What Are the Different Types of Careers in Conservation?

Occupational Safety & Health (also known as "labor safety and health" and "labor protection" in China) is one of the main fields of safety science research, which usually refers to the impact on employees, temporary workers, contract workers, migrants and others in the workplace Conditions and factors of personnel safety and health.

Occupational safety and health

Occupational safety and health: zhí yè n quán wèi shng

United States,

applicability

Audit specifications apply to employers of any size and type, and to a variety of geographic, cultural, and social conditions. Therefore, the audit specifications have broad applicability. Different employers can review the specifications as a general principle, according to their own conditions to achieve the requirements of the occupational safety and health management system elements, the employer's occupational safety and health management system can better meet the actual needs of their safety and health management. ^[2]

In accordance with the requirements of the Work Safety Law, the project will build a safety management system, set up safety agencies, and be equipped with safety management personnel. Establish a sound production safety responsibility system.

1. Establish a safety management system and safety agency

1.1.1 The project has a safety leadership group. The project safety leadership group is the safety management agency for this project (see the safety production responsibility system for responsibilities) and is responsible for the decision-making and management of the safety work of this project.

1.1.2 The project has a safety room and full-time safety personnel.

1.1.3 There should be a part-time safety officer in each construction production team, responsible for the daily safety work of the team.

1.1.4 The project safety officer is led by the manager of this project, and is also under the system leadership and business guidance of the higher-level safety management department.

1.2 Establishing a sound production safety responsibility system

1.2.1 Responsibility Principles: Adhere to the principles of leadership and responsibility, division of labor, hierarchical management, and level-by-level responsibility. That is: Persisting that the project manager is fully responsible for production safety, and the deputy manager in charge of construction and work is directly responsible for work safety.

1.2.2 The project manager department must establish and improve the safety production responsibility system, clarify job responsibilities, strengthen inspection and assessment, and truly achieve leadership responsibility, level-by-level responsibility, departmental responsibility, and post responsibility.

1.2.3 Safe production is everyone's responsibility. During the operation, all employees must strictly abide by the safety production rules and regulations of the project, obey management, wear and use safety protective equipment correctly; find any hidden dangers of accidents or other unsafe factors, and immediately report to the quality inspector or project leader.

1.2.4 Assessment of safety production responsibility system; the project manager department conducts it once a month. Every year or after the construction of the project is completed, a comprehensive safety production assessment is conducted.

2. Safety management and system

The project manager department should establish and improve the rules and regulations, safety responsibility system, and safety operation rules for various types of safety work including driving safety, personal safety, equipment safety, fire safety, and traffic safety in accordance with the actual situation. Carry out and implement, check and evaluate.

3. Comprehensively carry out the construction activities of "safety standard construction site"

The project must implement the "Safety Standard Construction Site Management Standards" formulated by the company, seriously carry out "safety standard construction site" construction activities, and eliminate unqualified construction sites. Promote the improvement of production safety management level by establishing excellent construction sites. As an important safety production indicator, the construction conditions of the safety standard construction site are included in the project's supervision, inspection, and assessment content.

4.Requirements

The project must ensure the input of resources for safety facilities and safety protection supplies, etc. in accordance with the safety management regulations and safety technical measures required by the country and various industries, provide safety protection supplies for workers in time, set up safety protection devices, and urge and educate workers. Wear and use according to the rules of use.

5. Safety measures

Before the project starts, it is necessary to establish people's safety awareness. Safety technical measures that are consistent with the characteristics of the project and practicable must be prepared and issued to all construction workers in a timely manner. Basic safety precautions must be communicated to relevant parties. In the technical details of each single operation, there must be safety measures for construction operations.

6. Adhere to the system of safety education and training and employment with a certificate

6.1 Project leaders and safety full-time (part-time) personnel shall regularly conduct safety education for employees, publicize safety knowledge, and continuously improve the safety awareness and prevention capabilities of employees.

6.2 The project shall organize all employees to study safety technology once a year, conduct examinations, register for the record, and start work after passing the test.

6.3 Provide "three new" personnel at three levels of education in accordance with regulations, conduct training in accordance with the content and requirements set by the state, and fill in the level three education registration form after passing the examination before they are allowed to take up employment.

6.4 The person in charge of the project and the safety production management personnel must take the post of training and assessment of safety production management knowledge at the safety production supervision and management department at or above the provincial level, and hold the post.

6.5 The project employees and temporary workers (migrant workers) must be educated and trained in production safety to ensure that they have knowledge of production safety, are familiar with relevant production safety rules and regulations, and safe operating procedures, and master the safety operation skills of the post. Personnel who have not passed safety education and training and passed the examination are strictly forbidden to work.

