What Does a Rat Exterminator Do?

Rat poison is a poison for the purpose of destroying rats. Rats, also called "mouses", not only cause certain harm to vegetables, fruit trees and crops, but also infect various diseases, such as plague, pseudotuberculosis, rabies, encephalitis, brucellosis, leptospirosis, and jaundice. Natural hosts of more than 10 epidemics, such as disease, should be carefully controlled.

Rat poison

The purpose of rat poison is to destroy rats

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First, warfarin poisoning (double coumarin) poisoning: such as rodentin, rat enemy.

Symptoms: Anticoagulant rodenticides are the most common and cause chronic poisoning. Bleeding is the biggest feature, but there is usually a latent period of 2 to 5 days before the onset of this symptom. It is mainly manifested by extreme depression, elevated body temperature, decreased appetite, anemia, weakness, internal and external bleeding, external bleeding manifested as epistaxis, vomiting, and hematuria. , Bloody stools or black feces. Internal hemorrhage occurs when there is dyspnea due to the chest and abdomen cavity; neurological symptoms occur when it occurs in the brain and spine; lameness occurs when it occurs in the joints, and intra-articular hemorrhage, subcutaneous and submucosal bleeding can be seen. Subcutaneous bleeding can cause dermatitis and skin Necrosis. In severe cases, nostrils, rectums, and other natural holes bleed. The poisoning amount is large, and typical bleeding symptoms and death can occur in the stomach. Chronic poisoning can be manifested as anemia, edema, heart failure, and cramps and paralysis at the end. Jaundice can occur when the course is very long.

Treatment: early vomiting, acute poisoning and blood supplementation, vitamin k supplementation; for subacute poisoning, subcutaneous injection of vitamin k, until the clotting time is normal, change to oral vitamin k1, 15-30 mg, 2 times a day for 4 to 6 days. For severe cases, 10-20ml / kg body weight of fresh whole blood should be transfused. The first half should be fast and the second half should be 20 drops / min. Warfarin, rodent poisoning sometimes takes up to a month, and sedation with barbiturate or mild anesthesia is used as adjuvant treatment. Note: To be on the safe side, if you suspect this type of poisoning, you should take vitamin k1 orally immediately.

Organophosphorus pesticide poisoning: such as trichlorfon, dimethoate, dichlorvos, trithion, malathion and so on.

Symptoms: Excitement at first, muscle spasm, mild tremor, and convulsions. When the muscles of the extremities are clenched, the sick dog frequently steps and swims when lying horizontally. Pupils shrink and become linear when severe. Excessive salivation, tears, abdominal pain, high bowel sounds, constant dilute water, and even incontinence. In the later stage of severe disease, bowel sounds weakened or even disappeared. Sweat drips all over the body, especially on the chest, perineum, and around the scrotum. The temperature increased, the breathing was significantly difficult, the heartbeat was rapid, the pulse was weak, the conjunctiva became cyanotic, and finally died of suffocation. When the amount of poisoning is relatively small, blood may be drawn after 12 to 24 hours.

Treatment: Atropine sulfate is slowly injected intravenously at a dose of 0.05 mg / kg body weight. After an interval of 6 hours, atropine sulfate was injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly at a dose of 0.15 mg / kg body weight. When the dog has a dry mouth, dilated pupils, stable breathing, and rapid heartbeat, the medication can be stopped. For severe cases, it is best to use atropine in combination with iodophorin and chlorin. Iodomide (Pam) and clodoxine (Clophosphine) are cholinesterase reactivators, but they are not effective against the pesticide poisoning mentioned above and must be used together with atropine. The dosage of iodophor is 20 mg / kg body weight, intravenous injection, and the drug is repeated once every 12 hours if necessary. Phosphoryl chloride is given at a dose of 20 mg / kg body weight at a time. Diplopsate crosses the blood-brain barrier and acts similarly to atropine, at a dose of 15-30 mg / kg body weight at a time. However, individual dogs are allergic to iodophorin and chlorinate and should be noted. In addition, diphenhydramine is also available, 1 to 4 mg / kg, orally, 3 times a day, mainly for cases of muscle spasms and tremors.

