What Are the Different Types of Jobs in Maritime Security?

A functional body set up by a state authority to implement national laws and international agreements on maritime safety in its own port area, territorial sea, marine pollution prevention zone and exclusive economic waters. Maritime safety agencies have the right to inspect, detain, fine and expel ships and individuals that violate laws and regulations in their jurisdictions. They can send the parties to the judiciary for trial. At the same time, they are responsible for conducting shipwrecks in the jurisdiction and the adjacent high seas in accordance with their international obligations. Rescue work. Due to the different national systems of different countries, the principles, policies and laws of maritime safety work are different, and the size and scope of maritime safety agencies are also different.

Maritime Safety Agency

National ports set up in national ports, territorial seas, marine pollution prevention zones and the exclusive economy

maritime safety agency

The earliest maritime security agency in the world was the United States Coast Guard, which was established in 1790. It was called the anti-smuggling team in the early days, and later it was renamed the patrol. It was renamed in 1915. The largest maritime safety agency in Asia is the Japan Maritime Security Agency, which was established in 1948.

Almighty maritime security agencies include the U.S. Coast Guard, the Canadian Coast Guard, and the Japan Coast Guard. Their tasks usually include: maritime patrol, search and rescue, and maritime traffic control; maintaining port areas and maritime order; preventing port areas and maritime pollution; protecting marine resources; preventing port areas and maritime disasters; managing navigation beacons; engaging in electronic navigation, satellite navigation, and Issue navigational warnings; observe marine weather, monitor drift ice and icebergs; measure waterways and specific waters; undertake international maritime safety affairs. In some countries, such as the United States, maritime safety agencies manage ship inspections and undertake some research on the law of the sea and marine science. Some countries, such as Japan, Iceland, the United States, and Latin American countries, have listed smuggling and smuggling as regular tasks of maritime security agencies.

Maritime security agencies were mostly led by the customs and finance and trade departments in the early days. Now they can be classified into four categories according to their affiliation: led by the Ministry of Transportation and Transportation, such as the United States Coast Guard, the Canadian Coast Guard, and the Japan Maritime Security Agency; Leaders of the Navy or the Ministry of Defense, such as the Maritime Guard of the Federal Republic of Germany, and the Danish Security Supervision Department; Directed by the Ministry of Public Security, such as the Coast Border Guard of the German Democratic Republic, the Polish Coast Guard; Directly established by the state, such as the Nicaraguan country The Maritime Guard, the Honduras Coast Guard, and the Icelandic Coast Guard have only armed boats to perform patrols, search and rescue, fisheries protection, smuggling and smuggling.

Some countries have established comprehensive joint maritime security agencies. For example, Australia has set up a coastal alert center under the Ministry of Transport. The naval, air force, trade, customs, health and quarantine agencies and other agencies jointly undertake maritime security and import and export epidemic prevention work.

Maritime security agencies can undertake maritime alert, search and rescue, disaster prevention, and other support to the navy during wartime. The U.S. Coast Guard is one of five national services (Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, Coast Guard) during wartime.

As early as 1953, the Ministry of Communications of the People's Republic of China set up a "port supervision agency" in coastal ports to supervise the implementation of national laws and regulations on maritime traffic safety on behalf of the government, and to formulate specific management regulations. The main duties of the port supervision are to be responsible for ship supervision and inspection, maintenance of water traffic order, supervision of navigation mark status, organization of shipwreck assistance, handling of maritime affairs and issue of navigation warnings. The Law of the People's Republic of China on Maritime Traffic Safety, which came into effect on January 1, 1984, stipulates that the People's Republic of China Port Authority is the competent authority to implement unified supervision and management of traffic safety in coastal waters. Maritime law and order, anti-smuggling, fishery resources protection, and marine environment monitoring are the responsibility of the Ministry of Public Security, the Customs, the Ministry of Agriculture, and the State Oceanic Administration.

In order to coordinate and unify the country's existing maritime search and rescue forces, the China Maritime Search and Rescue Center composed of relevant military and political departments was established on April 1, 1974.

At present, China still does not have a unified maritime security agency. Apart from the navy, other agencies with maritime law enforcement or security investigation authority include:

1. Maritime Safety Administration (Hong Kong Supervision Administration), managed by the Ministry of Transport;

2. Maritime surveillance agency, under the system of the State Oceanic Administration;

3. Anti-smuggling bureau, which belongs to the customs system;

4. The Maritime Police Force is affiliated with the Public Security Border Guard Force;

5. The fishery administration is under the system of the Ministry of Agriculture.

Some maritime countries have established civil maritime security organizations to assist government agencies in their work. They are non-profit and enjoy the status of legal persons. Civil maritime safety organizations currently include the Japan Shipwreck Prevention Association, the Federal Republic of Germany Shipwreck Rescue Association, the British Royal Lifeboat Association, and the North-South Dutch Lifeboat Association. There are similar civil organizations in France and Spain. The Japan Shipwreck Prevention Association has a wide scope of work and also trains safety management personnel of small and medium shipping companies. In addition, British citizens volunteer to serve as auxiliary members of the British Coast Guard. There are about 6,400 people each year. In 1981, the United States Coast Guard had 45,000 volunteer members. Female members accounted for 25%.