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One of the basic ethics that should be followed by journalists and propaganda workers, is one of the professional ethics of intellectuals. The professional code of journalists was first systematically compiled in the early 1920s. The codes of journalism in different countries vary in form and scope.

Journalist

In China, the purpose of journalists is to serve the party,

(1) Love the party and the socialist motherland, adhere to the four basic principles, and adhere to the unity of the party and the people of the news;

(2) Adhere to the authenticity of the news, be faithful to the facts, do not engage in false reports, use the people's interests as the criterion, publicize the party's policies, reflect the voice of the masses, and overcome the subjective tendencies in news reports;

(3) enthusiastically sang justice and light, exposed evil and darkness relentlessly, presided over justice, insisted on justice, did not fear any pressure, and maintained close contact with the masses at all times;

(4) Strictly require yourself to be honest and fair, do not take advantage of work for personal gain, do not use pages for trading, endure hardships and hardships, go deep into the grassroots, have a good sense of journalism, and observe journalistic discipline;

(5) Serve the readers with enthusiasm, provide manuscripts that are beneficial to physical and mental health, be willing to be unknown heroes, respect each other, and learn from each other;

(6) Study the basic theories of Marxism and the Party's line, principles and policies, establish communist ideals and beliefs, master rich scientific and cultural knowledge, strengthen professional cultivation, and be willing to dedicate yourself to journalism.

For many years, foreign journalists have had many written professional codes. They melt the goals and ideals they pursue. They strictly followed these professional ethics norms, protected the lofty nature of journalism, and strengthened the trust and respect of the people. Here are some of the typical codes and statements, which are worth learning and reference for every Chinese journalist.

Professional Journalist Association (SPJ) Code of Professional Ethics (English version attached)

Established in September 1996

introduction

Members of the Professional Journalists Association believe that public enlightenment is a pioneer of justice and a cornerstone of democracy. The duty of a journalist is to achieve the purpose of enlightening the public by pursuing truth and providing a comprehensive and fair account of events and issues. Responsible journalists from all specialized fields and media work hard to serve the public thoroughly and faithfully. Professional integrity is the foundation of journalists' credibility. As a result, members of the Association have a common understanding of professional ethical behavior and adopt this code as a statement of the Association's practice principles and standards.

Seeking truth and reporting

Journalists should be faithful, fair and courageous in gathering coverage and reporting information.

Journalists should:

Check the accuracy of the information from all sources and be careful to avoid unintentional errors. Never intentionally distort.

Efforts to find the subject of the report and give them the opportunity to respond to the alleged wrongdoing.

Whenever possible, indicate the source of the message. The public should have as much information as possible to judge the reliability of the source.

Always ask about the motivation of the source before promising to keep the source anonymous. Be clear about every possible situation in the commitments made in exchange for information, and keep your promises once committed.

Make sure that the titles, guides, and other prominently processed materials, photos, audiovisuals, diagrams, sounds, and seals are not misrepresented.

Avoid misleading in paraphrasing and continuous reporting. If it is necessary to report a story from another media, this can be done, but it must be clearly marked.

Do not use secret or eavesdropping methods to obtain information unless traditional public methods cannot obtain information that is vital to the public. If such an approach is used, it should be stated in the report.

Never plagiarize.

Bravely report on the diversity and breadth of human experience, although these experiences may not always be available.

Check your own cultural values and avoid imposing them on others.

When observing people, do not be framed by such factors as ethnicity, gender, age, religion, race, geography, sexual orientation, disability, appearance or social status.

Support open exchange of opinions, even if they are offensive.

Make silent people speak; official and unofficial messages are treated with the same value.

Make a clear distinction between advocacy articles and news reports. Analytical articles and comments should be clearly marked to avoid confusion with facts and report text.

Distinguish between advertising and news to avoid hybrid articles that blur the boundaries between the two.

Recognize your special mission and ensure that public affairs are handled publicly and that government records are publicly accessible.

Reduce damage

Professional journalists see news sources, interviewees, and colleagues as respectable people.

Journalists should:

Sympathize with those who may be negatively affected by news coverage. Be especially careful when facing children and inexperienced news sources or news subjects.

Take special care when interviewing and using photos of people who are being sad.

Recognize that gathering and reporting information can cause harm and discomfort. Reporting news doesn't mean you can be arrogant.

Recognize that ordinary people have more rights to hold information about themselves than public officials and others who seek power, influence, and hope to attract attention. It is only when there is a very pressing public need to intrude into anyone's private domain to obtain information.

High grade. Avoid catering to any low-level taste.

Be very cautious when pointing out juvenile suspects or victims of sexual crimes.

Be very cautious when identifying suspects before formal complaint documents are available.

Find a balance between the right of the public to be informed and the right of suspects to a fair trial.

Act independently

Beyond the public's right to information, journalists should not be held responsible for any other interest.

