What Does an Architect Do?

An architect is a person who has received professional education or training and whose main occupation is architectural design. The architect cooperates with the project investor (commonly known as Party A) and the construction party to realize the construction of the building in terms of technology, economy, function and shape.

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Teacher: E. Saarinen

Helsinki Railway Station, Finland, was built from 1906 to 1916. It is a treasure in station buildings at the beginning of this century and an important architectural example of the early modernist category in Northern Europe. It has a clear outline, bright shape, and concise details, which not only reflects the characteristics of masonry buildings, but also reflects the trend of modernist architecture. The designer of the Helsinki Railway Station was the famous architect Eliel Saarinen (1873-1950). The Helsinki Railway Station is a masterpiece of his romantic classicism architecture. The squares are round and side by side, so it is lively, commemorative and not dull, and is regarded as one of the fine arts of architecture in the 20th century.

Mira Apartments, Barcelona, Spain (1906--1910)

Architect: A. Gaudi

The Mira apartment was built in Barcelona, Spain, from 1906 to 1910. The famous Spanish architect A. Gaudi (1852-1926) who designed the Mira apartment was a man who dared to open up another path in the exploration of architectural art. He tried to infiltrate plastic art into In the construction of the space, in the design of the Mira apartment, the focus is on the artistic expression of the shape. He used his imagination, his architecture was strange and grotesque. At the same time, it absorbed the style of Islamic architecture, combined with the structural characteristics of Gothic architecture, adopted natural forms, and carefully explored his original plastic architectural model.

Lincoln Memorial, Washington, USA (1919-1922)

Architect: H. Bacon

Designed by American architect Henry Bacon, Lincoln Memorial

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An artificial highland at the end of the avenue covers an area of 2,200 square meters and is opposite the Washington Monument. The memorial draws on the traditional methods of ancient Greek temples, surrounded by 36 marble Doric columns, symbolizing the 36 states of the United States during the Lincoln era. Although the plane resembles an ancient Greek temple, it does not have the mountain flowers of the usual Greek temple, but a roof layer that goes in and is placed on top of the classical column. Inside the memorial hall, the plan is divided into a main hall and two side halls with array columns. The walls of the side hall are painted with murals representing Lincoln's most significant achievements and important events in his life. The climax of the entire memorial hall is the statue of Lincoln, which is located in the middle of the main hall directly opposite the entrance. Guided by the longitudinal sequence from the entrance to the statue, people will feel the solemnity of the atmosphere. Later, people will gradually see this Lincoln statue with a serious expression in the sunlight scattered into the room. The arrangement of Lincoln statue and the clever sequence of the vertical and horizontal directions lead to a solemn atmosphere. This is an outstanding handwriting in the design of this memorial building. .

Stockholm City Hall, Sweden (1909-1923)

Architect: R. Osterberg

In the 1920s, the call to create a new architectural style has risen in Western Europe, while the traditional architectural style still maintains a strong momentum. This city hall, completed in 1923, is an expression of respect and inheritance of tradition. In the design of the town hall, Swedish architect R. Osterberger respected classical architecture but was not limited by it. He blended a variety of architectural styles and techniques in history to create this form of high and low, false and real. Harmonious waterside buildings. The several halls in the town hall are ornately decorated, and have the poetic and picturesque taste of Northern Europe. They are considered a boutique of national romantic architecture.

Schroder House, Ude, Netherlands

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City of Lech (1924)

Architect: G. Rietveld

The designer G. Rietveld was a furniture designer and architect, influenced by the "style school" of the Netherlands at the time. Style artist advocacy

The artwork should be a combination of geometric shapes and pure color blocks. This Schroder residence is a typical expression of the style art claim in the field of architecture. Consisting of light walls, simple bodies, and large pieces of glass, the composition is vertical and horizontal, and the composition is very similar to the painting of the famous Dutch artist Mondrian at that time, like a three-dimensional style school painting. The Schroder residence has had a great influence on the architectural art concepts of many modern architects.

