What Are the Different Types of Jobs in Linguistics?

Type linguistics is one of the branches of linguistics. Study the structural similarity between languages to establish a suitable taxonomy or typology discipline for various languages. Because of the type comparison, it is different from the historical comparison of languages-the task of comparing linguistics and historical linguistics; the classification results of type comparisons are not necessarily consistent with the classification made by historical methods. For example, from the perspective of lack of inflectional morphology, English is closer in type to Chinese than Latin. ^[1]

Typology

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Great contributions to the study of language types are WF Humboldt in Germany, E. Sapir, R. Jacobson and JH Greenberg in the United States, and S. Ullmann in the United Kingdom (1914-1976) Wait. Classification of Languages by Features As far back as the early 19th century, German linguist F.von Schlegel (1772 ~ 1829) divided the languages of the world into three major types, namely, isolation, adhesion, and inflection. Later, Humboldt added a codification or polysemy.

Isolated languages include Chinese,

The dichotomy of the above language type is useful because it can point out some basic characteristics of the language. But this is only a general division, and it is not very strict and accurate. There are also many differences between languages of the same type. Some languages also have several types of features, such as some verbs in English, which have multiple forms

For languages, except words as above

The following are just some of the more general phenomena. Voice. Every language has

Human language is a signal system, and animals such as bees and monkeys also have their own signal systems. The following main features set human language apart from other animal signaling systems. All living languages are composed of discrete units, both in terms of sound and meaning; they are open; they can express new content in the old form; they can speak both real and virtual situations; Talk about things and sights that are out of sight.

There are various connections between various features within a language; language features also change over time. The relationship between features. Some linguists have proposed "involvement rules". For example, if a language has a stopper (such as t) and a stop fricative (such as ), there must be a fricative (such as s); if there is a round lip vowel (such as y), there must be a round lip vowel Sound (such as u, o). But the opposite is not true. If a language is object + verb type, usually use postpositions, such as Japanese; if it is verb + object type, usually use prepositions, such as English. If there are words representing similar positions, it can usually be used to indicate "about" and "close", such as "close" in Chinese "close to three o'clock", Latin ad, English about, around, Russian , Danish omkring , French vers, etc. The trend of language evolution. In the history of Chinese language, the tongue roots k, k ', x before the previous vowel i, y have been dysfunctionalized, but the vowels before the vowels and u have not been converted. A similar phenomenon has been observed in the history of languages such as English, Russian, French, Latin, Italian, Spanish, German, and Sanskrit. In terms of morphology, there are many language nouns in Indo-European and Semitic languages that gradually lose their endings, but verb endings are not easy to disappear. Old English adjectives have five cases, and modern English adjectives no longer have the case category. The form of the word changes from simple to inflectional, from inflectional to isolated. This kind of phenomenon is the research object of diachronic typology. Significance of language type studies Scholars hope that through language type studies, they can discover the trend of language evolution, reveal the characteristics of human language, and then explore human-specific ways of thinking, and reveal the relationship between language and historical and cultural backgrounds. It can also help to construct the original language, improve foreign language teaching, create artificial intelligence, and study language types.