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Agriculture is the foundation of economic development, social stability, and national independence. The problem of farmers and rural areas has always been the fundamental issue of China's revolution and construction. Without the stability and comprehensive progress of the countryside, there can be no stability and comprehensive progress of the entire society; without the well-off of the peasants, there can be no well-off of the people of the whole country; without the modernization of agriculture, there cannot be the modernization of the entire national economy. In the process of building socialism with Chinese characteristics and fully realizing the second-step strategic goal of national economic and social development, the comrades of the whole party must work hard to create a new situation in China's agriculture and rural work.

Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Further Strengthening Agriculture and Rural Work

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Chinese name: Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Further Strengthening Agriculture and Rural Work

file type: government documents
release time: November 29, 1991

(Adopted at the Eighth Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on November 29, 1991)

Achievements of agricultural and rural work in the 1980s and 1980s and the main tasks of the 1990s

(1) In the 1980s, historic changes took place in rural China. Under the leadership of the party, the vast number of farmers have demonstrated a valuable entrepreneurial and innovative spirit, and great achievements have been made in rural reform and construction. The rural area has generally implemented a responsibility system based on household co-production contracting, and gradually established a two-tier management system combining unified and sub-contracting, which is conducive to the superiority of collective unified management and the enthusiasm of farmers for contracting operations. At the same time, the individual economy and the private economy have also made great progress, and a pattern of coexistence of multiple economic components, with the collective economy as the main body, has formed; gradually adjusted agricultural product prices and purchase and sales policies, developed multi-channel circulation, and reformed the rural circulation system. Good start; new progress has been made in science and technology, education, agriculture and comprehensive agricultural development. Grain output has reached two consecutive levels. Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and sideline fishery have developed rapidly. The shortage of agricultural products that has plagued us for a long time is as follows: The township and village enterprises have sprung up, the output value of non-agricultural industries has exceeded the total agricultural output value, the rural industrial output value has accounted for one-third of the national industrial output value, and it has played an increasing role in the national economy. Incomes have doubled, poverty alleviation efforts have achieved remarkable results, and most farmers have basic food and clothing problems Decisions; cadres and masses of scientific and cultural level has been greatly improved, commodity economy growing awareness, mental outlook has undergone new changes. The reform and development of China's rural areas has strongly supported the reform of cities and the development of the national economy, and has promoted social stability and unity. Practice has proved that since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee, the direction and basic policies for rural reform and development have been correct.

While fully affirming the achievements, we must clearly understand that the rural economic and social development is very uneven, and there are still many problems and many constraints. The trend of rapid population growth and reduced arable land has not been effectively controlled. Insufficient investment in agriculture, fragile material and technological foundation, low comprehensive production capacity, and weak ability to resist natural disasters. The two-tier operation system and agricultural socialization service system are still not perfect. The problems of unreasonable price comparison between industrial and agricultural products and poor agricultural product circulation are quite prominent. In recent years, farmers have been overburdened, their income growth has slowed down, and the main food-producing areas have experienced increased production. Increasing income or increasing production and increasing income but less income. Some local grassroots organizations are weak and scattered, ideological and political work is weak, social order is not good, and social bad habits such as feudal superstitions have spread again. The rural socialist spiritual civilization and the construction of democracy and the legal system have not adapted to the new requirements. The comrades of the entire party must have a comprehensive understanding of the situation in the countryside. We must not only see the huge potential for sustainable agricultural development, but also the new situations and problems facing rural work. The task is still very arduous. We must continue to conscientiously implement the party's basic line, make greater determination, take practical measures to strengthen the agricultural foundation, deepen rural reform, and develop the rural economy.

(2) Agricultural and rural work in the 1990s should make new breakthroughs on the basis of the 1980s. The main tasks are: to increase the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and efficiency to a new level, to ensure that the total grain output reaches 500 billion kg by the end of this century, the sustainable development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries industries, and township and village enterprises. We must have a new progress in rural reform, gradually establish and improve the economic system and operating mechanism that are suitable for the development of a socialist planned commodity economy; there must be a new change in the outlook of rural society, which will lead to economic prosperity, healthy thinking, Social stability and unity. The overall goal is: on the basis of comprehensive development of the rural economy, the lives of the majority of farmers have reached a moderately prosperous level from food and clothing to gradually achieve a richer material life, a more fulfilled spiritual conversation, an improved living environment, improved health, and the development of public welfare. Public order is good.

(3) According to the experience since the founding of New China, especially in the 1980s, to complete the tasks of the 1990s, build a new countryside with Chinese characteristics, and further consolidate the workers-peasants alliance, the following basic principles must be followed:

In economic construction, agriculture must always be put in the first place. We must not ignore or weaken the basic status of agriculture as soon as the agricultural situation improves.

The rural reform must continue to stabilize the responsibility system based on household co-production contracting, continuously improve the two-tier management system of integration and division, actively develop the socialized service system, gradually strengthen the collective economic strength, and guide farmers to follow the path of common prosperity. Must not deviate from the focus and general direction of deepening rural reform;

-To formulate and implement rural policies, we must effectively protect the economic material interests and political democratic rights of the peasants, and must not infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of the peasants;

To promote agricultural modernization, we must adhere to the development strategy of promoting agriculture through science and technology, increase agriculture investment through multiple channels, and accelerate the development of agricultural industries. We must not relax the agricultural material technology infrastructure;

To develop the rural commodity economy, we must respect the law of value, attach importance to reform and construction in the field of circulation, and must not ignore the role of circulation in promoting production;

-Rural economic and social development must strictly control population growth, strictly control non-agricultural land occupation, rationally develop and utilize resources, protect the ecological environment, and must not be divorced from national conditions and violate basic national policies;

To build a new socialist countryside, we must strengthen the building of grass-roots organizations with the party organization as the core, strengthen ideological and political work, carry forward the spirit of self-reliance and hard work, and adhere to the grasp of material civilization and spiritual civilization.