6.6 Special operations personnel must undergo special operation training according to national regulations and obtain special operation qualification certificates before they can start work. The company is responsible for organizing the training of guards, linemen and crossing guards for the construction of business lines. After passing the examination, the company will issue a certificate and hold a post. It is strictly forbidden for personnel who have not obtained relevant qualification certificates to engage in special operations.

6.7 In the construction, when adopting new technologies, new processes, new materials or using new equipment, it is necessary to understand and master the safety technology characteristics, adopt effective safety protection measures, and conduct special safety production education and training for operators before they Can work.

6.8 Before the start of each single item (or unit) project, the project manager department shall conduct a general safety education for all construction personnel in accordance with the specific conditions of the project, and then issue safety technical measures and delivery in a timely manner in accordance with the construction stage and process requirements. .

7.Danger source identification and risk control

7.1 The project must register and file major sources of danger in production and operation activities, and conduct regular inspections, evaluations and monitoring; it must formulate safety emergency plans, train all personnel on relevant prevention knowledge, and conduct emergency drills so that Be familiar with emergency measures to be taken in an emergency.

7.2 Set up clear and standardized safety warning signs on production and operation sites, equipment and facilities where there are major risk factors.

8. Establish a safety evaluation management system for qualified subcontractors

8.1 It is strictly forbidden to subcontract or subcontract construction projects to units or individuals without safety production conditions or corresponding business qualifications; it is strictly forbidden to lease business sites, machinery and equipment to units or individuals without safety production conditions or corresponding business qualifications.

8.2 For subcontracting, subcontracting or leasing, contracting and leasing contracts must be signed. The contract must stipulate safety production management responsibilities, clarify safety responsibilities and obligations, and strengthen the supervision and inspection and management of safety production work of subcontractors and lessees.

8.3 The labor subcontracting team must have corresponding business qualifications and safety qualification certificates, and comprehensive evaluation of their qualifications and capabilities. Those who pass the evaluation must establish a list of qualified subcontractors. Those who have not passed the evaluation are strictly prohibited from using them.

9. Strengthening construction management control of business lines

9.1 Business line construction safety management and control includes construction line business equipment construction operations, blockage of transfer lines, protection, maintenance and repair, bridge erection, box and culvert jacking, railcar operation, lanes and other constructions that pose a threat to traffic safety operation.

9.2 During the construction of the railway business line, the relevant regulations on the safety management of the business line construction of the Ministry of Railways and the railway bureau where the construction is located must be strictly implemented, and a "safety agreement" must be signed with each transportation equipment management unit, and the construction can be started only after the "construction permit" is processed. Incomplete construction is strictly prohibited.

9.3 During the construction of the business line, relevant procedures must be handled in strict accordance with the Running Rules of the Ministry of Railways, and strictly implemented in accordance with the provisions of the Technical Rules for Construction Safety of each specialty. In the construction of the railway electrification section, it shall be handled in strict accordance with the requirements of the "Electrified Railway Safety Rules".

10.Safety management of special equipment and safety protection equipment

10.1 Special equipment refers to mechanical equipment with high safety requirements and prone to safety accidents. It includes: boilers, pressure vessels, various types of lifting machinery, plant vehicles (including rail cars), etc.

10.2 The safety management of special equipment should carefully implement the relevant regulations and rules of the State and the Ministry of Railways, such as the Special Equipment Safety Supervision Regulations Order No. 373 of the State Council, Railway Management Rules Rail Transport [1999] No. 146, and other relevant countries and the Ministry of Railways. Safe to use.

10.3 The purchase and installation of special equipment shall be handled in accordance with relevant regulations after filing with the Ministry of Safety and Quality.

10.4 The inspection and overhaul plan of special equipment must be reported to the company's materials and equipment department by the equipment management department or the user unit, and the installation and inspection unit should be installed and verified by a professionally qualified installation and inspection unit. It can be put into use only after the safety use certificate or inspection of the safety signs. The inspection shall be carried out in a timely manner. Those failing to comply with the regulations or failing the inspection shall not be put into use.

10.5 It is forbidden to lease or lease special equipment. When the special equipment is discarded, the license and license shall be returned to the Materials and Equipment Department and reported to the Safety and Quality Department for the record.

10.6 The operation of special equipment is a special operation. Operators must participate in training and auditing in accordance with regulations and obtain valid certificates issued by authorized departments before they can hold the permits to work.

