What Does a Nature Conservator Do?

Nature conservation is the protection of the natural environment and natural resources. The central tasks of protecting the natural environment and natural resources are to protect, multiply (renewable resources) and rationally use natural resources. At present, there are different understandings of the objects of nature protection. Some people think that nature protection is "maintaining the conditions that human beings can reach the highest potential." Some people think that nature protection not only protects the primitive nature and the primitive natural landscape. That is, to protect the animals and plants that constitute nature, as well as the geological objects that need to be protected, and to strive to transform the adverse environment caused by human activities into an environment that is beneficial to humankind.

Nature protection

Nature conservation is the protection of the natural environment and natural resources. Regarding the objects of nature protection, some people have specifically proposed 12 aspects: ensuring the continuous existence of renewable natural resources; protecting national resources from being damaged when natural disasters occur; protecting the conservation of water sources; protecting wild recreation and recreation Place; maintain the ability of environmental purification; ensure

In the 18th century, Europe

Human survival and development require a good natural environment and abundant natural resources. The natural environment refers to the sum of various natural factors that interact with human beings and human society in the objectively existing material world, mainly the atmosphere, water, soil, biology, minerals, and sunlight. Natural resources are materials that humans can use for living and production in the natural environment. They can be divided into three categories: one is inexhaustible, such as solar energy and wind, the other is renewable, such as biology, water and soil; the third is Non-renewable, such as various minerals. With the development and improvement of human productivity, the portion of natural resources that can be used by humans is constantly expanding. For example, a mineral often coexists with other minerals, and the development of beneficiation and smelting technology makes

Human efforts to protect nature are inseparable from the recognition of natural values. When human beings have a low level of awareness of natural values, or when nature is polluted or lightly damaged, the scale of nature conservation activities is also small. With the improvement of human understanding of natural values and the depletion of natural resources, people have realized that it is necessary to establish an administrative agency for nature protection, timely make correct predictions based on reliable and systematic information, and propose effective prevention and treatment. Measures. At the same time, in order to effectively protect and manage nature, corresponding laws need to be formulated. For example, Germany enacted the law on the preservation of beautiful landscapes in 1902 and 1935

The Chinese people have long noticed the relationship between the use of natural resources and the protection of nature. "Yi Zhou Shu Da Ju Pian" records the legendary Dayu: "In spring and March, the mountains and forests do not stand on the axe, and they grow into plants and trees. In the summer and March, Kawasawa does not enter the net, and it becomes a fish. Long. "Xunzi pointed out the importance of protecting natural resources." Everything is appropriate, all six animals are good, and all living creatures are good. "He also proposed protection measures:" When the vegetation is flourishing, the axe If you do nt enter the forest, you wo nt live forever, and you will never grow up. When the catfish is pregnant, the net salamander poison will not enter, and it will not live forever. "The King's System" reads: "Linlu Chuanze can't stop entering at any time." "Grain from time to time, the fruit is unripe, not congee in the market; the wood is not cut, not congee in the market; In the city. "For"

A nature reserve is a general term for a special area designated for protection and management in order to protect various important ecosystems and their environments, save endangered species, and protect natural historical heritage. These nature reserves include not only representatives of various ecosystems in various natural zones, but also concentrated areas of rare and rare animal and plant species, resting places for migratory birds, wintering and migration, and breeding and cultivars The concentrated origin of wild relatives; also includes beautiful natural landscapes; also includes geological sections with special conservation value, fossil origin, glaciers, karsts, waterfalls, hot springs, craters and meteorites. In addition, some examples of successful conservation of nature created in traditional agricultural practices also belong to special types of nature reserves. Although there are many types of protected areas and different methods of protection and management, they are all precious wealth left to human beings in nature. They are like dazzling pearls scattered scattered on the earth that is in urgent need of repair.

What role do nature reserves have, and why do people attach so much importance to the construction of nature reserves? Let us answer this question.

First, nature reserves can provide humans with the natural "background" of the ecosystem. Various ecosystems are the product of long-term interactions between organisms and the environment. In the world today, various natural ecosystems and natural landscapes in various natural zones are rapidly being disturbed and destroyed by human beings. The unlimited logging of forests, the reclamation of grasslands, the overgrazing of deserts, the tropical agricultural development, and the continuous expansion of cities and the construction of large projects have caused ecological imbalances in many regions, and the natural features of some regions have been difficult to identify. In order to study the characteristics of natural resources and the environment in these areas in order to propose reasonable utilization and protection measures, ancient literature records, archeological materials, and certain characteristics of natural residues (such as relic species, soil profiles, landform types) Etc.) and paleontological research data to infer the original appearance of nature that no longer exists. It can be seen that the representative natural ecosystems or primitive landscapes that are preserved in various natural areas are extremely precious original "backgrounds" of nature. The evaluation criteria also point out a way to explore some natural regional ecosystems and the direction of reasonable development in the future, so that human beings can control the direction of their evolution according to needs.

