What Are the Different Types of Protective Service Jobs?

Thunder and lightning disasters have been listed by the relevant UN departments as one of the ten most serious natural disasters. Because of its strong current, hot high temperature, violent shock wave, and strong electromagnetic radiation and other physical effects, it can produce huge damage in an instant, often causing casualties, destroying buildings, power supply and distribution systems, communication equipment, and causing forests. The fire caused the computer information system to be interrupted, and warehouses, oil refineries, and oil fields to burn or even explode, endangering people's property and personal safety, and seriously threatening the safety of aerospace and other transportation vehicles. According to incomplete statistics, thousands of people are killed or injured in China each year due to lightning disasters, and property losses are in the tens of billions of yuan.

Thunder and lightning disasters have been listed by the relevant UN departments as one of the ten most serious natural disasters. Because of its strong current, hot high temperature, violent shock wave, and strong electromagnetic radiation and other physical effects, it can produce huge damage in an instant, often causing casualties, destroying buildings, power supply and distribution systems, communication equipment, and causing forests. The fire caused the computer information system to be interrupted, and warehouses, oil refineries, and oil fields to burn or even explode, endangering people's property and personal safety, and seriously threatening the safety of aerospace and other transportation vehicles. According to incomplete statistics, thousands of people are killed or injured in China each year due to lightning disasters, and property losses are in the tens of billions of yuan. ^[1]

China's lightning protection technology services have been developed since the 1990s, and the social and economic benefits are very significant. At present, lightning protection technical services are not only an important pillar project of meteorological science and technology services, but also an important component of disaster prevention and reduction. Lightning protection has been formed into a systematic work system, including lightning protection management, lightning and lightning disaster monitoring, early warning, protective technical services and engineering services, lightning protection research, and investigation, identification and evaluation of lightning disasters. Technical services have become an important part of the system. ^[1]

Due to the lack of lightning forecast and early warning capabilities, the meteorological department's development of lightning protection services is mainly to carry out technical service activities such as lightning protection device detection, lightning protection engineering design and construction, lightning risk assessment, lightning disaster investigation and identification. These services have two distinct characteristics

(1) Combination of lightning risk early warning and lightning protection, focusing on protection

The research and development of lightning warning technology and methods in China has just begun, and there are currently no mature business products available for practical use of forecasting services. Therefore, China's work on lightning warning and prediction is very weak, and currently there is no targeted lightning warning. Top report business. When it is not possible to warn about the occurrence probability of lightning, the level of lightning danger in key areas, and the area of lightning activity and its movement trend, the protection against lightning disasters can only be given priority. At present, the meteorological department and relevant departments are actively carrying out lightning protection work, accelerating the construction of lightning protection facilities, gradually improving the laws and regulations on lightning protection and disaster reduction, and issuing a lightning protection science manual, a lightning protection wall chart, a lightning protection CD-ROM, and a lightning protection science lecture. Popularize lightning protection in other forms, increase awareness and knowledge of lightning protection, and strengthen the public's defense ability against lightning disasters.

(2) Combination of engineering services and technical services, technology first

The special technical service of lightning protection is the unification of engineering services and technical services, but mainly technical services. The "Measures for the Management of Lightning Protection and Disaster Reduction" (Order No. 8 of the China Meteorological Administration) stipulates that the professional design and construction of lightning protection projects shall implement a qualification certification system. A lightning protection engineering professional design or construction unit shall obtain a corresponding qualification certificate in accordance with relevant regulations before engaging in lightning protection engineering professional design or construction within the scope permitted by its qualification level. It is forbidden to undertake professional design or construction of lightning protection projects without a certificate or exceeding the qualification level. The meteorological department can involve the society in the professional design or construction of lightning protection equipment projects, but it must strengthen the qualification certification, involving auditing and completion acceptance. Design plans that have not been reviewed or failed to pass the test shall not be delivered to Construction I. Those who have not obtained the acceptance certificate shall not be put into use.

The meteorological department provides lightning protection services to perform social management functions such as the professional design and construction qualification certification of lightning protection projects, the qualification certification of lightning protection device testing, the design review and completion acceptance of lightning protection devices, and the active implementation of power protection applications. Research and development of technology, and research and development of lightning protection technical standards, provide technical guidance and technical support for lightning protection device detection, lightning protection engineering design and technical evaluation. ^[1]

Lightning protection technology service products mainly include lightning strike risk assessment, lightning protection device detection, lightning protection engineering design technology evaluation, lightning protection product testing, and lightning disaster investigation and evaluation.

(1) Lightning strike risk assessment

Using lightning monitoring data and relevant meteorological observation data, combined with the lightning weather conditions and the current state of lightning protection devices, local lightning strike zoning is carried out, and lightning strike risk assessments are made for construction projects such as large-scale construction projects, key projects, and explosive dangerous environments.

(2) Lightning detection

Lightning protection device testing services are provided for newly-built, expanded, and rebuilt buildings (structures) and other facilities, tracking and acceptance testing of lightning protection devices, and regular inspection of lightning protection devices that have been used by people.

(3) Evaluation of lightning protection engineering design technology

According to the national and industry standards and relevant specifications, conduct a technical review of the lightning protection device design drawings submitted by the construction unit, and put forward technical evaluation opinions on whether the lightning protection device design meets the lightning protection technology standards and specifications, and make the lightning protection safety quality from the source. turn off.

(4) Lightning protection product test

In accordance with relevant national and industry standards and standards, it conducts lightning protection product testing for the society, and provides technical support for the standardized and orderly development of the lightning protection product market.

(5) Lightning disaster investigation and assessment

Collect and sort out the lightning disaster investigation data, conduct on-site investigations, surveys and technical appraisal of major lightning disasters, analyze and study the causes of lightning disasters, and form assessment technical reports. ^[1]