Third, organic fluorine poisoning

Symptoms: Dogs drank water contaminated with organic fluorine compounds, or rats that had been poisoned with fluoroacetamide, causing central nervous excitement. Anxiety, vomiting, dyspnea, arrhythmia, increased defecation, screaming, muscle paroxysmal or tonic convulsions, foaming in the mouth, and finally coma and wheezing, and died of convulsions due to respiratory depression and heart failure.

Treatment: Acetamide (Jefflurane) can prolong the incubation period of poisoning and reduce the symptoms. Dosage is 0.1 mg / kg body weight each time. The first dose is half of the whole day, and the remaining half is divided into 4 portions and injected every 2 hours. Be sure to take the medicine early and the dose must be sufficient. If used in combination with chlorpromazine and barbitur, it can reduce the excitability of the central nervous system. Can be used with vomiting and gastric lavage to allow sick dogs to eat raw egg white to protect the digestive tract mucosa. Intravenous injection of 5-10 ml of calcium gluconate is also beneficial.

Fourth, Antox rodent poisoning

Symptoms: Ingestion of this white, odorless crystalline powder can cause increased pulmonary capillary permeability, and large amounts of plasma enter the lung tissue, resulting in pulmonary edema. The sick dog vomited and foamed in the mouth, followed by diarrhea, cough, dyspnea, depression, mucous membrane cyanosis, and foamy bloody mucus flowing from the nostrils. Due to dyspnea, dogs often take a sitting position, have a weak pulse rate, and have low temperature. After 12 hours, they may die from hypoxia. This medicine has no specific antidote, and can be used to induce vomiting, gastric lavage, catharsis, rehydration, and diuresis.

Fifth, poisoning of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, such as enemy substitution, 666, TDE, chlordane, endosulfan and other pesticides

Symptoms: Extreme excitement, manic irritation, head and neck tremor first, which affects the whole body, salivation, no or little food, diarrhea. In severe cases, the mucous membranes are red, restless, and paroxysmal systemic spasms occur from time to time with white foam in the corners of the mouth. Hearing and tactile manifestations are allergic. If the poison is ingested orally, vomiting may occur and the body temperature rises. Once it falls to the ground, the limbs will be scrambled, and the bow will be stretched.

Treatment: Wash method and gastric lavage can be used, and then use a salt laxative to guide diarrhea. Giving sedatives can treat hyperexcitability in dogs symptomatically. Because dogs are dehydrated and do not eat, intravenous fluids should be given. Those who have been poisoned by the skin should use a large amount of warm soapy water to clean the part, and those who are poisoned by the mouth are given activated carbon and artificial salt. Do not induce vomiting! Causes muscle spasms. To control excessive excitement, diazepam and pentobarbital are commonly used, but if there is no convulsions, pentobarbital cannot be applied, only diazepam can be applied.

6. Zinc phosphide rodenticide poisoning, gray rodent commonly used rodenticide

Symptoms: Symptoms usually appear within 15 minutes to 4 hours, causing abdominal pain, indigestion, vomiting, coma, lethargy, suffocation, diarrhea, blood in the stool. The vomit contains dark blood, phosphorescence visible in the dark, and an acetylene odor. Dyskinesia, barking, elevated body temperature and acidosis, and finally struggled with extremities, feeling allergic until muscle spasm, death due to hypoxia.

Treatment: 10-30 ml of 0.2% -0.5% copper sulfate solution can be administered to induce vomiting. Stomach lavage can use 0.02% potassium permanganate solution, and then use 15 grams of sodium sulfate. Intravenous hypertonic glucose solution protects the liver. In the early stage, 5% sodium bicarbonate can also be used for gastric lavage. Oral 5% sodium bicarbonate can increase gastric pH and prevent release of zinc phosphide. Fasting for 24 hours to reduce gastric acid secretion.

Seven, carbamate poisoning, such as carbamazepine, carbendazim, carbamazepine, furatan, carbamazepine, mixed carbamazepine, etc.

Symptoms: Similar to organophosphate poisoning, but its duration is short

Treatment: It is basically the same as organophosphorus treatment. Atropine sulfate should be injected as soon as possible, and medication can be repeated if necessary.