Second, nature reserves are natural reservoirs for various ecosystems and biological species. The exact number of species in the world today is not very clear until now. Although taxonomicians have done a lot of work on species, for a variety of reasons, there is still no systematic and reliable data on biological species. . Currently, there are 5 to 10 million species in the world, of which only 1.5 million are recorded in scientific literature. People have a long history of obtaining raw materials from these species. Since the Neolithic era, human agricultural breeding has focused on a few species of plants and animals that have been domesticated or cultivated. Breeders now find it increasingly difficult to improve existing varieties and increase their production potential. Therefore, in addition to breeding and improving a few existing species, new food sources must be tapped, and in turn they have turned to the rich treasure trove of nature in search of wild species resources.

The history of human use of biological species proves that we cannot predict which creature will be useful to us. Some of the seemingly useless species suddenly turned into useful or even irreplaceable raw materials in medicine, industry, agricultural breeding and scientific research. There are many examples in this field at home and abroad. For example, many primitive wild plants with limited distribution areas may have low yields, but they are often the only source for breeding resistant varieties. Dwarf wheat and rice cultivars cultivated from wild relatives have revolutionized cultivation methods and greatly increased yields in many places.

The scientific value of armadillos and polar bears unexpectedly discovered in recent years can serve as examples of protecting wild animal germplasm. Armadillo is by far the only animal known to suffer from leprosy other than humans, which has provided inestimable help in finding a cure for this disease. Recently, it was also discovered that the fur of polar bears is a rare high-efficiency heat sink. This new discovery provides valuable clues for the design and manufacture of warm clothing and solar absorbers.

It is now known that nearly half of the drugs are first made from natural substances, especially wildlife, especially in China, where wildlife has been used as medicine directly for thousands of years. But so far, only less than 1/10 of the plants in the world have been investigated in this regard. With the development of science and technology and the continuous improvement of human needs, many wild species that have never been used in the past have gradually discovered their new applications in industry, agriculture, medicine and military. Unfortunately, many species are rapidly becoming extinct due to human disturbance and changes in the natural environment. Some species are even near end to extinction or have disappeared before they have been thoroughly studied for their uses, and their numbers are extremely alarming. According to statistics from some wild biologists, about 3.5 billion years ago, the earth began to have living things. Since then, the species have gradually increased, and once reached up to 250 million. Since then, the rate of reduction has gradually accelerated, and now there are only 5-10 million species. Looking at birds alone, from the 1600 to 1900 years, a total of 75 species have become extinct, but since the 20th century, one species has become extinct every year. Now, on average, one creature disappears from the earth every day, and it even accelerates to one less every hour. Some estimates suggest that if the current trend continues unchecked, by the end of the 20th century, at least 1/6 of the species currently living in the world will be extinct.

Nature reserves have preserved these species and the ecological environment on which they depend. For now, many important animal and plant resources and complete ecosystems have been discovered one after another, and they have been investigated in nature reserves. In particular, many species in the world are now exuberantly distributed due to changes in the environment or human interference, and are now endangered. The establishment and rational management of nature reserves will help the protection and reproduction of these organisms. In this sense, the nature reserve is undoubtedly a natural reservoir of species resources and ecosystems.

Third, nature reserves are natural laboratories for scientific research. The nature reserve maintains a complete ecosystem, rich species, biological communities and the environment in which they depend. This provides a good base for all kinds of ecological research and becomes a natural laboratory set up in nature. Due to the long-term and natural characteristics of nature reserves, for some continuous systematic observation and research, to accurately grasp the changes, distribution and activities of species in the natural ecosystem, monitoring the long-term evolution of the natural environment, and Research on the breeding and domestication of rare species has provided particularly favorable conditions.

Fourth, nature reserves are live nature museums and nature forums for the public about nature and nature conservation education. Except for a few absolute protected areas set up for scientific research, general protected areas can accept a certain number of young people, students and tourists to visit the protected areas. Through well-designed guide routes and audio-visual tools in the reserve, the nature reserve is used as a natural big classroom to increase people's biological and geological knowledge. There are usually small exhibition halls in nature reserves, which promote the knowledge about nature and nature conservation through facilities such as models, pictures, audio recordings, and video recording. That's why people call nature reserves living museums.

Fifth, some nature reserves can provide certain venues for tourism. Because the nature reserves have preserved intact ecosystems and precious and rare flora and fauna or geological sections, they have great appeal to tourists, especially some nature reserves with the main purpose of protecting natural landscapes, and even tourists. Place of yearning. Without destroying the nature reserve, a certain area can be designated to carry out tourism with restrictions. With the improvement of people's material life, the potential value of nature reserves in this regard will become increasingly apparent.

Sixth, due to the protection of natural vegetation and the ecosystem it forms, the nature reserves play an important role in improving the environment, maintaining water and soil, conserving water, and maintaining ecological balance. In particular, water conservation forests, which are zoned on the upper reaches of rivers, on both sides of highways, and on steep slopes, are a special type of nature reserve and can directly play a role in environmental protection. Of course, to maintain the ecological balance of nature, it is not enough to rely on only a few nature reserves, but it is an important link in a comprehensive network of nature protection measures.