What Are the Different Types of Cello Jobs?

Violins can be broadly divided into violin, viola, cello, and double bass. These four stringed instruments have many similarities, such as appearance names, but there are even more to mention the differences, such as size, Playing style and so on. To trace its origin from the sounding principle of this bowed stringed instrument, it should be the singing and dancing of the primitive ancestors after hunting or victory in the war, inspired by the sound of the bowed string and producing the earliest stringed instrument. Then, due to the different length, thickness, and tension of the strings, there are different sound effects, and then two strings (such as erhu), three strings (such as three strings), four strings (such as fiddle), and five strings (such as some Big bass), six strings (such as guitars), eight strings (such as mandolin) and a wide variety of string instruments.

[tí qín]

Stringed instrument Huqin.

Ming Xiling Chang's "Hibiscus Shadow · Spring Preserves": "This is

If you want to find some traces of evolution in the history of violin instruments, then its ancestors should be with Ravanastron in Sri Lanka, Rabab in Arabia, and Croks in Central Asia. Kamantche,

The world's two best recognized models today are:

The characteristics of the keyboard are: the upper part of the piano is narrow and small, the lower part is wider, and the middle part is slightly deeper. The piano board is wide and flat, with minimal radian, thick in the middle, and gradually expands to thin all around. The thinnest part is near the side, and the panel is moderately thick, so it is easy to vibrate. The stylophone has a strong and powerful pronunciation, loud sound, beautiful timbre, and excellent transmission effect. People often use round, subtle, rich and pure words to describe its tone.

The characteristics of the melon piano are: the arc of the piano board is not large and flat, the thickness of the middle panel and the surroundings are slightly different, the upper and middle parts of the piano are wider than the piano, and the middle waist is round but not deep. The corner of the piano does not protrude like a piano, the lower part of the piano is narrower, the sound holes are longer and the style is unique, the head is larger and the style is majestic, because the melons only pay attention to the sound of the piano, so the piano's The appearance is slightly inferior to the Sri Lankan style, but the vibrator is strong and powerful, the pronunciation is deep and loud, and the transmission effect is particularly good. Yuehe makes violin only in Sri Lankan and melon style.

Craft

The violin making process is very demanding, so mechanical processing can only produce the cheapest ordinary pianos. All good pianos are handmade. Please pay attention to the following points when choosing:

Whether the overall lines are smooth and uniform, and the edges and corners are moderate;

Whether the glued sides of the side panel and the surface and back panel are neat, wide and narrow;

Whether the head and fingerboard are upright;

Whether the height of the fingerboard is correct (after adjusting the string, the outer arc of the lower end of the fingerboard and the middle gap of the panel are 21 mm ± 1);

Whether the back plate pattern is symmetrical (for advanced pianos);

Whether the arc of the plate surface and the position of the sound hole are symmetrical;

Whether the seam gluing is tight and there is no black line;

Whether the inlay line is neat, the paint color is elegant, clean, the surface is smooth and bright, the gloss is transparent, and the wood grain is exposed;

Whether the body of the piano is glued firmly is the easiest way to hold the neck firmly with one hand, and gently tap around the body panel with the knuckles of the other hand, and listen to the sound made by it. That is, the glue is in good condition. If the sound of the shell is emitted, it is proved that there is a degumming phenomenon.

For advanced violins, oil-soluble natural resin varnishes should be used. For medium and ordinary violins, alcohol-soluble natural resin varnishes and synthetic resin varnishes can be used.

Strings

When you buy a violin, your first question is: how to choose? What is good? Although such a question cannot be answered concisely, but as long as you can do it carefully according to the methods we teach you below, the possibility of you paying high prices for defective products will be greatly reduced. Generally speaking, the violin must not only have production knowledge, be able to understand its process, but also have certain performance skills in order to proceed item by item in terms of materials, production and sound quality. The violin is known as the "Queen of Musical Instruments" abroad. One

Type of fiddle (4 photos)

A violin of good quality should meet the following basic requirements: strict selection of materials, smooth and uniform texture of the panel, white color and elasticity; the back and neck materials are tight and the pattern is obvious, and the back pattern is best Regularly and symmetrically arranged, commonly known as "tiger pattern piano". The craftsmanship is exquisite, the body line is symmetrical, the outline is clear, and the shape is beautiful; the handle is upright, the midpoint of the handle should be in line with the midpoint of the body, and the body is firmly glued; The sound is beautiful, the sound quality is pure and clear, no noise, husky or woody sound; the tone is beautiful, clear, harmonious and pleasant; the sound of each sound zone is balanced and coherent; the volume is loud. In order to buy a satisfactory violin, you must have a certain knowledge of violin and music theory. The following briefly introduces the relevant knowledge of fiddle.

Panel: Use fish scale spruce. Fish scale spruce has many characteristics compared to other woods, mainly including:

The texture itself is firm and light. The texture of the annual rings (spring wood) is very soft, but its annual rings (textured autumn wood) are very hard and elastic, which can resist the pressure of the strings and easily vibrate. So it has the best acoustic performance.