Bauhaus school building, Germany (1926)

Architect: w. Gropius

This complex was designed by renowned architect W. Gropius

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, Built in Dessau, Germany. It consists of a teaching building, an internship factory and a student dormitory. The characteristic of the spatial layout is that the groups are divided into groups according to the use of functions, which are both independent and convenient to connect. Both the teaching building and the internship factory are on four floors and occupy the largest area. At the other end of the dormitory is a six-story building, connected by a two-story dining room and auditorium. At the center of the group and connecting the ministries are the administration, teacher's office and library. The building covers an area of 2630 square meters. The combination of these different heights not only creates the space-time feeling of viewing the architectural group while traveling, but also expresses the organic relationship between the buildings, and also reflects the design features of the "Bauhaus": Attaching importance to space design, emphasizing function and structural efficiency, directly linking architectural aesthetics with architectural purpose, material performance, economy and exquisite construction. Both the school building and the Bauhaus school's teaching policies and methods have greatly influenced the development of modern architecture.

Villa Savoy, Poissy, France (1928-1930)

Architect: Le Corbusier

Villa Savoye in France

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In the suburbs of Paris, this is a wealthy villa. Designed by Master Le Corbusier in 1928 and completed in 1930. The plot is twelve acres and the building occupies only 20.50 meters x 20 meters, square and three storeys high. The value of this villa far exceeds itself as a detached house. Due to its important position in the history of Western "modern architecture", it is known as one of the classic works of "modern architecture". All of Yeah's architecture and urban planning are linked. Many of Le Corbusier's architectural ideas were early reflected in the design of small houses. In 1926, he compared the "new building" with the old one, and proposed five characteristics of the new building: (1) the pillar level, the main room on the second floor; (2) the roof garden; (3) the free plan; ) Long horizontal windows; () Free façade (becomes a piece of transparent or opaque thin wall for free handling). Villa Savoy is a masterpiece that reflects the above characteristics and is completely different from traditional residential buildings. From the appearance, the shape is simple, but the internal space is very complicated. It is quite different from traditional European houses, showing the fierce innovation spirit and architectural concept of the architectural movement in the 1920s.

German Pavilion at the Barcelona Fair, Spain (1929)

Architect: Mies van der Rohe

The 1929 Barcelona World Expo has a virtue

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The national pavilion has sensationalized the entire construction industry. After the exposition, the pavilion was demolished along with it. It has been in existence for less than half a year, but its significant impact has continued. German architect Master Mies van der Rohe fully embodies the "less is more" architectural treatment principle he put forward in 1928 in this building. He believes that contemporary fairs should no longer have the design ideas of being magnificent and competitive, and should step into the philosophical field of culture. The building itself is the main body of the exhibit. Shaping the building space with the horizontal and vertical layout, the use of transparent and opaque materials, and structural modeling, etc., bring the building to a poetic level. The German pavilion is built on a pedestal. The main hall has eight metal pillars with a thin roof. The wall panels made of marble and glass are also simple and clean sheets. They are crisscrossed and flexibly arranged to form a space sequence that is both divided and connected, and simple and complex. The interior and exterior are also interspersed with each other, without sharp boundaries, forming a wonderful circulation space. The whole building has no additional carved decoration. However, the choice of color, texture and texture of the building materials is very fine, with an exquisite combination and precise proportions, so that the entire building shows noble, elegant, vivid and bright quality, showing to people The quality of architectural art is unprecedented in history. The pavilion had an extensive influence on the architectural art style of the 20th century. Half a century later, in 1983, the Spanish government decided to rebuild the exhibition hall in its original site, Monjuch Park in Barcelona, Spain. Hosted by the famous Spanish architect C. Sirisi and others.

