What Are the Different Types of Pharmaceutical Internships?
Pharmacy is a healthcare industry that connects the health sciences and chemical sciences. It has the responsibility to ensure the safe and effective use of medicines.
- [yào xué]
Pharmacy is a healthcare industry that connects the health sciences and chemical sciences. It has the responsibility to ensure the safe and effective use of medicines.
The main sources of research in pharmacy,
Early Renaissance
(1) Classical pharmacy; due to the underdeveloped culture in the primitive era, it was impossible to have a monograph on pharmaceutical knowledge. Existing books that describe drug treatment in writing are called classical books, such as the Chinese Compendium of Materia Medica, Shennong's Materia Medica, and Egyptian
In the late 18th century, pharmacy education was held in the pharmacy industry in some European countries. In 1725, Prussia had stipulated that pharmacists must pass the system of passing college examinations to make pharmacy a scientific specialty course. In the 19th century, Italy required pharmacists to go to school and take exams. In 1803 six high schools of pharmacy were established in France. After the establishment of the British Pharmaceutical Association in 1841, a pharmaceutical education organization was also established. In 1821, the United States opened a pharmacy college in Philadelphia, and some states also successively established pharmacy education organizations. In 1865, the establishment of a college in the United States entered a climax. At that time, 83 different types of colleges and universities established pharmacy colleges. In 1868, the School of Pharmacy of Michigan State University in the United States implemented a formal and complete teaching program for pharmacy, which became a breakthrough event in the history of pharmacy education in the United States. In 1900, the Pharmacy College of the United States has generally adopted the four-year teaching system of the University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy. In 1902, the School of Pharmacy of the University implemented a PHD degree for graduate students in pharmacy. m) D. Bachelor of Science. In 1932, the United States Congress established an accreditation body for pharmaceutical education. It has done a lot of work in the field of pharmaceutical education standards and improvements. In addition, the American College of Pharmacy Association has supported the establishment of an accreditation body. After much work, in addition, the American Association of Pharmaceutical Colleges supported the establishment of a pharmaceutical research committee to study the academic system, professional education scope, and degree of pharmaceutical education. After 1960, most pharmacy colleges implemented a five-year program, and the teaching content was more and more oriented to clinical pharmacy, mainly to train pharmacists. European pharmaceutical education is about the same as in the United States.
There are more than 50 universities and colleges of pharmacy in Japan, of which more than 30 are private. Undergraduate students generally have a four-year academic program, graduate school five years, and a PhD in pharmacy. In order to meet the needs of society, pharmacy education generally does not distinguish between majors and teaches more than 40 courses. Mainly train pharmacists. The Department of Pharmacy in Japan is divided into national, public, and private.The sources of school funding, student resources, faculty, running conditions, and scale are different.Each school can form its own unique curriculum.
domestic
company name | Overall level ranking | Overall level score | Academic Team Ranking | Academic Team Rating | Scientific research rankings | Scientific Research Score | Talent training ranking | Talent training score | Academic reputation ranking | Academic reputation score |
Peking Union Medical College (Faculty of Medicine, Tsinghua University) | 1 | 97.7 | 1 | 100.00 | 2 | 96.37 | 2 | 96.56 | 2 | 98.59 |
China Pharmaceutical University | 2 | 93.8 | 3 | 82.73 | 3 | 93.09 | 1 | 100.00 | 3 | 96.77 |
Beijing University | 3 | 92.6 | 2 | 83.43 | 1 | 100.00 | 3 | 83.01 | 1 | 100.00 |
Shenyang Pharmaceutical University | 4 | 85.8 | 5 | 77.81 | 5 | 89.73 | 4 | 77.84 | 4 | 94.94 |
Zhejiang University | 5 | 81.2 | 4 | 80.72 | 4 | 91.74 | 11 | 61.62 | 6 | 88.20 |
Central South University | 6 | 78.5 | 12 | 70.83 | 7 | 84.20 | 5 | 73.39 | 9 | 82.34 |
Fudan University | 7 | 78.3 | 10 | 72.13 | 8 | 77.95 | 6 | 68.67 | 5 | 93.02 |
China Ocean University | 8 | 72.8 | 8 | 75.06 | 9 | 77.35 | 12 | 61.28 | 12 | 76.96 |