The sound transmission speed is faster and more elastic than other wood-conducted vibrations. Its down grain sound transmission speed reaches 5166 meters per second, which is more than 14 times faster than the speed of sound in the air (350 meters per second), so Able to use the violin with sensitive pronunciation and good results.

It can produce a damping effect on the pronunciation of high frequency (3000-5000 cycles / second or more). (The damping effect refers to the disappearance of vibration in the wood, which is caused by the friction between wood molecules.) This is unmatched by other woods. The damping effect of fish scale spruce can increase with the frequency, and it has a small damping effect on the low-frequency sounds, and it has a strong damping effect on the high-frequency overtones that are not suitable for violin (that is, those that are not in harmony with the pitch) , Make them weaken, so that the piano sounds pleasant.

The texture of the high-grade piano should be upright, dense and even, and the fibrous tissue must be tight, soft and elastic, and no scars, resin capsules and repairs are allowed. The number of annual rings in the middle of a fish scale spruce panel is preferably 5-8 divisions per centimeter, and the maximum width of the annual ring on the side does not exceed 3 mm. Within the adjacent 20 mm range, the annual ring width should not change more than 1.5 mm. The width of the annual rings of the entire panel should not be greater than 2 mm, and the percentage of autumn wood in each annual ring should not be greater than 30%. The width of the autumn wood between the annual rings of the entire panel should be similar. Practice has proved that: the texture distance is 2 mm and the uniform pronunciation is the best. The key to the quality of the violin sound is the choice of the panel. Out of the relentless pursuit of the perfect sound of the violin, the panels used by the high-end violin made by Lark Bird Violin Company are not only strictly selected and tested, but also must be high-quality fish scale spruces that have been naturally dried for more than ten years, and a small amount of natural drying. Fifty years of good materials, but due to the increasing shortage of resources, more than 50 years of old materials are difficult to obtain.

Intermediate violin texture is upright, dense and uniform, no scars, resin capsules and repairs are allowed.

The texture of the ordinary violin is generally upright and uniform, allowing a small amount of scar nodes, resin capsules and inlays. The board must be cut in diameter, and the wood should be healthy, of good quality, with trimmed skin and heart removed.

The allowable range of wood defect of each grade of violin is as follows:

Fiddle Grade	Advanced violin	Intermediate Violin	Ordinary violin
Twill	No more than 1% of length	No more than 1% of length	No more than 2% of length
Swirly	Not allowed	Not allowed	No more than 2
The maximum bending deflection vector of annual ring bending does not exceed the length of the bending part	Not more than 1%	Not more than 2%	Not more than 5%
Partially widened annual rings	Not allowed	No more than 2	No more than 2
Discoloration	Not allowed	Not allowed	Non-corrosive natural and chemical discoloration, should not be exposed after painting, the color of the two panels should be reconciled

Grades of Fiddle:

The bass beam, sound column, head and tail wood, horn wood and lining (all in the belly of the piano) should be made of the same quality as the panel, and can be viewed through the f-hole

Backplane

Use hard and elastic maple and colored wood of the family Aceraceae. The characteristics of these woods are:

Easy to vibrate, rapid sound transmission, damping effect on high frequency noise

The texture is fine and the appearance is beautiful. After cutting, it will show a beautiful horizontal pattern (Tabby).

The selection criteria should be the same as the panel. Use healthy wood. Some people like to use wood grain curling material to make the backboard. More violin users mistakenly believe that the more the backboard is, the better the piano is. The reason is Most musicians like to use a beautiful-looking back plate with a good acoustic performance panel. In fact, as far as the back plate is concerned, the wood grain curling material is not as good as the wood grain straight material. Pros and cons are judged by its sound. I have seen several famous pianos collected in Japan. The backboard has no pattern, and the sawing is very casual. There are even a few famous pianos with several small scars on the backboard, but the sound of the piano is wonderful. The role of the backsheet varies. I think the important thing is whether the tree is old, the grain width is uniform, the material is healthy, the color is uniform, and the natural drying time is long enough. Although the back plate plays a less important role in the entire violin than the face plate, it still has a certain effect. It makes the violin have a fixed air volume.

When the panel vibrates, the back plate also vibrates through the conduction of the air column, the side plate and the air in the piano, so that the sound of the piano is strengthened, especially the sound of the G and D strings is strong and powerful. A lot of power comes from the four strings. Experiments have shown that if the violin is not equipped with a back plate (and therefore no air capacity), only a wooden bar is installed at the original back plate position and the sound column is supported between the panel and the wooden bar. That changed. In addition, although the vibration of the back plate itself is weak, it also radiates sound waves in the high-frequency sound range. The difference in the thickness of the back plate and whether it fits properly with the panel will affect the sound quality of the violin. These all illustrate the importance of the back plate.

The back panel is also the same as the panel. It uses the double-width counter-practice method. It is also common to use a single-sheet backing material. This is because the material can cut the veneer when the material is selected due to the large tree body. It must be noted that The competition or the use of a single plate does not have much influence on the sound of the piano. The head and side plates should use the same material as the back plate. The allowable range of wood defects for the back panel is the same as for the panel. The side plate, head and code are made of the same wood as the back plate.