8. Arsenic (arsenic) poisoning

Symptoms: Severe abdominal pain, muscle tremor, salivation, vomiting, faltering, diarrhea, thirst, hind limb paralysis, swelling of the oral mucosa, darkened gums, and severe oral mucosal ulceration and shedding. Some dogs showed excitement, convulsions, sweating, coldness at the ends of their bodies, and muscle paralysis in some parts. Male dogs can see prolapse of penis.

Treatment: 1 to 2 ml of 10% dithiopropanol is usually used, intramuscularly once every 1 to 2 hours, and 3 to 4 times in a row. Can also be injected intravenously with 50 to 80 ml of 5% sodium thiosulfate solution.

Food poisoning

Symptoms: Bacteria in spoiled foods, such as Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Clostridium botulinum, etc., cause severe vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and acute gastrointestinal inflammation. The dog is depressed, heart failure, normal or slightly lower temperature. Severe poisoning can cause convulsions, restlessness, difficulty breathing, and severe convulsions.

Treatment: Those who have been poisoned by spoiled fish, the incubation period is not more than 2 hours, the dog suddenly vomits, diarrhea, dyspnea, polydipsia, dilated pupils, ataxia, coma, hindquarter paralysis, weakness, hematuria, black stools, Intravenous or subcutaneous injection of glucose, vitamin C, oral diphenhydramine, intramuscular or subcutaneous injection of penicillin. Staphylococcal poisoning. In the initial stage, intravenous emetic apomorphine can be injected at a dose of 0.04 mg / kg body weight. If necessary, gastric lavage, fluid replacement and symptomatic treatment. At the same time hungry therapy, stop feeding. For poisoning caused by Clostridium botulinum toxin, antitoxin serum should be injected intravenously or intramuscularly. The stomach can be lavaged with 0.01% potassium permanganate solution, administered with laxatives or enemas, intravenous infusion, and penicillin injected intramuscularly.

Ten, phenol poisoning, widely used in public health disinfection, common are carbolic acid, lysore, guaiacol, xylene

Symptoms: Damage to the nervous system, redness on contacting skin, exudation. Causes depression, vomiting, tonic convulsions, paralysis.

Treatment: If the skin is poisoned by phenol preparation, the local skin is washed with water, then rinsed with 10% ethanol, and the affected area is wrapped with an oil immersion dressing. Poisoned by ingestion of phenol preparations can be gastric lavage, oral milk, egg green or activated carbon, intravenous diuretics, intramuscular injection of isoproterenol.

11. Shi Ning poisoning, usually dyed red, purplish red, green when used as a rodenticide

Symptoms: appear within 10 minutes to 1 hour after ingestion. The earliest is fear, hypersensitivity, muscle stiffness, abdominal and neck muscle stiffness. When the most obvious fear of light, sound, touch and other stimulus factors, there may be strong seizure-like seizures, similar to tetanus, no trauma to the body surface, the degree of spasm in both hands increased.

Treatment: When there are no spasms and hypersensitivity, you can induce vomiting, gastric lavage, use of sedatives, intubation and oxygen delivery, and artificial respiration if necessary.

Twelve, cholecalciferol poisoning, granular bait

Symptoms: symptoms appear within 24 hours after ingestion, vomiting, anorexia, polyuria, thirst, hypercalcemia.

Measures: induce vomiting as soon as possible after ingestion, and administer 1 g / ml of activated carbon, and then apply sodium sulfate to treat hypercalcemia. Serum calcium should be continuously measured 24, 48, and 96 hours after ingestion of poison. Within one week after poisoning, avoid direct sunlight and feed low-calcium dog food.

Thirteen, tromethamine poisoning, trade name rodentine, powder

Symptoms: vomiting, abdominal pain, muscle trembling, general weakness, diabetes and blindness later, coma, respiratory and heart failure after 12 to 24 hours.

Measures: Early vomiting, gastric lavage, intramuscular injection of 500-1000 mg of nicotinamide, intramuscular injection of 200-300 mg every 4 hours within 48 hours, and oral administration of nicotinamide, 200 mg 3 times a day for 2 weeks. Always test your urine after surviving to detect diabetes early.