What Are the Different Types of Referee Qualifications?

International referees are referees approved by international sports organizations and qualified to serve as referees in international sports competitions.

[guó jì cái pàn]

If there is a referee during the game,

The referee shall be selected by the competition committee, and the name of the referee shall be announced by the competition committee to notify the participating units. The referee should not be an official, he is a member of the competition committee.

The referee must be proficient in the rules and implement the rules of use, be able to make quick decisions, and be fully responsible for the actions he takes.

The referee has the right to designate or replace referees, line referees, baseline referees and online referees.

If an unfinished match requires a rematch, the referee may make a decision to arbitrate or continue the match with the consent of both parties to the match.

The referee has the right to designate the venue of the game and has the right to decide to leave the athlete to play on a limited date. The referee has the right to decide the player who does not play for no reason and the player who is nominated and does not plan to play.

The referee may decide to postpone the game at any time due to dark conditions or conditions such as venue and weather.

When the referee indicates that he cannot make a decision, the referee may decide any score according to the rules. The referee's decision is final.

When an important match is in progress and the finals are in progress, the referee must be present at the scene, preferably by the referee chair. He should keep a close relationship with everything that happens during the game, and if the athlete requires certain facts, then he can use this as a basis for judging the problem. The referee has no right to correct the judgement made by the referee, line official, bottom line referee or online referee based on the actual situation.

The competition committee shall maintain the normal order of the competition on the scene and make a decision on any problems that occur during the competition. At this time, the referee or any two members of the competition committee may be organized to meet. , The decision of a member of the competition committee or a referee to punish him may be cancelled. Several members of the competition committee may form a quorum review panel at the scene.

(1) Check the height of the net and pillars before the start of the game. If requested by the athlete, the pacemaker can measure and adjust the net height during the game.

(2) Declaring "serving errors, re-serving, out of bounds, fouls, foot errors and two jumps", as well as penalties other than authorization to the lineman, foot referee and online referee. Its judgment can also be repeated.

(3) Register the winner's score on the score sheet first. Points can also be reported when an athlete requests them.

(4) At the end of each round and each set of games, the scores and sets shall be reported, or when the athletes request the scores and sets, they shall also report the scores and register them on the record sheet.

(5) The referee may say "good ball" when the athlete requests to indicate whether it is within the "match period" during the duel; when the ball is enough to determine whether it is a good ball, until the referee has pronounced When "out of bounds", "mistakes", "re-serving", "two jumps", "hitting foul" or "wearing tennis", athletes should no longer make such requests.

(6) If the athlete has doubts or disputes with the lineman's decision, the referee shall make a scoring decision; if the athlete appeals to the referee, the umpire shall make a scoring decision in accordance with the rules. The referee shall use the new ball according to the instructions of the referee and the competition committee regarding tennis. In special circumstances, when a new ball is needed or the ball needs to be replaced, the referee may make a decision after obtaining the referee's consent.

(7) If the rest period is considered over, the referee should resume the game immediately.

(8) At the beginning of each game, the referee shall explain the circumstances that may affect the game.

(9) The referee shall fill in the score sheet at the end of the game and send it to the relevant personnel of the competition committee for approval and storage.

If there is an objection to the judgment of the lineman or the referee, the judge's decision based on each practical issue is the final judgment. Athletes must not request reconsideration. If the referee has doubts about the verdict of the point, or if a player of a party raises a question about the verdict of the point, the referee may ask the referee to make a final decision on the issue if it considers it necessary. The questions raised should be related to the game and should have occurred during the game. They should be related to the practical problems of interpretation and application of the rules.

A contestant may ask the referee for a change of referee or lineman for the match.

The referee cannot order the replacement of any lineman, he can only take certain actions with the consent of the referee.

When the referee checks the height of the net, the refereeing responsibilities he assumes will be started. This job is the first duty stipulated by the referee when he reaches the court.

When the athlete prepares, the referee must look around the court to see if the other members serving as referees are in place. If anyone is absent, they should report to the referee or referee committee immediately. If necessary, the game can be suspended.

When the athlete's 3 minute warm-up time is up, the referee should announce who is playing against whom and what kind of child they are in the game. In the case of a team match, a team should be reported to play against a team, and several sets and wins shall be announced system.

Then report the first game to serve first, lineman preparation, caddie preparation, athlete preparation-the game begins.