Empire State Building, New York, USA (1931)

Architect: SLH Architects

On New York's bustling Manhattan Island, in the early 1930s in just one year

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For the most time, the tallest building in the world was built

House-Empire State Building, 381 meters high. It has maintained the title of height champion for 42 years. To this day, its height is still ahead of the world. The design of the Empire State Building began on March 1, 1930, and was designed by Sirif, Lamb and Harmon. The first steel column began to be erected on April 7th, and the steel structure was installed on September 22nd, and all were completed and delivered on May 1, 1931. It took only one year and one month to complete. The steel skeleton completed one layer on average one and a half days until the 1970s, and it kept the best record in construction speed. The high-speed construction of this building is inseparable from the precise production of its steel components and the rigorous construction organization.

Water Villa, USA (1935)

Architect: FL Wright

The Water Villa is a classic work of American architect FL Wright,

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It is a country house designed for German immigrant Kauffman. The house is small with a construction area of only 400 square meters. However, since its birth, it has been valued by people. Today, half a century has passed and new buildings have come out one after another, but the flowing water villas are still praised by people and listed as a national key cultural relic for protection. The flowing water villa is located in a beautiful mountain forest. FL Wright built the villa over a small waterfall formed by a complex terrain and a stream falling. The entire villa uses the cantilever force of reinforced concrete to protrude above the streams and small waterfalls. The house responds with the "silent voice" and self-renewal as the seasons change. An example is the relationship between the nature of building dynamics and the velocity dynamics of waterfalls. The snow and ice melted, and the strong momentum of the spring water made the building look more like a group of ochre rocks exposed from the ground. When the water trickled in summer, it seemed to let the villa perform a muscle curling action before the animals hibernate. The building itself is dense and dense, there are real and false, and it blends closely with mountains, stones, forests and water. The artificial building and the natural environment are integrated into one and contrast each other. The Water Villa is not only one of the most outstanding works of FL Wright's own works, but also a rare flower in the 20th century world architectural garden.

United Nations Headquarters Building, New York, USA (1946 ~ 1952)

Architect: wK Harrison

The design director of the United Nations Headquarters is American architect Wallis Harrison. At the same time, an international advisory committee composed of 10 countries including Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Switzerland, Sweden, Uruguay, the United Kingdom, the former Soviet Union and China was established. Representing China on the Design Advisory Committee is Mr. Liang Sicheng. The Design Advisory Committee discussed 53 options. In May 1947, a final plan based on the French architect Le Corbusier's plan was adopted. The implementation of the building plan was led by American architect Harrison. The building was completed in 1952. The United Nations Headquarters consists of four buildings: the Secretariat Building, the General Assembly Building, the Conference Building, and the Library. The Secretariat building is a slab building with 39 floors above ground and 165.8 meters high. Its east and west sides are blue-green glass curtain walls, and its two end faces are narrow solid walls. The General Assembly Hall is on one side of the building, with a concave curve at the top and sides. The Council building is located between the Secretariat building and the General Assembly Hall, facing the river. Compared to historically built government and parliamentary buildings, the United Nations Headquarters complex is very special. The complexity of its functions and the innovativeness of its styling and composition are incomparable to those of previous buildings. The emergence of the United Nations headquarters building marks the widespread recognition of modern architectural style in the mid-20th century.

Apartment in Marseille (one of Corbisier's works)

Marseille Apartments, France (1946 ~ 1952)

Architect: Le Corbusier

The building known as the "Marseille apartment" is one of Le Corbusier's famous masterpieces. This large apartment house was his first attempt at the idea of a "residential unit" in his ideal modern city. Le Corbusier believes that under modern conditions, cities can not only maintain high population density, but also form a quiet and hygienic environment. His ideal modern city is a huge skyscraper in the central area, high-rise buildings, large green spaces between the buildings, a modern and neat road network arranged on different levels of the plane, and people living in "residential units". A "residential unit" can almost contain the content of a residential community, with various living welfare facilities, and a building becomes the basic unit of a city. This 17-storey "residential unit" apartment complex designed by Marseille and built on the outskirts of Marseille can accommodate 337 households of about 1,600 people. The Masai apartment was the first large building to be entirely covered with precast concrete siding, the main body being a cast-in-situ reinforced concrete structure. After the cast-in-place concrete formwork was removed, the surface was left without any treatment, so that the concrete showing rough traces of manual operation was exposed, showing a rough, original, simple and honest artistic effect. The "laurel" of the ancestor of "rudeism".