To guide rural work, we must adhere to the mass line, proceed from reality, adapt to local conditions, and categorize and guide. We must not run counter to the wishes of the masses and follow the set of customer requirements.

2. Stabilize and improve the party's basic policies in the countryside and continue to deepen rural reform

(4) Our party has gradually formed a series of basic policies in the practice of leading rural reform. Mainly: implement the responsibility system based on household co-production contracting, establish a two-tier management system that integrates and divides the system; take the public ownership economy as the main body, and allow and encourage other economic components to develop appropriately; take distribution according to work as the main body Policies supplemented by other forms of distribution; policies aimed at common prosperity, allowing and encouraging some regions and people to get rich first through honest labor and lawful management; while ensuring increased food production, actively develop diversified operations, encourage and Policies that guide the healthy development of township and village enterprises; implement policies that promote science and technology, education, and encourage scientific and technological personnel to go deeper into the countryside and serve rural development; policies that establish a national, collective, and individual farmer investment system; Gradually rationalize the prices of agricultural products and implement a multi-channel circulation policy; support the policy of getting rid of poverty and getting rich in poverty-stricken areas of old and young. The above-mentioned basic policies are adapted to the current level of development of rural productive forces in China, and are welcomed by the vast number of farmers. They must be kept stable for a long period of time, and constantly improved in accordance with changes in objective conditions to bring the reform to the next level.

(5) As a basic system of China's rural collective economic organization, the two-tier management system, which mainly consists of household-based production contracting and the combination of integration and sub-division, has been stabilized for a long time, and has been continuously enriched and improved. Introducing the family contracting business model into the collective economy, forming a two-tier management system that combines unified management and decentralized management, giving farmers the autonomy in production and operation, and adhering to the public ownership of basic means of production such as land and the necessary unified management. This two-tier management system has great flexibility in the specific form and content of unified integration, can accommodate different levels of productivity, and has extensive adaptability and strong vitality. This is the great creation of our peasants under the leadership of the party. It is the self-improvement and development of the collective economy. It is by no means an expedient solution to the problem of food and clothing. It must be adhered to for a long time without any hesitation and wavering.

Improve the two-tier management system, including improving household contract management and collective unified management. The family contracting operation is not "dividing the fields and doing it alone", nor is the collective unified operation "returning to the big pile". These two levels of management are interdependent, complementary, and mutually reinforcing. Ignoring either aspect is not conducive to the healthy development of the rural economy. With the improvement of the level of technical equipment and the specialization of production, some places should take the form of professional contracting for labor, households, teams, and factories (plants) for different production projects. Attention should also be paid to the relationship between system and division. The responsibility system for forest areas, pastoral areas, and fishing areas must be fully considered in light of the characteristics of the region, ethnicity, and industry, and be further improved based on actual conditions.

To stabilize and improve household contract management, we must conscientiously improve the management of land and other contractual contracts, and clarify the rights, responsibilities, and obligations of both parties. The land contracting relationship that has been formed should generally not be changed.

At present, the level of collective collective management in most localities is relatively weak. It is necessary to gradually enrich the content of collective unified management on the basis of stable household contracted management. For a family that cannot be handled by one household, it can't be done well, and it is not cost-effective. The rural collective economic organization must work hard to do it according to the masses' requirements. It is necessary to manage the collective property, coordinate various interests, and organize production services, collective resource development, and agricultural infrastructure. This will not only affect family management, but also inject new vitality into family management, and promote the common development of all farmers.

(6) Actively developing the agricultural socialization service system is an important task for deepening the reform. It is a strategic measure to mobilize all forces in society and promote the development of rural production. The agricultural socialization service system includes the services provided by rural collective economic organizations, various other service economic entities and the services provided by the state economic and technological departments for agriculture. The content of the service includes not only the services of the production links and production materials supply of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and sideline fisheries, but also various services such as technology, capital, information, operation management, and processing and sales of agricultural products. At present, this service system has a certain foundation, but it is very unbalanced. In some places and in some aspects, it is still very weak. We must conscientiously sum up experience and continue to enrich and develop.

The rural collective economic organization is the foundation of the agricultural socialized service system. It is necessary to work hard to set up pre-, mid-, and post-service service items that farmers urgently need, and gradually expand the service content as the collective economic strength increases. At the same time, it is necessary to actively contact other service organizations and bring into play the role of the linkage between the vast number of farmers in inline, the economic and technological departments of the outreach countries, and various other service organizations.

Supply and marketing cooperatives, credit cooperatives, and various voluntary service entities composed of agricultural product distribution, processing enterprises, and farmers are important parts of the agricultural socialized service system. It is necessary to contact several rural collective economic organizations and farmers in different forms to provide special services or series of services for agriculture. The various service organizations run by farmers and self-organized are highly adaptable and should be actively supported.

The provision of services to agriculture by the national economic and technological departments not only reflects the state's support for agriculture, but is also an important means for the country to guide and regulate agriculture. These departments should improve their work, actively create conditions, set up agricultural service entities, and strengthen the functions of serving agriculture.

Party committees and governments at all levels must do a good job of organizing the development and improvement of the agricultural socialization service system, and guide various service organizations to make use of their respective strengths, cooperate with each other, work together, and differentiate the situation, and give financial, credit, tax, and other aspects Appropriate discount. All kinds of service organizations must aim at promoting the improvement of the two-tier management system and the development of the rural economy, providing low-profit and high-quality services, and not allowing services to be used as well-known farmers and farmers.