When reporting points, the score of the player's side should be reported first, and after the split, "Serve first" or "Receive first". Points cannot be reported in other terms.

The score should be reported according to the following method: "The end of a game, the first game, the number of games is 4 to 2, or the first game, the number of games is almost 4."

The number of bids should be reported according to the following method: "The third set ends, the number of games is 6 to 4, the number of games is 2 to 1, and XX leads."

At the end of a game, the following method is reported: "The game ended with a certain victory. The set is 2 to 1, the score is 2 to 6, 6 to 3, 6 to 4"

At the time of the offer, the end points of the winner of the match are announced.

If the athlete fails to reach the ball in time after the first jump, he shall declare "two jumps". According to the rules, the ball should be re-sent, and then the ball is still in the game. At this time, only the online referee can announce a re-sport. If there are not many linemen, the referee should be responsible for judging the mistakes and out-of-bounds of each line. If there is no wrong referee, the referee shall be responsible for judging.

When returning to the court after a time-out due to an objective reason, the referee should see whether the lower-level lineman is in place, whether the players are in the position on the court and the order of serve is correct.

The referee may suspend the game if it is deemed necessary by the athlete if he cannot control it, but he must handle it carefully and deliberately "delay".

The referee may postpone the game according to the prevailing light, venue and weather conditions. The postponement of the game must be approved by the referee.

At the end of the game, the referee shall announce the final result of the game, sign the score sheet and return it to the record office or to the designated receiver.

The referee chair should be placed in the middle of the court, 1.2 to 1.5 meters away from the net. The lineman's chair should face the line he or she is responsible for. The wrong referee should be 3 to 4.5 meters away from the court; other linemen should be close to the net and the curtain, as far as possible from the court. The lineman should not face the sun.

The responsibility of the lineman is to report service errors and out of bounds, to decide on the line he cares about, and to make the final decision. If the lineman cannot make a decision, the referee shall give a verdict or make the ball serve again.

The lineman is assigned by the referee or the referee committee. Only the referee ~ person has the right to change the lineman.

The lineman should arrive at the playing field on time, and he should be in place when the start of the game is announced. You must not leave the post without the permission of the referee, or until another lineman replaces him. Of course, he can leave his position during the prescribed rest period. However, when the athlete returns to the court, he should return to his post on time. The lineman should not smoke or walk around during the game. He should try to sit down quietly. Any movement will disturb the athlete. If the lineman thinks his position prevents the player from hitting the ball, he can make every effort to make way for the player, in which case he can temporarily move the position. The lineman should not pick up the ball for the athlete off the field. This task should be done by the player. If there are no players to pick, this should be done by the athletes themselves.

Good linemen should be keen to observe. Most of the games are relatively easy to judge, but you may also encounter difficult to judge. At this time, you need to test the alertness and judgment of a lineman.

"Always keep an eye on the ball during the game" This is the motto of the lineman.

The lineman is not focused, and the correct verdict is fatal. Talking to the audience or paying attention to things that have nothing to do with the game will cause the lineman to judge or make mistakes. The bottom lineman should not speak to the referee.

The lineman must keep in mind that if a ball falls on the line, it should be considered to be within the court.

The lineman can declare the following error:

Serving midline lineman-responsible for the midline.

Lineman-responsible for the sideline assigned to him.

Bottom Line Lineman-When there is no wrong referee, he is responsible for assigning him the line under his care.

gesture

Gestures are recognized as an integral part of the lineman's duties. However, gestures must not be used instead of announcements. Gestures are just an additional action that the lineman determines to pronounce. Gestures should be considered second for loud judgments. Making the announcement in the correct terms is the first thing a lineman or referee should do.

There are several gestures:

a out of bounds

The arms are extended outwards, the same height as the shoulders, pointing at the direction of the ball out of bounds.

If the ball falls to the left or right of the lineman outside the field, the lineman immediately stretches out his left or right arm as appropriate and announces "out of bounds" or "mistake". The lineman in charge of serving should, depending on the situation, extend his left or right arm, depending on which case the serving area is in. The bottom line and the serve lineman on the referee's side stretch their left or right arms, depending on their position on the court.

b serve

Open your palm and move up and down near the ground. (The lineman can make a good ball gesture when the referee or athlete has doubts about the ball and asks the lineman to show the ball.)

c sight is left

When a ball hits the ground, the line on the court is blocked. If the lineman cannot decide whether the ball is good or out of bounds, then he can use the eye cover gesture-one hand His eyes shook and stood up, making the referee see where he was.

