How Do I Become a Biomedical Technologist?

Joseph Terence (Joseph Terence Montgomery Needham (December 9, 1900-March 24, 1995)), a modern British biochemist and an expert in the history of science and technology, his book "China's Science and Civilization" (that is, "History of Science and Technology in China" ) Has a profound impact on modern Chinese and Western cultural exchanges.

Needham

(Foreign Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Historian of Biochemistry and Science)

Needham was born in a Christian intellectual family in the UK on December 9, 1900.

"Nature" commented on Needham, "In the 20th century, no scholar has rewritten the inherent concepts in people's minds like Needham. He painted and combed the history of China over the past 1500 years. As clear. " ^[11]

After the "Joseph Needham Problem" was formally raised, it caused a lively discussion at home and abroad. However, a large amount of information indicates that similar issues and discussions have already occurred, both domestically and internationally. It can be said that Needham only raised this issue in his unique capacity as a Western expert in the history of science and technology in China, making this problem even more compelling. One of the best examples of this problem long before is that Einstein discussed the problem before Needham formally stated it, and gave his own answer, and Needham later learned to refute it. Another powerful example is that the reference to Joseph Needham's work, "History of Science and Technology in China," includes Feng Youlan's "History of Chinese Philosophy", and Feng Youlan includes in his book "Why Is There No Science in China?" Expressed in the view. Data indicate that Joseph Needham read Feng Youlan's article and held different views, and this was one of the reasons he initially thought about the "Joseph Needham Problem". (See Wang Qianguozhong's "Biography of Needham Painting.") Of course, it is undeniable that Needham gave this issue a new meaning. Where is its new, right or wrong? What is the relationship between the "Joseph Needham Problem" and similar previous questions? ^[14]

Wu Xiaobo wrote in "What is difficult about Needham's problem?" "In Needham's research, he found that because Chinese inventions of technology mainly originate from practical applications, they are often known but not deliberate. Why? Compared with the West, many Chinese technological inventions Behind the lack of the special spirit in the history of Western science, that is, the long-term and systematic exploration of the mysteries of the universe through mathematicalization. Therefore, although there are many scientific inventions in the history of China that conform to scientific principles, a set of practical applications Both systems science. " ^{[11] [15]}

Needham's problem has sparked debate over why China has been surpassed by science and technology in Western society. However, the premise of this problem is questionable. China's ancient science and technology were not higher than the West, especially science. China did not produce a logical and systematic scientific system. It had only scattered scientific knowledge, focused on technology, and lacked theoretical research. . Einstein made it clear that since China has neither formal logic nor experimental methods, it is impossible for China to produce science. Some Chinese scholars have also pointed out that Needham excessively elevated China's science and technology. ^[16]