What Are the Different Types of Ocean Conservation Jobs?
In the face of severe pollution of the marine environment, the excessive exploitation and utilization of marine resources has caused serious damage to the marine environment and its resources. In the past 30 years, many coastal countries and regions have successively established a large number of various types of marine protected areas. Protected areas can be roughly divided into marine ecosystem protected areas, endangered and rare species protected areas, natural historical heritage protected areas, special natural landscape protected areas, marine environmental protection areas, etc. The marine protected area can completely preserve the original appearance of the natural environment and natural resources; it can protect, restore, develop, introduce, and reproduce biological resources; it can preserve the diversity of biological species; and it can eliminate and reduce human adverse effects. The rise of China has opened a new way for mankind to protect the marine environment and its resources [1] .
Marine protection
Marine protection (5 photos)
It consists of more than 2,900 independent reefs and more than 900 islands. The coral reef stretches more than 2,300 kilometers from north to south, and varies from east to west. The widest point can reach more than 150 kilometers and the narrowest point is only 2 kilometers. The total area is about 280,000 square kilometers. , Larger than the size of the British mainland. The Great Barrier Reef is separated from the coast of the Australian mainland by a 20-350 km waterway with a depth ranging from 35 to 70 meters and a depth of about 100 meters. It is an important channel. There are more than 400 kinds of corals, more than 1,500 kinds of fishes, tens of thousands of mollusks, crustaceans and other living things in this area. There are 22 kinds of whale alone, which is a typical biodiversity area. It is located in the low latitudes of the southern hemisphere. It is affected by the warm current of the South Equator all year round. The average surface water temperature is below 20 ° C and summer is as high as 28 ° C. The sun is abundant. Breeding, because of its famous coral, the nearby sea area is designated as "Coral Sea". The Australian Government designated the Great Barrier Reef as a national park for protection in 1974; UNESCO listed it as a World Heritage Site in 1980. Every year, up to 2 million tourists come here, becoming a famous marine paradise, but a large number of tourists pick corals at will, which has caused serious damage to coral reefs. At the same time, the inflow of polluted water from land farms and some harmful chemical residues have polluted the atolls. Waters, coupled with frequent oil spills and shipwrecks on shallow waterways, cause pollution in a large area of the sea, causing coral reefs to disappear at an alarming rate like tropical rainforests, affecting the safety of the Great Barrier Reef National Park. At present, the management department of the protected area has adopted strict measures to limit the pollution of sea areas, strengthen the safety of shallow waterways, and actively carry out education and publicity for tourists. China's Antarctic Expedition established a marine protected area in the United States in 1975 as a biological reserve designated by Antarctica. It has successively established 12 protected areas around the Hawaiian Islands, the coast of California, and the Florida Islands, with a total area of about 80,000 square kilometers. It is expected to reach 20 protected areas by the end of this century. It is strictly forbidden to extract oil, natural gas and sand in the protected area, and dumping of waste is prohibited. Ships are only allowed to sail in certain designated waterways, which effectively protects the environment and resources in these sea areas. The Philippine government established a marine protected area in the waters off the island of Apo in 1984 in order to stop fishermen from using illegal means such as frying fish to cool fishing resources and overexploiting coral reef resources. A few years later, these resources have been gradually restored, fisheries catches have tripled, and 70% of severely damaged coral reefs have been effectively protected. The construction of Hong Kong's Mi-Fei Marine Wetland Reserve in China's marine protected areas can be traced back to the Snake Island Nature Reserve delineated in the Bohai Sea in 1963. Subsequent large-scale construction of marine protected areas was established in 1990 with five marine nature reserves including Changli Gold Coast, Mangrove Ecology of Yamaguchi, Marine Ecology of Dazhou Island, Sanya Coral Reef, and Nanji Islands, approved by the State Council. Most of these protected areas belong to the island type. Among them, Dazhou Island Marine Ecological Protection Area protects the entire island and the surrounding sea area within 2 nautical miles, a total of about 70 square kilometers; Sanya Coral Reef Protection Area, the protected area is about 60 square kilometers, here Coral is rich in resources, with more than 80 species, and is accompanied by a unique biological community composed of a large number of fish, shrimp, and algae; Nanji Islands Protected Area, with an area of nearly 200 square kilometers, is composed of 23 islands, 14 reefs, and 55 open reefs. , 21 dry reefs, protected more than 340 species of shellfish, accounting for 1/3 of the total number of shellfish in China, more than 170 species of benthic algae, accounting for 1/5 of the total and other rare species; Shankou Mangrove Forest Reserve To protect the sandy beach along the Shatin Peninsula, about 50 square kilometers, forming mangrove forests of more than a thousand acres. There are many marine life and birds in the reserve. The nearby sea is a rare animal dugong feeding area; Changli Gold Coast Reserve With an area of about 300 square kilometers, a golden sand dune with a height of 20-40 meters stands on a 30-kilometre-long sand belt, forming a rare sand bank landscape in the world. In 1992, the State Council successively approved the Fujian-Jiangjiang Shenhu Bay Submarine Forest Relics Reserve and the Tianjin Ancient Coast Reserve. The seven national marine nature reserves currently established include some marine ecosystems with typical meanings at home and abroad and natural areas with special scientific, economic value and productivity; some are rare, endangered or endemic species inhabited by marine life species. , Reproduction areas and important migration routes; some are special natural landscape areas with unique ornamental or scientific value; some are important historical sites that reflect human understanding, development, and use of the ocean. At the same time, the relevant departments of coastal provinces and cities have also established 40 local marine protection areas [2] .