(7) Gradually increasing the collective economic strength and increasing the financial and material resources that the collective can uniformly control is the material basis for perfecting double-layer operations and strengthening service functions. It is the fundamental way to strengthen collective cohesion, promote common prosperity, and consolidate rural socialist positions. To strengthen the collective economic strength, mainly rely on the use of local resources for developmental production, set up collective enterprises, and increase unified operating income; at the same time, we must do a good job in the management of land and other collective assets, and collect collective retention or contract payments in accordance with the contract; we can also develop For service undertakings, a reasonable service fee is charged. In short, it is necessary to proceed from the local reality and gradually increase the collective economic strength by relying on the development of production and its own accumulation. We must not rush to achieve success, let alone level the property of farmers. It is necessary to establish strict financial, auditing and supervision management systems to prevent the loss of collective assets. For the development of collective economy in impoverished villages, governments at all levels should provide necessary support in terms of funds, materials, technology, etc., so that they can form self-development capabilities.

(8) Deepening the reform of agricultural product prices and the circulation system is an urgent issue that farmers are eager to solve, and it is a key link for further developing the rural commodity economy. It is necessary to follow the principle of combining the planned economy and market regulation, and take appropriate measures to accelerate the pace of reform in accordance with the general laws of the commodity economy and the specific characteristics of various agricultural products.

Except for a few important agricultural products stipulated by the state, which are subject to unified national purchase or partial unified purchase and management, the rest are all liberalized and market regulation is implemented. The part of the system should be purchased and sold in strict accordance with the national plan. It is necessary to gradually rationalize prices, maintain a reasonable price comparison between industrial and agricultural products and various agricultural products, effectively control the prices of agricultural production materials, and gradually reduce the "scissors gap" on the basis of improving industrial and agricultural labor productivity. With the development of production, it is necessary to gradually reduce the number and variety of national systems and expand the scope of market regulation. The agricultural products that have been liberalized must be truly liberalized, oppose monopoly blockades, and lift all barriers that have been set aside, so that goods can flow smoothly and develop a unified national market.

Unswervingly implement multi-channel circulation. Supply and marketing cooperatives and state-owned domestic and foreign trade commerce are the main channels for the circulation of rural goods. It is necessary to speed up the pace of reform and increase business vitality. Supply and marketing cooperatives are cooperative commercial organizations with collective ownership of farmers, and they must truly form a community of economic interests with farmers. Further encourage and guide farmers to enter the field of circulation. Collectively or individually, all agricultural products can be purchased, wholesaled, processed, and trafficked. Among them, the wholesale operation of grain, oil and other products related to national economy and people's livelihood must be approved.

State-owned and collective commercial organizations and agricultural product processing enterprises must give full play to their advantages in capital, technology, equipment, and information, and establish production, supply, marketing, breeding, and agricultural-industrial complexes with farmers to provide farmers with stable product sales channels and provide themselves with Establish a reliable source or raw material base. Relevant departments must create conditions for the further development of various production, supply, and marketing joint organizations.

Strengthen the state's macro-control and management of the market, establish a normal circulation order, and promote the development of market mechanisms. For important agricultural products, the central and local governments must gradually establish the necessary reserve adjustment system, do a good job of market throughput, and flatten market prices. We will develop wholesale markets for various agricultural and sideline products in a planned way, expand the distribution of commodities, and speed up the circulation of commodities. Governments at all levels should increase investment in distribution facilities and mobilize all forces to build infrastructure such as storage, transportation, and processing.

Strengthen the reform of the grain purchase and sales system. The problems of low grain purchase prices and inverted purchase and sales prices were addressed in a planned manner. During the Eighth Five-Year Plan period, we must strive to basically rationalize the price relationship on the basis of achieving the same price for purchases and sales, and gradually liberalize operations under national macro-control. At present, every effort must be made to solve the problem of difficult food sales. Next year (1992), the grain purchase price will be raised appropriately. In grain export provinces, the state actively purchases grains other than those ordered, at protected prices. The related funding, warehousing and other issues must be co-operated with various localities, including the grain, planning, finance, and banking departments, and resolved as soon as possible. At the same time that the state has established a grain reserve system, collectives and farmers must also store grain for destocking.

Third, continue to adjust the rural industrial structure and promote the all-round development of the rural economy

(9) Ensure the steady growth of grain and actively develop diversified operations. We must be vigilant and prevent the tendency to relax grain production, and always put grain production first in agriculture, stabilize the area planted, increase yields, improve quality, and increase commodity rates. We will continue to implement various support policies and earnestly carry out the construction of commodity bases such as grain, cotton, oil, and meat. Focus on supporting major commodity grain counties and control them to maintain the advantages of grain production while actively developing diversified operations and the secondary and tertiary industries, so that these counties 'economic development, fiscal revenue and farmers' income reached a new level in the 1990s . We will continue to do a good job in the "vegetable basket project" to improve the production and supply of urban non-staple food. Vigorously develop animal husbandry, do a good job in breed improvement, disease control, feed production and grassland construction, and improve the quantity and quality of livestock products. Speed up the technological transformation of fisheries and develop artificial aquaculture and offshore fisheries.

Forestry is an ecological barrier for agriculture and water conservancy. It plays an important role in ensuring the stable and high yield of agricultural and animal husbandry and the effectiveness of water conservancy facilities. We must attach great importance to forestry development, fully implement afforestation and greening planning, strictly implement logging quotas, strengthen resource cultivation and forest protection, do a good job in the construction of protective forest systems and sand control projects, and improve the ecological environment.

We will further manage agricultural reclamation and other state-owned agricultural enterprises, and give play to their exemplary role in agricultural specialization, commercialization and modernization.