Church of Ronchamp, France (1950-1953)

Architect: Le Corbusier

The church designed by Le Corbusier was completed in 1953. The formal beauty of geometric composition has always been talked about, advocating the use of new technologies to meet new functions and creating new forms of "modern architecture", and a well-known architect who follows the direction of rationalism in the practice of architectural creation, but has designed a shocking Sexual fancy building. This is a small Catholic church in the mountains. It has broken through all the shapes of the Catholic Church for thousands of years, its shape is distorted and chaotic, it is abnormally deformed, and it is weird and mysterious. It stands like a rock on a hill surrounded by mountains as a holy place. The Church of Ronchamp is one of the most noticeable works designed by Le Corbusier since World War II. It represents a change in Le Corbusier's creative style and the development of Western "modern architecture" Had a major impact. Seagram Building,

Seagram Building, New York (1954-1958)

Architect: Mies van der Rohe

The Seagram Building in New York was built from 1954 to 1958. It has a total of 40 floors and a height of 158 meters. It was designed by the famous architects Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson. In the 1950s after World War II, the tendency to exquisite technology occupied a dominant position in the western architectural world. And people regard Mies's pursuit of purity, transparency and precision construction of steel glass boxes as a representative of this tendency. The Seagram Building is a typical example of this tendency. The main body of the building is a cuboid. Except for the ground floor and the top floor, the curtain wall of the building is straight up and down, uniform and unchanged. The window frame is made of steel, and a copper bar with an I-shaped cross section is also protruded on the wall surface, which increases the unevenness of the wall surface and the upward momentum. The detailed treatment of the entire building has been carefully considered, concise and meticulous, highlighting the aesthetic qualities of materials and craftsmanship. The Seagram Building realized Mies's conception of skyscrapers in the early 1920s, and is considered one of the classic works of modern architecture.

Yoyogi National Indoor Stadium, Tokyo, Japan (1964)

Architect: Kenji Tanshita

The Yoyogi Gymnasium designed by the Japanese master Architect Kenzo Tanoshi is a symbol of technological progress in the 1960s. It is detached from traditional structures and shapes and is known as an epoch-making work. The overall composition, interior space, and structural form of the Yoyogi National Indoor Gymnasium demonstrate the outstanding creativity, imagination, and unique understanding of Japanese culture by Yamashita Tanaka. Large-scale comprehensive sports facilities consisting of facilities. The suspension roof structure with high-tension cables as the main body creates a large interior space with tension and dynamics. The peculiar exterior shape and decorative expression seem to be traced back to the shrine form and vertical cave-type residence, which is the prototype of ancient Japan, with primitive imagination. This can be said to be the pinnacle of Tanzo Kenzo's structural expressionist period, which maximizes the outstanding ability of materials, functions, structures, and proportions to a highly unified historical perspective. The building is Kenzo Tango, and it is also a culmination of the development of Japanese modern architecture. Japanese modern architecture even uses this work as a boundary, divided into two historical periods before and after.