China Pharmaceutical and Biological Products Inspection | 9 | 72.7 | 14 | 67.56 | 6 | 84.74 | 18 | 60.26 | 13 | 73.96 |
Sichuan University | 10 | 72.3 | 17 | 63.79 | 12 | 67.76 | 7 | 68.41 | 7 | 88.10 |
Jilin University | 11 | 70.5 | 7 | 77.35 | 14 | 66.48 | 10 | 62.06 | 11 | 78.88 |
Shan Dong University | 12 | 69.6 | 13 | 68.30 | 15 | 66.02 | 13 | 61.09 | 8 | 83.33 |
Shantou University | 13 | 68.9 | 9 | 74.61 | 11 | 70.65 | 8 | 66.08 | 16 | 65.20 |
Yantai University | 14 | 67.4 | 6 | 77.50 | 10 | 70.90 | twenty one | 60.00 | 17 | 62.72 |
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine | 15 | 66.5 | 16 | 64.65 | 18 | 62.41 | 17 | 60.36 | 10 | 79.02 |
Suzhou University | 15 | 66.5 | 11 | 70.93 | 17 | 63.42 | 16 | 60.38 | 14 | 72.93 |
Hebei Medical University | 17 | 63.8 | 15 | 65.01 | 13 | 67.29 | 9 | 62.45 | twenty one | 60.00 |
Qingdao University | 18 | 63.5 | 18 | 63.43 | 16 | 63.45 | 14 | 60.62 | 15 | 66.46 |
Inner Mongolia Medical College | 19 | 60.8 | twenty one | 60.00 | twenty one | 60.00 | 15 | 60.52 | 18 | 62.58 |
Xuzhou Medical College | 19 | 60.8 | 19 | 63.10 | 20 | 60.02 | 19 | 60.10 | 19 | 60.56 |
School of Medical Training | twenty one | 60.4 | 20 | 60.87 | 19 | 60.44 | 20 | 60.07 | 20 | 60.33 |
Among the first-level disciplines, there are 11 units with the right to grant first-level subject PhDs and 7 to participate in the assessment; 22 units with doctoral degree granting power and 7 to participate in the assessment; and 7 Units with the right to grant master's degrees in this discipline also participated in the evaluation.
Professional setting
Professional courses [5]
This self-study major trains scientific and technical personnel with basic theoretical knowledge and experimental skills in pharmacy, who can engage in identification, drug design, general pharmaceutical preparations, and rational use of drugs in the fields of drug production, inspection, distribution, use, and research and development. [6]
Professional training objectives and basic requirements
This specialty trains senior application-oriented professionals who can meet the needs of socialist economic construction and development, and medical and health undertakings, have modern pharmaceutical knowledge, and can engage in pharmaceutical production, pharmaceutical analysis and identification, hospital pharmacy, drug development, and pharmaceutical affairs management.
Candidates are required to work hard to study Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, and the important thinking of the "Three Represents," establish patriotism, collectivism, and socialist thinking, abide by disciplines and laws, have good ideological character and professional ethics, and actively serve the society Modernization and people's service.
Candidates are required to master the basic theory, basic knowledge and basic skills of chemistry, pharmacy, molecular biology, and pharmacy management, be familiar with the medical system and regulations, have the ability to analyze and solve problems, and have a certain level of English listening, speaking, reading and writing ability.
Exam courses and credits
Serial number | course code | Course Title | credit | Remark |
1* | 0004 | Introduction to Mao Zedong Thought | 2 | |
2* | 0005 | Principles of Marxist Political Economy | 3 | |
3 * | 0015 | English (2) | 14 | |
4 * | 0018 | Computer application foundation | 2 | |
0019 | Computer application foundation (including practice) | 2 | |
5 | 1757 | Drug Analysis (3) | 5 | |
1758 | Drug Analysis (3) (Practice) | 2 | |
6 | 1759 | Medicinal Chemistry (2) | 4 | |
1760 | Medicinal Chemistry (2) (Practice) | 1 | |
7 | 1761 | Pharmacy (2) | 6 | |
1762 | Pharmacy (2) (Practice) | 2 | |
8 | 1763 | Pharmacy Management (2) | 3 | |
9 | 2051 | Physical Chemistry (2) | 6 | |
10 | 2087 | molecular biology | 6 | |
11 | 3049 | Mathematical statistics | 4 | |
12 | 5522 | Organic Chemistry (5) | 4 | |
13 | 5524 | Medicinal plants and pharmacy | 4 | |
14 | 6831 | Pharmacology (4) | 5 | |
6832 | Pharmacology (4) (Practice) | 1 | |
| 6999 | Graduation thesis | | Credits not counted |
total | | 76 | |
course
inorganic chemistry
It is an applied basic course for pharmacy major. The contents mainly include: chemical reaction principles, gases, thermochemistry, chemical kinetics basis, chemical equilibrium entropy and Gibbs function, acid-base balance, precipitation and dissolution equilibrium, redox reaction, electrochemical basis, material structure basis, atomic structure, molecular structure , Solid structure, complex structure, elemental chemistry (S-zone element, p-zone element, p-zone element, p-zone element, d-zone element, d-zone element, f-zone element), etc.