(10) Establish a big agricultural concept, do a good job in comprehensive agricultural development, and make rational use of agricultural resources. Our country has a large population and a small amount of cultivated land. We must cherish the cultivated land very much, strengthen land management in accordance with the law, establish basic farmland protection zones, and strictly prohibit acts of damaging resources such as unauthorized reclamation and deforestation. It is necessary to make full use of the results of agricultural resource surveys and regional planning work to develop agricultural reserve resources such as wasteland, barren slopes, barren mountains, barren water, and beaches in a planned manner, expand the space for agricultural development, and ensure that the area of arable land at the end of this century is stable at the current level. . Agricultural development is focused on transforming low- and medium-yield fields and increasing yield per unit area. It must be centralized, integrated planning, unified implementation, advanced science and technology, comprehensive management of forests, roads, and forests, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and sideline fisheries. Pay equal attention to social benefits.

(11) Actively developing township and village enterprises is the only way to prosper the rural economy, increase farmers' income, and promote agricultural modernization and national economic development. It is necessary to continue to implement the principle of "active support, rational planning, correct guidance, and strengthening management" and unremittingly run township and village enterprises. According to the national industrial policy, we must adjust the industrial structure and product structure step by step, do a good job in technological transformation, and improve product quality and economic efficiency. Enterprises that have made excessive use of crude materials, caused serious pollution, wasted resources, and damaged resources should pay close attention to governance. According to local conditions, classification guidance. Support areas as late as possible to accelerate development in a planned way. Encourage urban-rural collaboration, complement each other's advantages, and lead the city to the countryside for coordinated development. In the future, the construction of agricultural product processing industry should be mainly located in rural areas, and industrial products suitable for rural processing should also spread to rural areas. New supporting policies should be formulated for state-owned large and medium-sized enterprises, supporting agricultural products processing, producing foreign exchange, and labor-intensive enterprises. Guide township and village enterprises to participate in or form enterprise groups, grant foreign trade import and export rights to qualified export-oriented enterprise groups, and encourage them to participate in international competition. Strengthen the management of township collective enterprises, stabilize and improve the business contracting system. To guide the healthy development of individual economies and private enterprises, we must strengthen management, pay taxes in accordance with regulations, operate according to law, and protect their legitimate rights and interests. Play its positive role and limit its negative role.

(12) Proper arrangement of surplus rural labor is a major issue for maintaining social stability. Through intensive farming, planting trees and fruits, developing animal husbandry and aquaculture, etc., we must develop the breadth and depth of agriculture, and strive to absorb more labor within the rural primary industry. Exploit and develop the secondary and tertiary industries in a planned way, strengthen the construction of rural industrial communities and market towns, and open the way for the transfer of agricultural labor.

4. Quickly implement the development strategy of promoting agriculture through science and technology and education

(13) Revitalizing the rural economy ultimately depends on the advancement of science and technology and the widespread application of scientific and technological achievements. We must firmly establish a Marxist view that science and technology are the primary productive forces and shift agricultural development to the track of relying on scientific and technological progress and improving the quality of workers. Provinces, prefectures, and counties should proceed from the actual situation, and after scientific demonstration, formulate specific plans, conscientiously implement the development strategy of science and technology and education to promote agriculture, improve the technological level of rural industries, improve resource utilization, labor productivity, input-output Economic benefits.

(14) Send the applicable advanced technology to the countryside and spread it to millions of households. It is necessary to take effective measures to further promote the implementation of the "Spark", "Liaoyuan", and "Harvest Harvest" plans, so that scientific and technological achievements can be transformed into real productivity as soon as possible. Relevant science and technology units and colleges and universities should establish scientific experiments and demonstration bases in rural areas, take various forms of technical contracting and paid services, and encourage and select science and technology personnel to work in counties and townships. Where conditions permit, deputy science and technology may be established. Deputy head of town. The establishment and funding sources of agricultural technology extension units at the township level must be solved as soon as possible, and the policies for graduates of agricultural, forestry, water and other colleges and universities in the national plan to work in these units must be implemented as soon as possible. Township technology extension units may implement technology-material integration and establish economic entities to enhance service capabilities and self-development capabilities. For scientific and technological personnel engaged in technology promotion in rural areas, subsidies for grassroots posts can be implemented where conditions permit. It is necessary to attach importance to promoting the development of various professional and technical associations, research associations and scientific and technological service institutions, and give full play to their role in promoting applicable technologies and opening up new industries. Attention should be paid to training farmers' technicians and science and technology demonstration households, and strengthening the construction of agricultural demonstration villages and demonstration films. Further improve the technology promotion network of counties, townships (towns), villages and households. Part of the central and local agricultural construction funds should be used for science and technology promotion.

(15) Reform and development of rural education and improve farmers' cultural and scientific quality. Accelerate the pace of rural education reform, strive to popularize compulsory education, continue to do a good job of literacy, vigorously develop vocational and technical education, run agricultural radio and television and correspondence education, agricultural secondary professional schools, and agricultural vocational middle schools; rural ordinary middle schools must actively create conditions and increase Agricultural labor technology course. Higher education institutions such as Yilin and secondary specialized schools should adjust the structure and content of specialties in accordance with the needs of agriculture and rural modernization. We will adopt measures such as expanding targeted enrollment, reform the enrollment and graduate distribution methods, and formulate corresponding policies to make talent flow to the countryside. Provincial and local levels should establish agricultural technology training bases, counties and townships should hold various technical training courses, run farmers' cultural and technical schools, and improve the scientific and cultural level of rural grassroots cadres and farmers. Veterans should focus on professional training so that they become the backbone of rural science and technology.

