How Do I Become a Lighting Technician?

Semiconductor lighting, also known as solid-state lighting, refers to lighting using solid-state light-emitting devices as light sources, including light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). It has low power consumption, long life, rich colors, vibration resistance, and controllability. Strong and other characteristics. Since the 1990s, semiconductor lighting technology has continued to make breakthroughs and its application fields have been expanding. The technology in the field of indication and display is basically mature and widely used; the technology in special fields such as medical care and agriculture is still in the ascendant. In recent years, the semiconductor lighting industry has developed rapidly, and foreign countries and Taiwan have strong advantages in different fields. With the acceleration of China's industrial structure adjustment and development mode transformation, the semiconductor lighting energy-saving industry has ushered in a new period of development opportunities as an important measure for energy conservation and emission reduction.

Object elements of semiconductor technology

Object elements mainly refer to objective technical elements in technical activities, including not only technical means in the labor process, production tools such as tools and machines, but also technical objects and technical results in the labor process. Production tools such as tools and machines occupy a very important position in technical activities. The object elements of LED technology can be roughly divided into production equipment for LED-related components and devices, tools and equipment for quality monitoring and control during production. For example, the object elements of LED chip production technology refer to the mechanism and equipment of LED light-emitting chips, the mechanism and equipment of LED packaging, and the prevention and treatment equipment that may produce pollution during the manufacturing process of the above two technologies, and tools related to the application of LED lamps. , Equipment and test equipment, and the handling of LED lighting installation and maintenance equipment.

These object elements are different in the manufacturing links of the entire semiconductor lighting industry chain due to the specific technical subjects involved, and present a feature that a device or tool can have multiple aspects of description. This point reflects the multi-role, wide application, and other characteristics of the lighting technology object. For example, in the special testing equipment of the chip and the lamp, the Guangfu light port instrument is used to test the optical properties of the chip and the packaged light source and lamp. Colorimetric parameters. ^[2]

In 1965, the world's first commercial light-emitting diode was born. It was an infrared-emitting LED made of germanium. At that time, the unit price was about $ 45. In the early 1980s, semiconductor technology made major technological breakthroughs, and the performance of commercialized red LEDs increased at a rate of double. Today. The most efficient LED is made of a transparent substrate AIInGaP. From 1991 to 2001, further developments in material technology, chip size and form factor increased the luminous flux of commercial LEDs by nearly 30 times, and the efficiency reached approximately 100 Im (lumens) per watt.

In 1994, researcher Nakamura Nakamura of Japan's Nichia Corporation developed the first blue light-emitting diode on a GaN substrate. From this, people saw the dawn of white LEDs and the broad market prospects and huge business opportunities of GaN-based LEDs. Stimulated the enthusiasm for the research and development of GaN-based LEDs. With the successful development of two new materials, GaAIlnP that emits red and yellow light, and GalnN that emits green and blue light, the light efficiency of LEDs has been greatly improved. In 2001, the light efficiency of the LEDs made by the former reached 100 lm / W in the red and orange light regions (wavelengths around 615 nm), while the light effects of the LEDs made by the latter could also reach the green region (wavelength 530 nm) 50 lm / W.

One of the most important breakthroughs in the development of semiconductor lighting technology is the realization of

(1) According to the luminous color of the luminous tube, it is divided into red, orange, green (also subdivided into yellow-green, standard green and pure green), blue light and so on. Among them, red, yellow, yellow-green LEDs are mainly made of AlGalnP material, and blue-green LEDs are mainly made of AlGaInN material. In addition, some light-emitting diodes include chips of two or three colors.
New materials in the cutting-edge field are classified into four types: colored transparent, colorless transparent, colored scattering, and colorless scattering, depending on whether the light emitting diode is doped with or without a scattering agent, colored or colorless. Diffuse light-emitting diodes are not suitable for use as indicators.

(2) According to the structure of the light-emitting diode, it has a full epoxy encapsulation and a metal base.

Compared with other light sources, LED semiconductor light sources are well-known as "green light sources". In the lighting industry, comparing it with traditional light sources, some aspects show advantages that are difficult to replace:

(1) High luminous efficiency. Incandescent and tungsten halogen light effects are 12-24 lm / W, fluorescent lamps 50-70 lm / W, and sodium lamps 90-140 lm / W. The improved LED light efficiency will reach 50 200 lm / W, and its light has good monochromaticity and narrow spectrum. It can directly emit colored visible light without filtering.

(2) Low power consumption. LED single tube power 0.03 0.06 W, using DC drive, single tube driving voltage 1.5 3.5 V, current 15 18 mA, fast response speed, can operate at high frequency. Under the same lighting effect, the power consumption is one-eighth that of incandescent bulbs and one-half of that of fluorescent tubes.

(3) Long service life. It adopts LED lamp with small volume, light weight, epoxy resin package, can withstand high intensity mechanical shock and vibration, and is not easy to break. The average life span is 100,000 hours.

(4) Dynamic control of brightness and color is easy. Red, green, and blue elements can be used to adjust various colors, which can realize continuous adjustment of brightness, high color purity, dynamic color conversion and digital control; precise control of light type and light angle, soft light color, no glare .

(5) Flexible dimensions. Small size, can be combined at will, it is easy to develop into light, thin, short and small lighting products, and it is also easy to install and maintain.

(6) Environmental protection. LEDs are all solid light emitters, which are resistant to shock and impact and are not easily broken. The waste can be recycled without pollution. Does not contain mercury, sodium and other substances that may be harmful to health.

However, compared with other light sources, LEDs also have disadvantages, such as low color rendering in white light illumination. At present, white LEDs produced by yellow phosphor and blue light are acceptable as general lighting, but they are insufficient for some places with high color resolution requirements. By comparing the lifespan of incandescent, fluorescent, ordinary LED and high-power LEDs, it can be seen that high-power LEDs have great advantages in lifespan. Incandescent and fluorescent lamps have little room for improvement in many technical aspects. ^[3]