Journalists should:

Avoid conflicts between your own interests and interviews, whether they are real or possible.

Do not participate in any organization or activity that may harm your fairness and credibility.

If it will hurt journalists' integrity, reject all gifts, benefits, expenses, free travel and special treatment, and avoid secondary occupations, political involvement, work in public offices or community agencies.

If these conflicts are inevitable, expose them.

Bravely demand responsibility from those who have power.

Reject advertisers' generous treatment and special interests, and resist their pressure to influence news reports.

Be wary of news sources providing information for the benefit or money, and avoid the psychology of seeking news.

Credible

Journalists are credible in the eyes of their readers, listeners, and viewers.

Journalists should:

Clarify and explain news reports and invite public dialogue on the behavior of the press.

Encourage the public to voice their dissatisfaction with the news media.

Recognize mistakes and correct them quickly.

Expose unethical behavior of journalists and news media.

Follow their high demands on others.

(English version is attached)

This document was adopted as a "Journalist Code" in 1922, revised in 1975, and renamed the "Statement of Principles".

l Introduction

The First Amendment protects freedom of speech from any legal deprivation, guarantees the constitutional right of people to express their opinions through the media, and therefore gives newspaper workers a special mission. Therefore, in addition to the industry and knowledge requirements of journalists, journalists also need to meet the special mission of journalists in the pursuit of integrity. To this end, the American Newspaper Editors Association has developed this Statement of Principles as the highest standard of professional performance and work ethics.

l Article

responsibility. The original purpose of collecting and disseminating news and opinions was to serve the public interest and inform them of the situation so that they could judge the situation at the time. Journalists who abuse the power of their professional workers for personal self-interest or worthless purposes will live up to public trust. The U.S. news media is free, not only to inform the public, or to serve as a forum for debate, but also to enable independent checks on the power of society, including the behavior of officials at all levels of government.

l Article 2

Freedom of the press. Freedom of the press belongs to the people. Freedom of the press must be protected from erosion and destruction by any public or private group. Journalists must be vigilant and pay attention to whether public affairs are discussed and resolved in public. They must fight bravely any attempt to use the news media for their own personal gain.

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Independence. Journalists must avoid any apparent or substantial inappropriate, apparent or substantial conflicts of interest. They should neither accept anything, nor participate in any activity that seems likely to harm their integrity.

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Real and accurate. Good trust from readers is the foundation of good journalism. Every effort should be made to ensure that the news is accurate, free from prejudice, and express the opinions of all parties in a balanced manner. Editorials, analytical articles, and comments should have the same accuracy as the facts in the report. Serious factual errors, and errors resulting from negligence, should be corrected quickly and prominently.

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just. Fairness does not mean that the news media should not be questioned or should not issue editorials. However, it requires the media to draw a clear line between readers and news reports. Articles with opinions and personal opinions should be clearly identified.

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Justice. Journalists should respect the rights of the people being reported, abide by ordinary decent standards, and be accountable to the public for the accuracy and justice of their reports. Those charged publicly should be given the opportunity to respond at the earliest possible time. Ensuring the confidentiality of news sources comes at a cost, and should not be easily promised. Unless there is a clear and urgent need to keep news sources confidential, they should be clearly identified.

These guidelines are designed to maintain, protect, and strengthen the trust and respect of connecting American journalists and the American people. Such connections are critical to ensuring the freedom of speech entrusted by the founders of this country to American journalists and the American people.

Joseph. Pulitzer (April 10, 1907)

l I believe that my retirement will not affect the basic principles of this newspaper, and this newspaper will always strive for development and reform.

l Taxes against any party at all times and always oppose privileged classes and stealers of the public interest;

l Never lack sympathy for the poor and always be loyal to the public interest; never be satisfied with the news that has been published and always be as independent as possible;

Never be afraid to attack wrong words and deeds, whether they come from predatory chaebols or from predatory poor.

Creed of the Marion (Indiana) Star Editorial

Warren G. Harding

u Remember, there are two aspects to each question, and both aspects should be reflected.

u Be trustworthy.

u To dig facts. Mistakes are inevitable, but strive to be accurate. I would rather have a very accurate report than a hundred reports with half the errors.

u Be decent, fair and tolerant.

u Support people-not fight them. Everyone has a good side, and trigger this good side, and never hurt the feelings of others unnecessarily.

u When reporting political gatherings, gather facts and report them truthfully, rather than reporting as you wish.

u Treat all parties equally. If any party needs comment, we will comment in the editorial section.

u Respect all religious affairs.

u If possible, never ignore the wrong or unfortunate confession of an innocent woman or child to her relatives. Don't wait to be asked to do so, take the initiative.

u And, above all, be clean. Never print a dirty word or an unconfirmed report.

u I hope this newspaper can do this so that it can enter millions of households without harming the innocence of any child.