(16) Strengthen scientific research, increase scientific and technological reserves, and improve the overall scientific and technological level of agriculture. Despite the rapid development of various modern sciences related to agriculture, the problem of insufficient agricultural science and technology reserves in China is still very prominent. Relevant departments should pay attention to basic research and applied research, and strive to combine development research and technology promotion. According to the requirements of the combined development of conventional agricultural technology and modern biotechnology, make overall plans, organize joint research on major projects, and launch a batch of breakthrough as soon as possible. Scientific research results. At the same time, actively participate in international agricultural science and technology cooperation and exchanges. It is necessary to strengthen the study of meteorological science and the laws of various disasters, improve the level of monitoring, forecasting and prevention, and give full play to their role in disaster prevention and reduction. The central and local governments must increase funding to improve the working and living conditions of agricultural scientific research equipment and scientific and technological personnel. Those who have made significant contributions to agricultural scientific research and extension must be commended and rewarded to encourage them to make new contributions to China's agricultural development.

V. Accelerating Comprehensive Management of Large Rivers, Large Rivers, and Large Lakes

(17) Water conservancy is the lifeblood of agriculture and the basic industry for national economic and social development. Building water conservancy is a century-old plan for governing the country and rejuvenating the country. In the 1990s, it was necessary to speed up the management of large rivers and lakes, such as the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, and accomplish several major tasks in the construction of water conservancy infrastructure. A large number of large-scale water conservancy projects for flood prevention, power generation, water storage and diversion shall be built, the construction of dikes and flood prevention and drainage projects shall be strengthened, the comprehensive management of key soil erosion areas shall be improved, the reinforcement of disease and dangerous reservoirs shall be strengthened, and the flood prevention of large and medium cities shall be improved Standards to strengthen the flood protection and self-protection capabilities of industrial and mining enterprises and transportation trunks, and gradually alleviate the severe water shortage in the north. Governments at all levels and relevant departments must conscientiously carry out comprehensive management planning and unified management of water conservancy construction, carry forward the spirit of socialist cooperation, implement the Water Law, unite and manage water, and rationally use water. It is necessary to organically integrate downstream management with upstream management, water conservancy construction, and forestry and grass development, and effectively protect and expand vegetation to prevent soil and water loss.

Both the central and local governments must increase the proportion of investment in water conservancy infrastructure on the basis of the Eighth Five-Year Plan, and at the same time follow the path of relying on social forces to manage water conservancy, and open up sources of funds for water conservancy construction. It is necessary to establish a special fund for water conservancy construction, increase long-term preferential water conservancy construction loans, increase the proportion of foreign capital utilization, issue water conservancy bonds, and improve the charging system for water conservancy projects.

(18) Carry forward the spirit of self-reliance and hard work, and extensively carry out basic construction of farmland water conservancy. All localities should formulate practical mid- and long-term plans and annual plans in accordance with the principles of comprehensive governance, practical results, ability to do what they can, and reasonable burdens, give full play to the advantages of China's rural labor force, and organize the masses to persist year after year. Efforts will be made to expand the irrigated area, actively promote water-saving agriculture, increase the use of organic fertilizers, vigorously develop the construction of farmland forest nets, and convert most of the low- and medium-yield fields with irrigation conditions to drought and flood protection and stable and high-yield farmland. Attach importance to the management of small and medium rivers and low-lying and flood-prone areas. Strengthen the management of existing water conservancy facilities, and effectively solve the problems of long-term disrepair and loss of benefits of water conservancy projects. In mountainous and hilly areas, soil and water conservation must be strengthened, and small watershed management must be done well. Actively do a good job in township water supply and pastoral water conservancy construction. Strengthen hydropower construction and other energy development, and accelerate the construction of rural power grids and rural primary electrification counties. By the end of this century, the difficulties of drinking water for humans and livestock in water-scarce areas will be basically solved. The poor mountainous areas will achieve a stable and high-yield basic farmland per capita from half to one acre, and electricity will be available to counties and counties throughout the country.

During the Eighth Five-Year Plan period, the state continued to adopt the method of work for work to support the construction of infrastructure such as water conservancy, farmland infrastructure, drinking water for humans and animals, and transportation. All localities must conscientiously organize implementation.

China has a vast territory and frequent natural disasters. Central and local party committees and relevant departments at all levels must attach great importance to disaster prevention and mitigation.

Six, increase agricultural input significantly

Speed up the development of agricultural industry

(19) The central government, local governments, collectives, and farmers must increase agricultural inputs, and gradually establish and improve an investment system that combines state, collective, and individual farmers. State investment is mainly used for the construction of backbone projects, major agricultural infrastructure, and commodity grain and cotton bases for harnessing rivers and lakes. Agricultural production input and capital construction centering on farmland water conservancy mainly depend on the collective and farmers, especially the accumulation of labor by farmers.

(20) The state shall gradually increase agricultural inputs. During the Eighth Five-Year Plan period, the investment in agricultural capital construction and agricultural industry within the national plan and budget must increase year by year, and the proportion of foreign investment in agriculture should be increased. Financial support for agriculture must also grow steadily. County-level mobile financial resources should be mainly used for agriculture. The established agricultural development fund and other special agricultural funds must be guaranteed to be fully utilized. Part of the financial support funds for agriculture continued to be used for paid turnover.

The National Bank should continue to give top priority to supporting agricultural development and ensure that agricultural loans are slightly higher than the growth rate of national bank loans. It is necessary to expand special low- and long-term loans for agriculture, arrange funds for the purchase of agricultural and sideline products, and appropriately increase the working capital of township and village enterprises and loans for technological transformation. After paying sufficient reserves and retaining sufficient business reserves, the credit cooperatives will appropriately deposit more loans to support agricultural production.