Sydney Opera House, Australia (1959-1973)

Architect: J. Wu Zhong

Near the Sydney Bridge, Australia, is Beni Lang Island surrounded by water on three sides. On this island stands a group of sailing mooring harbors, such as the white cranes flying in a group of buildings, which is the world-famous Sydney Opera House. The Sydney Opera House is peculiar in shape and extraordinary in appearance. The eight thin shells are divided into two groups of four, each covering two halls. Two other small shells are placed on the small restaurant. A steel truss is hung under the shell, and a ceiling is under the truss. The two sets of thin shells are symmetrical and mutually leaning on each other. The Sydney Opera House, designed by Danish architect J. Wu Zhong, is huge and covers an area of 1.8 hectares. It is located on a solid granite base 19 meters from the sea and the highest shell top is 60 meters from the sea. It includes a 2,700-seat concert, a 1,550-seat opera house, a 550-seat theatre, a 420-seat rehearsal hall, as well as numerous exhibition venues, libraries and other cultural service facilities, with a total construction area of 88,000 square meters. Meters, including spectators and staff, can accommodate 7,000 people at the same time, is actually a large-scale comprehensive cultural performance center. The opera house cost 14 million US dollars from design to completion for 14 years, and was widely loved by people after its completion.

World Trade Center, New York, USA (1973)

Architect: Yamazaki

The World Trade Center on Manhattan Island in New York is currently the world's largest trade agency and one of the tallest buildings in the world. Covering an area of approximately 6.5 hectares, the New York World Trade Center is a $ 700 million, six-building complex consisting of a customs building, a restaurant, two dedicated government trade agencies, and international merchandise exhibitions. The nine-story building and two main buildings-a 110-story tower with a height of 411.5 meters. Both buildings are square pillars with exactly the same shape. Each side is 63.5 meters wide, and each tower has an area of 466,000 square meters. The total area of the two towers is more than 930,000 square meters. The exterior walls of the building are densely packed steel columns, and the exterior is covered with silver aluminum plates. The building is subject to a lot of wind pressure. Under ordinary wind pressure, the swing of the roof is 2.5 cm, and the measured maximum displacement is 28 cm. There are 50,000 people working in the World Trade Center. 80,000 guests a day. The two buildings have 46 high-speed elevators, 114 section elevators, and 8 freight elevators. A passenger elevator can carry up to 55 people. The elevator can directly reach the parking lot that can hold 2,000 cars, and is connected to the subway. It can quickly evacuate staff and visitors to the World Trade Center in all directions.

Centre Pompidou, Paris, France (1977)

Architects: R. Rogers and R. Piano

The total cost of the Pompidou Arts and Cultural Centre is approximately 480 million francs, with a total area of approximately 100,000 square meters. The building has an industrial design center, a music and acoustics institute, a modern art museum, a library of public information knowledge, and corresponding service facilities. The entire building is surrounded by criss-crossed pipes and steel frames. It is not like our usual museum, but an authentic chemical factory. This artistic and cultural center was designed by Italian architect R. Piano and British architect R. Rogers. They believe that modern architecture often overlooks the decisive structure and design. In order to change this outdated concept, the structure and equipment are specially highlighted and praised. The 6-story steel structure and elevator. The cables, upper and lower water pipes, and ventilation pipes are all hung on the facade and painted with red and green colors. The architect intentionally designed the building as a mechanical frame-like device, making the interior a large, unobstructed space, allowing the interior layout to be flexibly changed. This center is a masterpiece of high-tech architecture of this century.

National Gallery East, Washington, USA (1978)

