How do Doctors Learn How to Perform Surgery?

Doctors, those who study medical science and technology, and save lives to treat diseases, generally refer to clinicians. In accordance with the laws and regulations of the Ministry of Health, the Health Commission and the Ministry of Medical Administration on medical and health management regulations, host medical-patient communication, academic discussions, new technology promotion, prognostic analysis, public education, nursing teaching, rehabilitation training, discharge education, health implementation Legal and political responsibilities such as epidemic prevention, family planning, early identification and intervention of major illnesses, undertake part of research and other tasks, prevent birth defects, improve the quality of the population, cure diseases and save people, and fulfill the responsibility of truthful notification of the condition, reasonable inspection, reasonable prescription, correct diagnosis, and active treatment. Improve legal awareness of doctors' professional risk and medical accident safety, avoid misdiagnosis and misdiagnosis, control iatrogenic secondary damage, and correct violations of legal responsibilities. Through regular clinical theory examinations and skill assessment training, they can master clinically necessary medical skills and necessary Medical theories, such as imaging, anatomy, pathology, medical genetics, medicinal chemistry, rehabilitation medicine, reproductive health, clinical forensics, etc., to obtain practising qualifications. You must not exaggerate your illness, frighten patients, or delay accidents. The industry standardizes diagnosis and treatment activities. Doctor, ancient doctor or Langzhong. The term "doctor" is now commonly used among northerners. Doctors are generally called "Physician" in Europe and America, and only surgeons are called "Surgeon". Since the Middle Ages it has been generally believed that "internal medicine" = "medicine" = "physician" = "doctor Physician". The surgeon's French name is Decin (Medusan), and the German name is Arzt (arutsuto). But in the Commonwealth, British surgeons still call it "myristol" today.

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Doctors, those who study medical science and technology, and save lives to treat diseases, generally refer to clinicians. In accordance with the laws and regulations of the Ministry of Health, the Health Commission and the Ministry of Medical Administration on medical and health management regulations, host medical-patient communication, academic discussions, new technology promotion, prognostic analysis, public education, nursing teaching, rehabilitation training, discharge education, health implementation Legal and political responsibilities such as epidemic prevention, family planning, early identification and intervention of major illnesses, undertake part of research and other tasks, prevent birth defects, improve the quality of the population, cure diseases and save people, and fulfill the responsibility of truthful notification of the condition, reasonable inspection, reasonable prescription, correct diagnosis, and active treatment. Improve legal awareness of doctors' professional risk and medical accident safety, avoid misdiagnosis and misdiagnosis, control iatrogenic secondary damage, and correct violations of legal responsibilities. Through regular clinical theory examinations and skill assessment training, they can master clinically necessary medical skills and necessary Medical theories, such as imaging, anatomy, pathology, medical genetics, medicinal chemistry, rehabilitation medicine, reproductive health, clinical forensics, etc., to obtain practising qualifications. You must not exaggerate the condition, scare the patient, delay the time and cause an accident. The industry standardizes diagnosis and treatment activities. Doctor, ancient doctor or Langzhong. The term "doctor" is now commonly used among northerners. Doctors are generally called "Physician" in Europe and America, and only surgeons are called "Surgeon". Since the Middle Ages it has been generally believed that "internal medicine" = "medicine" = "physician" = "doctor Physician". The surgeon's French name is Decin (Medusan), and the German name is Arzt (arutsuto). But in the Commonwealth of England

China is different from the West since ancient times. Before the Song Dynasty, doctors' names were more complicated.

Because in ancient times it was thought that the illness was due to the curse of demons and gods, the doctor profession has a lot to do with religion around the world. In the West, "medicine" is a symbol of Asklepios in Greek mythology (the image of Asklepios holding a cane is a WHO logo). In ancient Greece, different classes of diagnosis and treatment were used, slave doctors worked for slaves (slaves and black slaves in later generations had different concepts), and free citizens sought medical treatment from free citizens. The doctor's status is not high (this is because the Roman ruling class is less than the slave class, and most of the doctors are captured because of war).

The advancement of doctors' social status was in medieval Europe. Because it is an important occupation related to human life, it is given a special status as a specialized technical post. However, due to the influence of Confucianism in China at that time, doctors' social status was comparable to that of terracotta carpenters, etc., and considered to be a lowly job. North Korean doctors often have a lower social status than senior prostitutes. Indian doctors exist as a ruling class and only care for people of noble descent. In Japan, doctors were called pharmacists and had a close relationship with religion. In the Edo era, they were socially affiliated with scholars, peasants, and workers, and were attached to the samurai class.