Strengthen the macro-coordination of various agricultural funds, change the current situation of too scattered management and use, improve financial management and audit supervision, and improve the efficiency of fund use.

Actively develop the rural insurance industry, expand the scope of insurance coverage, and encourage farmers and collective insurance. With the support of governments at all levels, a multi-level, interconnected rural special insurance fund was established, and a rural disaster compensation system was gradually established.

(21) Vigorously develop agricultural industries and promote agricultural mechanization. Ensure that the supply of agricultural production materials such as fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural films, agricultural machinery and diesel oil increases year by year, and strive to adjust the product structure, improve quality and reduce costs. Plan to build a large number of large-scale chemical fertilizer plants and chemical mines, and accelerate the transformation of small and medium-sized chemical fertilizer plants. Focus on the construction of a number of pesticide research and development bases, and plan to transform key pesticide enterprises. The agricultural machinery industry should coordinate the development of large, medium, and small-sized machinery in accordance with the actual needs of agricultural production in various places, and provide supporting equipment for various types of Jackie Chan to promote the promotion and application of agricultural machinery. The state must implement preferential investment and other supportive policies for agricultural industries. The raw materials and energy required by it must be prioritized and ensured.

(22) Rural collective economic organizations shall establish and improve a collective accumulation system. Collective funds should be used more for agricultural basic construction, and "make up agriculture with work" and "build up agriculture with work". Continue to run the Rural Cooperation Foundation. It is necessary to stipulate the number of collectively accumulated workers for each labor force, which shall be organized by the collective and improve the local production conditions and living environment based on the principle of mutual assistance and mutual benefit. Guide farmers to correctly handle the relationship between production and life, long-term interests and immediate interests, and use funds as much as possible to develop production.

Seven, do a good job in poverty alleviation and inter-regional coordination

Development work for common prosperity

(23) Achieving common prosperity is the essential requirement of the socialist system and the general desire of the broad masses. While allowing some areas and some farmers to become rich first, we must further support the economic development of ethnic minority areas, old revolutionary base areas, and border areas, and help farmers and herdsmen in poor areas get out of poverty as soon as possible. At the end of the Eighth Five-Year Plan period, the masses who are still in poverty-stricken areas must basically solve the problem of food and clothing.

(24) Adhere to the principle of focusing on economic development and do a good job in helping the poor. The state continues to implement supportive policies for poor counties, issue development funds and low-interest, discounted loans to support underdeveloped areas, settle special materials for poverty alleviation, implement subsidies for work, and give preferential treatment in taxation, credit, and financial subsidies. It is necessary to proceed from local conditions, select poverty alleviation and development projects according to local conditions, strengthen infrastructure construction in water, electricity, roads, and communications in poor areas, and improve conditions for economic development.

All localities must mobilize social forces to support the poor villages, villages and households in the local area, and actively promote the first rich but not the rich. Getting rich first but not getting rich is not a matter of "all the rich and the poor". Measures such as disseminating experience, economic cooperation, and mutual assistance should be adopted. Party committees and governments at all levels should strengthen organizational leadership, arrange relevant departments and enterprises and institutions to provide counterpart support, and select cadres to help work in these townships and villages. The members of the CPC and the Communist Youth League should play an exemplary role in leading the rich and promoting the common prosperity.

The poverty alleviation work should change the method of simple relief, and with the necessary support of the state, strengthen the inner vitality and the ability of self-development and self-reliance of the poor areas and poor households. It must also be combined with family planning to strictly control excessive population growth.

(25) Provide systematic support to underdeveloped western regions. This is a major event that has a bearing on the coordinated development of the national economy, strengthening national unity, consolidating borders, and ensuring the long-term security of the country. It must be attached great importance. The western region should actively create conditions for economic development based on its own characteristics and advantages. In accordance with the principles of complementarity of advantages and mutual economic benefits, we should organize economic alliances and various forms of interest communities in the eastern and western coastal regions to promote economic development in the western region and gradually ease the gap between the eastern and western regions. Relevant departments of the central government should strengthen the exploration and comprehensive development of resources in the western region, and arrange some large-scale infrastructure constructions in a planned way to lay the foundation for the faster development of the western economy in the next century.

8. Effectively strengthen the construction of rural grassroots organizations

(26) Strengthening the supporting construction of village-level organizations with the Party branch as the core is an organizational guarantee for consolidating rural socialist positions and implementing the Party's various policies and policies in rural areas. The basic requirements for the construction of village-level organizations are: a party branch that can play a core leadership role; a village committee that can implement laws, regulations, and policies, and perform autonomous functions; and a collective economic strength that can better unify Rural collective economic organizations operating functions; there are mass organizations such as League branches, women's congresses, militia, etc. that can play a role.

The party branch is the focus of village-level organization building, and it must be built into a strong fortress that conscientiously implements the party's line, principles, and policies, maintains close ties with the masses, has strict discipline and is highly combative. It is necessary to select a good branch secretary and build a strong leadership team. It is necessary to improve the system of party living, democratic supervision, and evaluation of party members, strengthen the education and management of party members in accordance with the requirements of ruling the party, and give full play to the exemplary role of party members. We must adhere to standards, ensure quality, and actively do a good job of training and developing new party members, especially young party members and women party members. We must continue to do a good job of rectifying the backward party branches.

The villagers 'committee shall, under the leadership of the Party branch, manage the affairs of the village in accordance with the law, complete the administrative tasks assigned by the township government, organize the villagers' self-management, self-education, and self-service, and fulfill their obligations according to law. Issues involving the interests of all villagers shall be discussed and decided by the villagers' meeting. It is necessary to improve the villager group and give full play to its role.