Architect: Pei Ming

For Pei Mingming, the expansion of the National Art Museum does not create a simple building on the base. The base is restricted by conditions, cooperates with the original building, its status in Washington, and the needs of the architectural plan. Both are daunting challenges. The East Hall of the National Gallery of Washington, completed in 1978, includes two parts, the exhibition hall and the Art Research Center. It is between the House of Parliament and the White House. It is the last vacant lot in front of the White House and its location is important. But the shape of the lot is incomplete, it is a beveled wedge (trapezoid). Because the East Pavilion is part of the entire museum, its gate must face the old pavilion (a neoclassical building) built in 1941. At the same time, the two parts of the exhibition hall and the research center are required to have their own points of entry and exit. This usually brings some trouble: if there are two doors on one side, if they are not handled well, one will feel that one is a gate and the other is a "dog hole". The designer divided the trapezoid into two triangles: a large isosceles triangle for the exhibition hall; a smaller right-angled triangle for the research center. The entrance to the exhibition hall is set at the bottom of the isosceles triangle, and the small gate of the research center is set in the recess between the two triangles. The whole idea of the building is changed from triangles, and there is no ordinary rectangular space. The shape is both casual and simple yet solemn and elegant. The center of the exhibition hall is a multi-layered space, which is connected by vertical and horizontal sky bridges. The top of the central hall is a glass skylight. In the middle, there are vertical and horizontal trestle bridges or raised and quadruple corridors. As the visitor walks through it, the scene changes with time, and the space scene changes greatly. The East Pavilion is adjacent to the Old Classical Pavilion and the nearby U.S. Capitol, and cooperates in the comparison. At the opening, President Carter personally cut the ribbon, praising the building as the best art museum in the world.

Hayy Museum of Art, Atlanta, USA (1983)

Architect: R. Meyer

American architect R. Meyer is known for his expertise in designing art galleries. The exterior of the Hay Museum is complex and varied, with vivid silhouettes. R. Meyer's architectural works use white. Under the sun, the light and shadow levels are very rich. There is a fan-shaped atrium in the interior, and the interior space flows in both horizontal and vertical directions, with many scenes.

HSBC Bank Building, China (1985)

Architect: N. Foster

This is the work of British architect N. Foster. The steel columns and steel trusses are prominently exposed on the exterior of the building, becoming the protagonists of the facade. The bottom of the building is completely open, and the escalator extends from the second floor. The personnel enter the building from the escalator up, and the space in the building is opened as much as possible. This building shows the achievements of modern technology everywhere, belonging to the "high-tech school" architectural style, although this building is not decorated, but the actual cost is quite expensive.

Lloyd's Building, London, UK (1979-1986)

Architect: R. Rogers

Richard Rogers, who specializes in exposed structures and expresses his "High-Tech" style, is one of the most famous architects in the world today. The London-based Lloyd's headquarters building he designed includes a 12-story insurance business hall that can accommodate 10,000 people at the same time, and a staircase-shaped office building. The architect considered the company's continuous expansion and the possibility of phased expansion of the building. In the design, the stair towers and main pipelines wrapped with steel plates, as well as the structural parts were exposed to the building ***. This innovative approach has surprised many architects. It reflects the new image given to the building by the highly developed level of industrialization and makes it possible for the building to continue to "grow".

Louvre Expansion Project, Paris, France (1988)

Architect: Pei Ming

The Louvre expansion project completed in 1988 is an important work of Pei Ming, a world-renowned architect. Bayer placed the expansion part underground of the Louvre, avoiding the difficulties of the narrow site and the conflict between the old and new buildings. The entrance to the extension is placed in the middle of the main courtyard of the Louvre. This entrance is designed as a side 35 meters long. A glass pyramid of 21.6 meters high. This is Pei Ming's experience in studying the surrounding buildings, and once again confirmed the close relationship between Pei Ming's design and the environment. The bottom of the pyramid is 35.4 meters long. The bottom is parallel to the building, that is, parallel to the azimuth. It is the same as the layout of the Egyptian pyramids, which strengthens the relationship with the environment. The shape of the pyramid is simple and prominent, and the all-glass wall is clear and translucent, without the sense of heavy congestion. Many people opposed the plan at first, but it was widely praised after the pyramid was built. Around the glass pyramid is another large square pool. The pool turned 45 degrees. The triangle on the west side was canceled. An empty space was left as the entrance square. The building was opposed by three angles to form three triangular small pools. The surface of the three triangular pools next to the pyramid is like a mirror. In the clear and sunny season, the glass pyramid reflects the pool and the environment, which adds another dimension to the building and enriches the landscape. At the corner of the turned Founder Pool, it is next to four other triangular pools of different sizes to form another square, parallel to the pyramid building. Each triangular pool has a giant column fountain, like a large crystal column supporting the crystal Glass pyramid. At Napoleon Square, Pei Ming integrated the building and the landscape into one.