After the Meiji Restoration in Japan, the doctor's system became more complete, and traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine merged. China; Korean and Korean traditional Chinese and Western medicines still exist independently, but Chinese medicine is gradually decreasing and there are signs of loss.

United States

There is no universal license in the entire state of the United States, and all states have their own medical license system. A doctor's license is a lifelong qualification, however, assessments need to be updated when new medical technology becomes available.

United Kingdom

Doctors in the UK need to be qualified as specialists in each clinic. There are also distinctions between "family doctor (general medical)" and "hospital doctor (professional medical)" qualifications, both of which are independent of each other. British medical licenses are available in Commonwealth countries and colonies such as New Zealand. The British medical license is also known as the global license. It is generally recognized in various developed countries (China is not on the list). This is because the Commonwealth and other islands belong to the island, and the level of medical education is generally higher than that of other countries. Doctors from Singapore and Brunei mostly study in the UK. After the return of Hong Kong, the medical license system was returned to the United Kingdom in accordance with the original license of the Mainland China system, but it can still be used in the Commonwealth (only issued in the UK).

Germany

German doctors have a national examination 4 level system.

(1) As a doctor, you should always consider the patient, do everything possible to relieve the patient's pain, save the life and help the wound, and implement humanitarianism.

(2) to respect the personality and rights of patients, and treat patients regardless of their ethnicity, gender, occupation, status, and property status;

(3) Civilized and courteous service. Dignified manners, civilized language, friendly attitude, sympathy, caring and considerate of patients;

(4) Honest and honest. Consciously abide by laws and regulations, do not accept patients' red envelopes, banquets, and do not borrow money or things from patients or their families;

(5) not to disclose the privacy and secrets of patients;

(6) Correctly handle the relationship between colleagues and colleagues, learn from each other, and work together in solidarity;

(7) Be rigorous and realistic, work hard and forge ahead, study medical skills, and keep improving. Constantly update knowledge and improve technical level.

When permitting me to enter the medical profession:

I solemnly promise that I will give everything to serve humanity.

I will give my teacher the respect and appreciation I deserve;

I will practice medicine with my conscience and dignity;

The health of the patient should be my first concern;

I will respect the secrets entrusted to me;

I will do my best to maintain the honor and noble traditions of the medical profession;

My industry should be treated as my country;

I will not allow any religious, national, racial, political or status considerations to intervene between my duties and the patient;

I have the highest respect for human life from the time of conception;

Even under threat, I will not use my medical knowledge to violate humanity.

I swear the above promise solemnly, autonomously, and with my personality.

The current status of Chinese doctors' work is facing multiple pressures

In order to do a good job in the registration of physician qualification examination, the qualifications for registration of physician qualification examination are as follows:

I. Comply with the "Practice Law of the People's Republic of China" (hereinafter referred to as "Physician Law"), "Interim Measures for Physician Qualification Examination" (Order of the Ministry of Health No. 4) and "Traditional Medical Teachers Accept and Qualify Examination for Physician Qualification Examination Measures (Order No. 6 of the Ministry of Health).

2. Applicants should apply for the doctors in the corresponding category according to the professional they are engaged in during the probationary period. Graduates of TCM majors may not apply for the qualifications of clinical, oral and public health doctors.

3. Those who have a degree in clinical medicine and work in the laboratory of a medical institution during the probationary period can participate in the qualification examination for clinical doctors.

4. Those who have a professional degree in medical nutrition may apply for a doctor's qualification examination in the clinical or public health category based on the post in the probation period.

V. Persons who have obtained the qualifications of clinical practicing (assistant) physicians, and have obtained a TCM professional qualification recognized by the education administration department at or above the provincial level, or have been studying TCM professional knowledge for more than two years, or have participated in the approval of the provincial TCM (pharmacy) administrative department. If you hold a training course on learning Chinese medicine by western medicine, and have systematically studied the basic courses of traditional Chinese medicine and clinical courses of traditional Chinese medicine, you can apply to participate in the qualification examination for practitioners of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine (assistant) physicians.