10.7 Strictly implement regular inspection and inspection of safety equipment

10.7.1 The installation, use, testing, and maintenance of safety production equipment must be carried out in strict accordance with national or industry standards, and inspection must be conducted at prescribed intervals.

10.7.2 Safety equipment must be regularly maintained, maintained, and regularly maintained to ensure its normal operation. And carefully make relevant records.

11. Management of occupational disease prevention

11.1 The health of the practitioners and their related rights and interests shall be protected to prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases.

11.2 The prevention and treatment of occupational diseases shall comply with the laws and regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, the Measures for the Investigation and Handling of Occupational Disease Hazards, Ministry of Health Order No. 25, and the Measures for the Administration of Declaration of Occupational Disease Hazards, Ministry of Health Order No. 21.

11.3 Diseases caused by workers' exposure to dust, radioactive, toxic and harmful substances should be treated with extreme accumulation of tissues.

11.4 The declaration and treatment of occupational diseases and hazards should be actively carried out. Before the start of each project in the project manager's department, occupational hazards should be identified in accordance with regulations. Report occupational hazard items to the health supervision agency and submit a list of medical examiners to the occupational disease department. Hazardous items shall be declared truthfully, and the hazardous items shall be detected and treated in a timely manner. Relevant personnel shall be organized to conduct health inspections before, during and after leaving the post.

12. Management of chemical dangerous goods and civilian explosives

Handling, storage, and use of flammable, explosive, and chemical dangerous goods must strictly implement national and industry standards, establish a special safety management system, adopt reliable safety measures, and do a good job of identification and isolation to ensure safe use.

13. Management of fire protection work

13.1 Offices, construction sites, production workshops, production bases, bases, storage areas, living areas, etc. within the project management shall conscientiously implement the Fire Protection Law, establish a safety fire prevention leading group, establish a voluntary fire brigade, prepare fire prevention supplies, and do a good job of fire safety Prepare the plan, do a good job in fire drills, identify the places with large fire factors and fire equipment, and ensure that the fire facilities are intact and equipped.

13.2 Unauthorized private fires are strictly prohibited. All fire sources must be under effective control and management to prevent fires.

13.3 Strengthen the management of traffic safety: We must conscientiously implement the Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China, establish management methods and safety systems for transportation equipment, regularly maintain all types of people and transportation vehicles, and carefully implement traffic regulations To ensure transportation safety and reduce accidents.

14. Do a good job of labor protection

It is necessary to conscientiously do a good job in labor protection, formulate and implement the "Measures for the Administration of Labor Protection Supplies", set up safety protection facilities in accordance with regulations, timely issue labor protection supplies, and protect the rights and interests of workers.

15.Security inspection

15.1 Periodic inspection

15.1.1 The project organizes monthly inspections;

15.1.2 The project's security inspectors organize inspections every tenth;

15.1.3 The project shall organize various regular safety inspections in accordance with the requirements of superiors, periodic activities and production characteristics;

15.1.4 Regular and periodic inspections shall be organized, purposeful, planned and summarized.

15.2 Random Inspection

15.2.1 The project safety inspectors conduct regular inspections in the pipeline;

15.2.2 Inspections shall be recorded.

15.3 For the problems found in the safety inspection, the following measures shall be taken to rectify within a time limit, and the results shall be checked and accepted.

15.3.1 order immediate correction;

15.3.2 Issue safety notices and instructions;

15.3.3 notification and exposure;

15.3.4 economic punishment;

15.3.5 Stop work for rectification.

16. Accident Management

16.1 The management of various types of accidents must comply with the Order No. 75 of the State Council of the People's Republic of China on "Procedures for Reporting and Handling of Injury and Accidents of Enterprise Employees" and China Railway Engineering Corporation [2004] No. 86 "Regulations on Labor Safety and Health Supervision and Administration of China Railway Engineering Corporation (Trial) , China Railway Ninth Bureau Group Corporation's production safety management measures (trial), Ministry of Railways Rules for Handling Railway Accidents and Rules for Handling Accidents of Railway Enterprises and other regulations and rules.

16.2 Scope of accidents: traffic accidents, personal injuries, mechanical equipment accidents; fires, explosions, boilers, pressure vessels, traffic accidents, occupational diseases and poisoning accidents.

16.3 Reporting of Incidents

16.3.1 When various accidents occur, they shall be reported in a timely manner in accordance with the provisions of the accident report.