Rural collective economic organizations, whether they are called cooperatives, economic unions, or other names chosen by the masses, must gradually improve management institutions and various rules and regulations, strengthen agricultural contract management, enterprise management, and financial management, do a good job of collective accumulation, and give full play to Its production services, coordinated management, resource development, establishment of enterprises, asset accumulation and other functions.

Organizations such as the League branch, the Women's Congress, and the militia must strengthen their own construction, carry out activities regularly, and give full play to their respective roles.

Cadres of party branches, villagers' committees, and rural collective economic organizations may cross part-time jobs and reduce the number of subsidized cadres.

(27) Strengthen the self-construction of township party committees and governments, give full play to the core role of township party committee leadership, and improve the functions of township governments to become authoritative and effective grassroots party committees and political organizations. Relevant county-level agencies located in townships and villages are generally managed by townships, with the exception of a small number of dual leaders that are not suitable for decentralization. With dual leadership, cadres' transfers, appointments, removals, rewards and punishments should be approved by the township party committee. The township party committee and the government should strengthen the leadership of these units, make them cooperate with each other, form a joint force, and serve the rural economic and social development.

(28) Strengthen the building of cadres. The vast number of rural cadres are at the forefront of rural work, with arduous tasks and difficult conditions. Party committees and governments at all levels should enthusiastically support their work and help them solve their work and life difficulties. The county party committee and county government should use party schools and cadre schools as their positions to train rural cadres to improve their ideological, policy, and work abilities. Rural cadres must adhere to principles, keep in close contact with the masses, be honest and serve the public, and work hard.

All localities should establish and improve systems for the selection, training, assessment, use, reward, punishment, and supervision of rural cadres. The remuneration of village cadres must be linked to the performance of the work and guaranteed to be fulfilled; where conditions permit, village cadre retirement insurance systems can be implemented. Township and township supplementary party and government cadres can be selected or hired from village cadres according to relevant regulations; township and township cadres should pay attention to selecting from particularly outstanding village cadres and township and village enterprise cadres; county-level cadres must pay attention to both moral and talent 3. Leading cadres with outstanding performance in townships and towns; The main leading cadres of the agencies directly under the county should generally have years of work experience in townships.

Party committees and governments at all levels must implement the principles of streamlining troops, simplifying administration, and strengthening grass-roots units, and adopt a variety of measures such as rotation, appointments, assignments, and exchanges, and cadres must be transferred to grass-roots work. Relevant departments at higher levels shall not oblige townships and towns to set up additional institutions and personnel. At the county and township levels, competent cadres must be selected and assigned to the post-village village to help change the outlook. Strengthen the management of dispatched cadres, and promote those cadres who have proven themselves to be outstanding in practice to leadership positions.

Nine, continue to develop socialist ideas

Education Strengthens the Construction of Rural Spiritual Civilization

And democracy and legal construction

(29) In accordance with the central government's deployment, provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government are conducting socialist ideological education in rural areas. This is a strategic task to comprehensively promote the construction and reform of rural socialism. It is a basic task to mobilize and organize farmers to achieve the second step of the strategic goal. It is necessary to strengthen and improve the party's leadership over rural work and increase the socialist awareness of cadres and the masses. It is of far-reaching significance to strengthen the relationship between the party and the peasants, promote the construction of rural material civilization and spiritual civilization, and consolidate rural socialist positions. Party committees at all levels must conscientiously sum up experience, closely organize, carefully guide, stage by stage, and complete this concentrated education in two or three years, and carry on the fundamental work of socialist ideological education for a long time.

(30) The basic tasks of this centralized socialist ideological education are: to carry out in-depth patriotism, collectivism, and socialist education; to fully implement the party's basic line and the party's guidelines and policies in rural areas to promote rural economic development; Strengthen the construction of village-level organizations with party branches as the core. All localities must proceed from actual conditions, effectively solve outstanding issues that are of common concern to cadres and the masses and affect reform and development, and complete these three tasks in a comprehensive manner. We must combine ideological education with solving practical problems. We must adhere to ideological education, positive education, and self-education. It is necessary to put forward specific requirements according to the actual situation of each village and strive to achieve: the socialist convictions of the cadres and the masses, the concept of the state, and the concept of the collective have been significantly enhanced; The contract and the collective economic management system are basically complete, and the services that farmers urgently need and can achieve can be carried out; the problems that the masses reflect strongly and can be resolved; the economic development has a practical plan; the social climate and social order situation have improved significantly .

Socialist ideological education focuses on the village level, and also includes township and village organs, township-owned units, and county (city) -related agencies located in townships. The educational activities of these units are under the unified leadership of local party committees, and relevant departments at higher levels should cooperate closely to resolve existing problems.

(31) Socialist ideological education must strengthen leadership, adhere to standards, ensure quality, strive for practical results, and prevent it from passing through. The time for intensive education should be no less than four months to obey the needs of the task. Strict inspection and acceptance. Where socialist ideological education has been concentrated, but where the three tasks have not been fully completed and the requirements have not been met, the redeployment should be based on the principle of what is missing and what is missing.

From the central to the local level, according to the needs of the actual situation, government officials should be selected, organized by task forces, and led by leading cadres to participate in socialist ideological education in rural areas. This is not only the need to do a good job of socialist ideological education, but also the need to change the style of organs and train cadres. Young teachers from some colleges and universities can also be planned to participate. The task force must be trained, clarify tasks, master policies, observe discipline, and rely on grass-roots party organizations, cadres, and the masses to carry out work under the leadership of local party committees. At the end of each period of work, appraisals should be made on the team members as the basis for evaluating the cadres.