Organic chemistry
It is a basic course for pharmacy majors. It is a preliminary basic course of medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutical analysis, biochemistry, and pharmacology. The subject mainly studies the composition, structure, reaction, synthesis, extraction, mutual conversion of compounds and reaction mechanism of organic compounds. This course mainly includes open-chain hydrocarbons, cyclic hydrocarbons, basics of stereochemistry, halogenated hydrocarbons, basics of organic spectra, alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, quinones, carboxylic acids and substituted carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid derivatives, organic nitrogen Compounds, heterocyclic compounds, compounds containing sulfur, phosphorus, silicon, lipids, carbohydrates, peripheral reactions, amino acid, peptide, protein, and nucleic acid profiles.
Analytical Chemistry & Instrumental Analysis
It is an applied basic course for pharmacy major. The content mainly includes: error and analysis data processing, introduction to titration analysis method, acid-base titration method, coordination titration method, redox titration method, precipitation titration method and gravimetric analysis method, potentiometric method and permanent stop titration method, and spectral analysis method introduction , UV-visible spectrophotometry, redox titration, precipitation titration and gravimetric methods, potentiometric and permanent stop titration methods, introduction to spectral analysis, UV-visible spectrophotometry, fluorescence analysis, infrared absorption spectroscopy, Atomic absorption spectrophotometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, introduction to chromatographic analysis, gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, plane chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, chromatography combined analysis, etc.
molecular biology
It is an applied basic course for pharmacy major. The content mainly includes: the molecular structure, properties and functions of genetic material; chromatin, chromosomes, genes and genomes; mobile genetic factors and extrachromosomal genetic factors; DNA replication, mutation, damage and repair; transcription, post-transcription processing; Biosynthesis and translation of proteins; regulation of gene expression; principles of genetic engineering and their applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
Physical Chemistry
It is a professional basic course for pharmacy major. It is a preliminary basic course for medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutical analysis, pharmacy, and pharmacokinetics. His research interests include chemical thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, electrochemical basic surface chemistry, and colloids. It mainly includes: the first law of thermodynamics, the second law of thermodynamics, chemical equilibrium, phase equilibrium, electrochemistry, chemical kinetics, surface phenomena, colloids and so on.
Human anatomy
It is a professional course for the pharmacy major. The main contents are: the definition of human anatomy, a brief history of the development of human anatomy, anatomical posture and commonly used terminology, variations and abnormalities of human organs, an overview of the human body structure, and various human systems (motor systems , Digestive system, respiratory system, urinary system, male reproductive system, female reproductive system, circulatory system, lymphatic system, nervous system, etc.).
Physiology
Biological disciplines that study biological functional activities, including studies of physiological activities at the individual, organ, cell, and molecular levels, as well as experimental physiology, molecular physiology, and
Pharmaceutical Employment
Graduates of this major have a relatively comprehensive comprehensive quality and strong ability for sustainable development. After graduation, they can engage in pharmaceutical synthesis, pharmaceutical preparations, drug testing, drug production and marketing, new drug development and quality control, and pharmaceutical research. , Management and teaching.
Can be engaged in hospital pharmacy, drug preparation room, pharmaceutical factory, pharmaceutical company, drug inspection technical post, management post, etc.
Pharmaceutical employment prospects
Society's demand for pharmacy talent is increasing, and the employment rate of college students in this specialty is as high as 95%. The pharmaceutical industry is developing rapidly, especially after the living standard is improved, people's demand for health products is increasing, and enterprises are more favored by pharmaceutical talents. There is also a biochemical drug, which is an emerging and cutting-edge industry with good development prospects.
Pharmacy graduates are mainly assigned to pharmaceutical factories and medical research institutes to engage in various drug development, research, production quality assurance and rational use of drugs. There are also many people engaged in drug sales agents.