16.3.2 Reporting methods: After the accident, the person in charge of the accident unit must implement a 24-hour reporting system to report the accident profile to the company's leaders, the competent department and the shift dispatcher in the fastest way, and then the responsible department should timely report to the supervisor and superior supervisor department. The accident unit should protect the scene of the accident. To save the wounded and prevent the accident from expanding, record, mark or take pictures when the objects on the scene need to be transferred.

16.3.3 The project's security department shall report the monthly statement and summary in a timely manner as required.

16.4 Accident Investigation

16.4.1 After various types of accidents occur, they shall be investigated and handled according to the accident management authority. Accidents investigated by superior organizations shall be coordinated with investigations in a timely manner. 16.4.2 Responsibilities of the accident investigation team a) to find out the cause of the accident, the process of its occurrence, the loss of life, damage to materials and equipment, and the economic losses; b) to determine the nature and responsibilities of the accident; c) to propose opinions and preventive measures for the accident; Write an accident investigation report.

16.4.3 The accident investigation team shall have the right to investigate the relevant situation, consult and obtain relevant information from the unit, department, and personnel who had the accident. No unit, department, or person may refuse. The preventive measures proposed by the accident investigation team to prevent similar accidents are organized and implemented by the accident unit, and the higher-level safety supervision (supervision) department is responsible for checking the implementation.

16.5 Accident Investigation and Handling

16.5.1 The company is responsible for closing the case of minor injuries and general accidents. The data of the case is reviewed by the company and reported to the competent department of the group company;

16.5.2 The company shall be responsible for the settlement of injuries, serious injuries, and traffic accidents involving many people. Settle the case and report it to the group company;

16.5.3 Fatal accidents, major traffic accidents, major fire accidents, and major fire accidents shall be investigated and closed by the group company. The safety supervision (supervision) department at the next higher level has the power to make comments, suggestions, and corrections when there is something wrong with the accident process, cause analysis, and handling opinions in the accident investigation and treatment report submitted by the next level.

16.5.4 Road traffic, fire accidents, and poisoning accidents shall be investigated and dealt with by the public security, fire prevention, and epidemic prevention departments, and the responsibility certificate and the results of the accident shall be reported to the company's safety and quality department for the record.

17. Regular safety meeting system

Various meetings should be convened in time for safety work. The meetings are divided into regular and irregular meetings.

17.1 Regular meetings

17.1.1 The project shall convene a meeting every tenth (or month), chaired by the project manager, raise safety issues, identify safety priorities, and formulate control measures; 17.1.2 The construction team shall arrange daily work meetings in conjunction with the actual construction production, Implement the focus and protective measures for safety work.

17.2 Regular meetings

17.2.1 Handover meeting: When general accidents, personal injuries, major hidden dangers, and slumps in safety management occur in the project, the person in charge of the unit will organize relevant personnel to shift to the company, summarize experiences and lessons, and formulate specific preventive measures;

17.2.2 Various safety accidents of the project shall be convened in due course with the leadership team of the project, chaired by the project manager, the meeting shall report the situation and the accident investigation report, and propose opinions or decisions on accident handling;

17.2.3 The competent department holds safety meetings and on-site meetings from time to time, communicates and implements the requirements of higher-level documents and telecommunications, deploys periodic work requirements, summarizes and exchanges experiences, and establishes a typical production safety model.

17.6.4 The contents of various safety regular meetings shall be recorded in detail and be filled out by the full-time safety personnel.

18. Establish reward and punishment system for production safety

The project shall establish a safety reward and punishment mechanism, and formulate "provisions on reward and punishment for safety in production"; the safety reward and punishment shall adhere to the principle of law enforcement, the combination of spiritual encouragement and material rewards, and the principle of education as the primary and punishment as the supplement. Units and individuals who have achieved success in construction and production safety work are awarded commendations, and those responsible for violations of laws and regulations, disciplines, and various hidden dangers, dangers, and accidents are subject to economic punishment and administrative sanctions, until criminal responsibility is investigated according to law.

19. Carry out the appraisal of "safety standard construction site"

The work of "safety standard site construction" is an effective measure, a good carrier and a reliable way to do a good job of safety work in construction and production. The "Safety Standard Construction Site Management Measures" formulated by the Group Company stipulates clear requirements for various safety work at the construction site, and the project shall be carefully implemented during construction and production. Regular safety inspections of the project shall be carried out conscientiously. The safety work standards shall be quantified and the performance of safety work shall be measured and evaluated according to the contents of the inspection and evaluation. 20 If these Measures conflict with relevant laws, rules, orders, and regulations promulgated by the state and superiors, they shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant regulations promulgated by the state and superiors.