What Is an Exploration Geologist?

Li Siguang, the pioneer and founder of New China s geological cause, guided the prospecting of minerals based on his theory of terrestrial oil production. He successively discovered the famous Daqing Shengli Oilfield, which is the father of Chinese geology, a world-class scientist, and an industrial national hero of New China Petroleum. Li Zhongzheng, when he was 13 years old, he mistakenly entered age 14 into the name field when he enrolled in the elementary school. After adding a few strokes, he changed it to Li Siguang [5], taking the meaning of "the four tables of light", henceforth he used the name "Li Siguang" world

Geologist Li Siguang's Birthday

Right!

Li Siguang, the pioneer and founder of New China s geological cause, guided the prospecting of minerals based on his theory of terrestrial oil production. He successively discovered the famous Daqing Shengli Oilfield, which is the father of Chinese geology, a world-class scientist, and an industrial national hero of New China Petroleum. Li Zhongzheng, when he was 13 years old, he mistakenly entered age 14 into the name field when he enrolled in the elementary school. After adding a few strokes, he changed it to Li Siguang [5], taking the meaning of "the four tables of light", henceforth he used the name "Li Siguang" world

Chinese name

Li Siguang

Country of Citizenship

China

People

Han nationality

Major achievements

Pioneer and founder of geology

Li Siguang's birthday on October 26, 1889 On October 26, 1889, Li Siguang was born in a poor family in rural Huanggang County, Hubei Province. He was diligent and hard-working, and when he was 13 years old, he was admitted to Wuchang High School in the provincial capital with excellent grades, but he did not expect to study geology at that time. When he left his hometown and took a boat to Wuchang to go to school, he saw the imperialist warships raging in the Yangtze River and the big waves overturned the small wooden boats in China. He was very angry and vowed to learn to build ships and build large warships to drive foreigners The Yangtze River, driven out of China! Later, he was guaranteed to be sent to Japan with an excellent academic performance to study the shipbuilding industry. However, shipbuilding required steel, and steel required ore as raw material, so Li Siguang again sailed across the ocean and went to the United Kingdom to enter the University of Birmingham for pre-scientific mining. After studying for two years, he also considered that shipbuilding and machinery required iron ore and fuel, but iron ore and fuel were all buried underground. China is a land of vast resources, and its mineral deposits must be very rich. Therefore, the first important thing is to find iron ore, coal mines, and petroleum, and to master the key to open the underground treasure house, you must study geology, so he entered the Department of Geology to study geology, while also taking courses in the Department of Physics. During this period, he obtained a bachelor's and master's degree.
In the 1920s, Siguang Li was a professor in the Department of Geology, Peking University. Received a PhD in Science from the University of Birmingham. After the liberation, Li Siguang put forward important guiding opinions on China's energy, earthquake, and mineral resources, and promoted the development of China's geological work. He is also very proficient in paleontology, Quaternary glacial geology, and geomechanics. Li Siguang's other major contribution was to break the false assertion of "China's lean oil theory" and find a large oil field for the Chinese people.
For a long time, Chinese and foreign geologists have always agreed that "China is oil-poor." This is because the formations of large oil fields that were discovered in the world at that time were mostly formed by the ocean hundreds of millions of years ago. Therefore, it is believed that only marine strata can be found. Conditions for oil production. The stratum of China was mostly land hundreds of millions of years ago, so it is concluded that China is a poor country. Li Siguang disagrees with this view. After long-term research and investigation, he believes that no matter the marine formation or the terrestrial formation, as long as the conditions for oil production and the geological structure of oil storage can be found, large oil fields can be found. Under his inspection and research, Daqing Oilfield, Dagang Oilfield, Shengli Oilfield, and North China Oilfield were successively discovered. Li Siguang has made indelible contributions to the geology of our country.

Terrestrial oil-generating theory ^[1]