Bank of China Tower, Hong Kong, China (1989)

Architect: Pei Ming

The Bank of China Tower began planning and designing at the end of 1982, and the bank relocation started on March 19, 1990. It lasted for more than 6 years. The building base covers an area of about 8,400 square meters, and is a piece of land bound by elevated roads. To meet the floor space requirements of the building, it is necessary to "stand out" in the high-rise Hong Kong Central District. The Bank of China Tower is located in the central district of Hong Kong. It is 70 stories high, with a total height of 315 meters (with the antenna on the top) and a total construction area of 128.60 square meters. The exterior wall of the building is embedded with aluminum panels and silver reflective glass, and the ground floor of the building is paved with different shades of gray granite. The entire building is supported by four-corner 12-story giant steel columns, and a series of concrete-clad steel brazed braces are added inside and outside. This not only brings a unique appearance to the building's appearance, but also saves 40% of steel than traditional methods. Columns, open space. The ground floor of the building is a 52m × 52m square, divided into 4 triangles along two diagonal lines. Pei Mingming once again exerted his design genius. He focused on portraying the new shape of the building. Through the clever transformation of the triangular mother body, the heights were raised, the shape was simple and lively and extremely iconic, forming the outline of the Hong Kong city. A commanding height.

Taisaka Hikari's Church, Japan (1989)

Architect: Tadao Ando

The design of the church building is very unique among Tadao Ando's works, because this type of building must first evoke a spiritual resonance, and Tadao Ando is based on its abstraction, calmness, silence, purity, and geometry. The creation of space allows the human spirit to find a resting place. The design of the Otsuka church is extremely abstract and simple. It is only a small church of 113.04 square meters, located at the corner of a quiet residential street in Osaka. The building is just a simple concrete box type. There is no iconic spire in a traditional church, but it is a space of great religious significance. It presents a quiet beauty and has the same atmosphere as the Japanese dry landscape garden. The layout of the building is determined by the location of the original wooden church and pastor's house on the site and its relationship with the sun. The concrete wall on the front of the chapel has a cross-shaped cutout, showing a light cross. Minimize openings in the interior of the building, and the main body is limited to the expression of natural light. This is Tadao Ando's so-called abstraction of nature.

Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain (1995-1997)

Architect: F. Gehry

Bilbao Guggenheim Museum invested by local

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Built and operated by the Guggenheim Museum in New York and providing exhibits, it is considered a 21st century-oriented museum. This is another Guggenheim Museum built in Bilbao, Spain. The pavilion has a construction area of 24,000 square meters and is located on the riverside of Levion. The body shape of the main part is complicated and difficult to name. The museum's shape is composed of curved blocks. The interior is made of steel. The exterior is decorated with shiny titanium. The total area of the titanium plate is 27.87 million square meters. The unique shape is the continuation of the personal style of the architect F. Gehry in recent years; it is also the wish of the head of Guggenheim, who hope that this building will have a strong appeal and become the city's Peugeot. F. Gehry relied on computer software used in aeronautical design in the design process, which made F. Gehry's ideas even more powerful. In the overall layout, he also gave further play to his artistic packaging ideas, but this time the scope of "packaging" was much larger than his other works. The main pavilions are still organized. In order to facilitate the arrangement of exhibits, the base part of the first floor is relatively regular. The dynamic futile part is mainly the entrance hall and surrounding auxiliary rooms, and the changing form gradually shrinks upward. The museum is built by the water and forms an organic combination with the urban overpass. This concept embedded in the urban muscle also adds some theoretical basis to the uniquely shaped museum.