(2) Correction of judgment

The lineman felt that his decision was wrong due to a mistake in speaking or coming too fast. At this time, he must change his decision. If the lineman has announced "out of bounds" and immediately realizes that this is a "good ball", he should immediately stand up and call "correct" to the referee; if the referee or lineman is serving On the second serve, he misjudged a "serving error" or "out of bounds" and corrected the total judgment. At this time, he should be re-served and the serve should be given twice. .

Online referees should sit near the net post near the referees; they should report "re-servicing" when a tennis ball is issued; they should report "perforating balls" when they pass through the mesh.

In order to guard against possible errors, the online referee recounts the score of the game, checks with the referee, and also registers the ball that has been replaced.

When the athlete makes a throwing action, the referee should place his hand on the net net rope. His legs and feet should not reach the court. After the athlete served the ball, he quietly withdrew his hand from the Internet.

The referee should sit right against the baseline and he can switch from side to side when serving. He must not talk to the lineman.

When a foul is judged, it must be announced loudly and made available to the entire audience. He should be very familiar with the rules of foot errors, and he should declare foot errors only if he is sure that the signal is a violation of the rules.

While watching the movement of the athlete's foot, while listening to the sound of the racket hitting the ball, this method can reasonably and accurately determine whether the athlete has a foot error when serving.

The referee's refereeing principle: in the live ball period, eyes must be fixed on the ball, and the mind should be highly concentrated on the game. For all judgments and rewards, the voice should be loud and clear.

Except for the following circumstances, the referee will not make a declaration: serve mistakes, foot errors, the ball was played off the field during the live ball period, the ball was hit on the Internet, any player fouled the ball, played after the ball bounced twice, and outside interference The referee declared "re-serving."

(1) The referee uses the following terms when assisted by a lineman

When the first serve was mistaken, the referee repeated the "mistake" announced by the lineman.

When the second serve error, the lineman announced "error" again, and the referee should report "double error".

When a clean ball is issued, the online referee declares "re-serving" and the referee should repeat "re-serving".

If the ball is struck twice, the ball is intercepted before passing the net, the player touches the net in any way during the live ball, the player's clothes or clothing touches the net during the live ball, or the player's clothes or clothing falls on the opponent On the court, a "batting foul" was announced.

When the lineman announces "out of bounds", "footed wrongly" or "re-serving the ball", the referee simply repeats the terms he announced instead of adding terminology. That is, it is not necessary to report similar language such as "has been found wrong." Just repeat the terms announced by the line operator.

When a team scores or loses, the score should be registered on the score sheet, and then the player's score should be announced. The score of the player should always be announced, for example: 15 to zero, 15 to 15, 15 to 30, 30 tie, 40 Than 30. Evenly split (may not be reported as 40 even, or "15 each" or "30 each").

When announcing "Serve first" or "Receive first", it is not possible to report "Batters first" or "So and so first".

In the case where the referee has only one person working alone without the help of the lineman, of course he has to assume the responsibilities of some lineman who can do his best on the referee chair.

(2) The line manager has the duty to directly announce and judge the following issues

Regarding serve-if the first serve is declared "mistake", the second serve will still report "mistake" instead of "double mistake" (referee)

When a ball is hit outside the field, it is declared "out of bounds" without reporting "out of bounds" or "out of bounds".

When a net-cleaning shot is issued, a "re-servicing" is announced instead of a "tennis-cleaning".

The referee with a mistake or a referee who does not have a mistake, but is also served by the bottom line manager. For each foul action, a "foot error" may be declared and a "foot error for the first serve" or "foot error for the second serve" ".

When the lineman realizes that his judgment is incorrect, he should immediately announce a "correction of the judgment" and let the referee see where he is. The line of sight of the lineman may be blocked by the athlete, so that he cannot judge the line near him, he should immediately stand up, shake with his hand in front of his eyes, and declare "the line of sight is blocked." At this time, the referee shall make a corresponding decision according to the rules. If the registration is made according to the "mistake" announced by the service lineman, the "re-servicing" announced by the online referee shall be rejected.