In order to strengthen the leadership of rural socialist ideological education, party committees at all levels must set up leading groups to form special working groups. The leading cadres of the local and county Party committees should personally grasp points and give specific guidance to the frontline.

(32) Do a good job of regular ideological and political work, strengthen the building of socialist spiritual civilization, and work hard to create a new generation of farmers with ideals, morality, culture and discipline. Constantly improve the ideological and moral qualities of farmers and scientific and cultural levels, educate farmers to consciously resist the erosion of feudal remnants and the rotten ideas of bourgeoisie, break down feudal superstitions, overcome social bad habits, and establish new socialist trends. Intensify legal education and strengthen the concept of legal system. Attaching importance to the construction of rural socialist cultural positions. Carry out healthy and beneficial cultural and sports activities that farmers like to see and do, do a good job of rural radio, and do a good job of sending movies to the countryside and TV broadcasting. Strengthen village and town construction and improve living environment. We will continue to carry out patriotic health campaigns, accelerate the construction of rural medical and health networks, establish and improve a cooperative medical system, and strive to eliminate endemic diseases.

(32) Strictly implement family planning, promote eugenics, control the number of the population, and improve the quality of the population. This is a major issue concerning economic development, social progress and national rejuvenation. The focus of family planning is in rural areas. At present, it is at the peak of the birth of the population. In particular, family planning work needs to be carried out, and rural people must be firmly controlled within the predetermined goals. It is necessary to strengthen publicity and education, stabilize policies, improve organization, and manage according to law to achieve regular, scientific, and institutionalized family planning work. Gradually establish a rural social security system. Where conditions permit, rural endowment insurance will be gradually implemented.

(24) Persist in combining special work with the mass line, and vigorously strengthen the comprehensive management of rural social order. Establish and improve public security organizations and people's mediation organizations for mass self-defense and self-government, establish a public security responsibility system, formulate town rules and regulations, initiate and rely on the masses, strengthen public security prevention and mediation of civil disputes, and timely discover and eliminate instability factors. Resolutely crack down on criminal activities such as homicide, robbery, theft, smuggling, drug trafficking, gathering gambling, trafficking in women and children, yellowing and trafficking, and disrupting production and public facilities, crack down on illegal religious activities, ban illegal organizations, and ensure the smooth progress of production To ensure the safety of the state, collective property, and the lives and property of the masses.

X. Further strengthen the party's leadership over rural work

(35) Leading hundreds of millions of farmers to adhere to the socialist road with Chinese characteristics and achieve the grand goals of rural reform and construction in the 1990s requires a lot of hard work. The whole party must attach great importance to and study rural issues intensively, strengthen leadership over rural work, pay close attention to the implementation of various tasks, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers. The party committees of the central government, provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities must devote great efforts to rural work. The prefectural and county committees must also focus their work and main energy on rural work, and the main leading comrades must personally investigate, study, arrange, and supervise inspections. A county is a joint part of the urban-rural economy. It is essential to strengthen agricultural and rural work. It should be given the necessary power to coordinate economic development and coordinate departmental relations. Where cities are administered by counties, rural work must continue to be given high priority.

(36) Leading cadres at all levels must invigorate their spirits, work hard to serve them, and serve the grass-roots level sincerely, serving farmers. To improve working methods and work styles, local and county party and government leading cadres must go to the grassroots at least one-third of the time each year to investigate and research, listen to the opinions of cadres and the masses, and timely discover and properly resolve new emergences in rural areas. Questions, summarizing and promoting effective new experiences. We will continue to run a pilot rural reform zone to provide a basis for decision-making for deepening reform.

(37) Strengthen the legislative work and gradually bring the state's macro management of agriculture and rural areas into the legal track. Laws and regulations that have been promulgated and implemented must be conscientiously implemented. At the same time, policies and measures that have been proven to be effective in practice must be established in legal form as soon as possible. We must step up the formulation of laws and regulations such as the Basic Law of Agriculture, establish the basic status of agriculture in the national economy, and ensure sustainable, stable, and coordinated development of agriculture.

(38) All walks of life should vigorously support agricultural and rural economic development. All relevant departments should combine their own business, formulate plans for serving agriculture and farmers, and carefully organize their implementation. In the rural grassroots units, all departments handle matters involving the immediate interests of the peasants and the masses. They must make their work systems and results public, accept the supervision of the masses, and resolutely correct unhealthy practices in the industry.

(39) Effectively reduce the burden on farmers. At present, farmers 'extra-tax burden is too heavy, and various apportionments are increasing, which not only directly affects farmers' increase in agricultural inputs, but also seriously damages the relationship between the party and the government and farmers. The provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities must make strict specific regulations based on a comprehensive clean-up of the projects and costs borne by farmers. Rural education, family planning, militia training, preferential treatment, transportation and other civilian office assistance costs, should be proposed by the township government according to the local economic situation, approved by the township people's congress, reported to the county people's government for the record, and strictly enforce the quota , One year, must be used in a coordinated manner, and no additional provisions can be made. In addition, no department or unit shall apportion any expenses to farmers, resolutely stop arbitrary charges, arbitrary allocations, and fines, and cancel all "inspection and evaluation" activities and unrealistic "upgrading activities" that have no name.

(40) The central government called for the whole party to mobilize, attach importance to agriculture, and strengthen agriculture. All localities and departments should widely and deeply publicize the spirit of this decision, put forward clear goals and make specific arrangements in accordance with local and local actual conditions, mobilize the vast number of cadres and masses to persevere in their implementation, and work hard to create a new situation in agriculture and rural work. struggle. ^[1]

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Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Further Strengthening Agriculture and Rural Work

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