The "terrestrial oil generation theory" created and developed by mankind has a history of discovering and using oil and gas dating back thousands of years, but it has been more than 100 years since the application of modern science and technology to extract oil and natural gas. China is the earliest discovery and utilization in the world. One of the countries with oil and gas. But since the emergence of modern petroleum exploration technology in China in 1878, there has been little development in China s oil industry for nearly half a century. One of the important reasons is the concept of China s terrestrial poor oil. Bound people's minds. In 1913, American Mobil Corps organized an investigation team to conduct oil exploration surveys in Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Hebei, Northeast China, and parts of Inner Mongolia in China. It cost $ 3 million and hit 7 Prospecting wells of a depth of a hundred meters have yielded nothing. According to this, Professor Emmons of the University of Minnesota wrote in 1921: "All oil-producing layers are almost without exception marine formations or are closely related to marine formations. Freshwater formations. "In 1922, Brackwerd, a professor of geology at Stanford University in the United States, reiterated in a paper entitled" Petroleum Resources in China and Siberia "that China did not have Cenozoic marine sediments and published China's theory of terrestrial lean oil. The older generation of geologists based on solid geological theory combined with years of petroleum exploration experience, established the theory of "terrestrial oil search" suitable for China. The famous geologist Li Siguang wrote in 1928: "The failure of Mobil cannot prove China has no oil to do. Since the 1920s and 1930s, geologists represented by Xie Jiarong, Pan Zhongxiang, Huang Jiqing, and Sun Jianchu have successively conducted oil and gas geological surveys in the northern Shaanxi plateau, the Hexi Corridor, the Sichuan Basin, and the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains. Dushanzi oilfield in Xinjiang and Laojunmiao oilfield in Yumen, Gansu were found in continental basins in 1937 and 1939. In 1936, Sun Jian went out of Jiayuguan three times at the beginning of the year, and detailed geological and petroleum resources of Laojunmiao and Yougou in Yumen. Survey. In the winter of 1938, he and a group of 9 people including Yan Shuang, Jin Xigeng rode a camel, and reached the Laojunmiao of Yumen in the wind and snow. The next year, they drilled 6 shallow wells and discovered the Laojunmiao oil field. The older generation of petroleum geology The persistence of the work style of first practice and the spirit of continual exploration of the mysteries of nature opened the prelude to the search for oil in China's terrestrial facies. In 1941, the "Cretaceous terrestrial oil in northern Shaanxi and Sichuan, China" An epoch-making essay was presented for the first time at a meeting of the American Petroleum Geologists Association. The brand-new proposition "China's terrestrial oil" came from a Chinese youth who was studying for a doctorate at the University of Kansas? Zhong Xiang. In 1931, after graduating from Peking University, Pan Zhongxiang went to northern Shaanxi to conduct petroleum geological surveys four times, and carried out many field investigations in Sichuan and other places. He pointed out that "Northern Shaanxi oil is produced from the continental Triassic and Jurassic Luo system, Sichuan natural gas artesian well is undoubtedly also a terrestrial formation. "After studying in the United States, he also found in extensive literature such as the example of crude oil produced in the tertiary system of the Northwest Colorado Colorado s Padwas oilfield. Finally, the argument of "terrestrial stratigraphic oil generation" was finally put forward. By the end of the 1950s, the international geological community was still analyzing crude oil produced by terrestrial strata found all over the world. Although there were different sources and explanations for the genesis, The birth of the theory of landing facies oil will impact the dominant position of the marine facies oil theory as an important part of petroleum geology. It should be noted that during this period, some Chinese and foreign scholars acknowledged the formation and accumulation of terrestrial oil. In fact, it has not yet been proven that large-scale organic matter accumulation, transformation, and migration can form larger oil and gas fields. The proposal provided a basis for finding a large amount of oil in China's terrestrial basins. In the mid 1940s, the paleontological research work carried out by Chinese geologists in Yumen Oilfield provided new From 1955, people have found the Karamay Oilfield in the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, and successively found oil and gas fields in Jiuquan, Qaidam, Tarim, Sichuan, Ordos and other basins, all of which have fully demonstrated the petroleum prospects of terrestrial strata. At the end of the 1950s, the focus of China s petroleum exploration strategy moved eastward. An extraordinarily large oilfield, Daqing Oilfield, was discovered in the Songliao Basin. Its crude oil was produced from the Cretaceous terrestrial reservoirs, and the source rocks were also formed by terrestrial lake sediments. It is over 1,000 meters, with an area of about 1,000 square kilometers and an annual output of 50 million tons. This major breakthrough is not only a major progress in exploration practice, but also a great enrichment and improvement of petroleum geology. Daqing Oilfield The findings of the study eloquently prove that the formation of terrestrial oil and gas reservoirs is not only possible, but also can form large, medium and even large oil and gas fields. The discovery of the Daqing Oilfield not only shakes off the hat of "China's lean oil", but also shows that the study of terrestrial strata can develop China's petroleum industry. Since the 1960s, China has successively developed oil and gas basins and regions such as the Bohai Bay (including Dagang Oilfield and Liaohe Oilfield), Jianghan, Nanyang, Northern Jiangsu, Beibu Gulf, Erlian, etc., all of which were formed in continental petroleum basins Oil and gas reservoirs. Although the petroleum geological conditions of the continental basins are much more complicated than those of the marine basins, the oil and gas reserves are abundant. For example, a series of terrestrial oilfields discovered in the Bohai Bay Basin have large and medium scales, and some single wells can produce more than 1,000 tons per day. In the short period of time, terrestrial petroleum geological research has made such obvious and huge progress from exploration practice to the establishment of the theory, which has indeed made it difficult for some scientists in the world's petroleum geology community to understand and accept. Until 1966, some well-known foreign geologists still published articles that believed that the great achievements made by the Chinese in the Bohai Bay area and the theory of "terrestrial oil production" were "impossible and sensational." From the late 1960s to the 1970s, another major discovery was made in the terrestrial basins of the world. A series of large and medium-sized oil and gas fields formed by terrestrial sediments were found in the Gippsland Basin and Cooper Basin in Australia. After entering the 1970s, China has discovered a number of oil and gas fields in the Jianghan Basin, Hubei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, and Northern Jiangsu and Southwest Henan. In late 1975, the discovery of the ancient buried hill oilfield in Renqiu, Hebei opened up a new field of petroleum exploration. Terrestrial petroleum geology theory has also undergone different epistemological development stages from anticline oilfields, fault block oilfields to complex oil and gas accumulation zones. With the in-depth understanding and research of some terrestrial basins by petroleum geologists from China, Australia and other countries, the theory of terrestrial oil formation has been accepted by more and more petroleum geologists and geochemists. Some famous scholars in the United States, Australia and Germany have also published a lot of discussions on terrestrial oil. Of course, there is no doubt that Chinese petroleum geologists and geochemists have made extremely outstanding contributions to the theory of terrestrial oil generation and oil and gas reservoir formation. Professor AD Mallor, director of the Department of Geology, University of Toronto, Canada, after learning about the terrestrial petroliferous basins in China, wrote that "Chinese oil and gas reservoirs are generally formed in terrestrial sediments. As an expert on terrestrial sedimentary basins, I have come from there (China) Learned a lot about the basin. "