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Speech pathology refers to the subject of speech defects and diagnosis and treatment. Due to differences in the research subjects (including congenital and acquired) such as the disability of the vocal organs and the disturbance of motor nerves, it is often divided into two categories: the correction of speech defects and the recovery of speech disorders. The former focuses on physiological anatomy, while the latter focuses on neuropsychology. This originally belonged to the medical field, but because it is aimed at restoring normal speech, there are many tasks such as correcting the pronunciation of organ defects after surgery, and speaking exercises in the treatment of speech disorders, which require linguistics and experimental phonetics Knowledge, so this subject is often listed as a research project in modern linguistics.

Speech pathology

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Speech pathology refers to the subject of speech defects and diagnosis and treatment. Due to differences in the research subjects (including congenital and acquired) such as the disability of the vocal organs and the disturbance of motor nerves, it is often divided into two categories: the correction of speech defects and the recovery of speech disorders. The former focuses on physiological anatomy, while the latter focuses on neuropsychology. This originally belonged to the medical field, but because it is aimed at restoring normal speech, there are many tasks such as correcting the pronunciation of organ defects after surgery, and speaking exercises in the treatment of speech disorders, which require linguistics and experimental phonetics Knowledge, so this subject is often listed as a research project in modern linguistics.

Chinese name

Speech pathology

Brief introduction

It is a subject about speech defects and diagnosis and treatment

Classification

Speech Defect Correction and Speech Disorder Recovery

Speech defect correction

Focus on physiological anatomy

Speech disorder recovery

Focus on neuropsychology

Range

medicine

In addition to the causes of disability in speech mechanism, the most common congenital defects are lip loss and cleft palate. Patients with lip deficiency are vocal fricative (such as h) for lip sounds and lip tooth sounds such as p, f, etc., because the lips cannot be closed. The congenital cleft palate is mostly a cracking of the palate from the posterior palate to different degrees, leading to the loss of the soft palate and the small tongue. The pronunciation has to pass through the nasal cavity with a thick nasal sound. After the epiphysis was repaired, due to the lack of the habit of moving the tongue back to the upper part, the sounds such as the root sound of the tongue were incorrectly produced, and still had a nasal color. Therefore, it is difficult to correct the speech of patients with cleft palate and eliminate nasal sounds.

This is a common disease, it affects the quality of the voice, and some even become dumb. The vocal cords are hoarse or discouraged due to trauma or due to dysplasia or incomplete closure. There are many reasons for dumbness. Most of them are deaf, unable to learn speech since they were young, causing the pronunciation mechanism to be abolished and eventually dumb. The other is that the vocal cords are incomplete and dumb. For the former, gestures were used to talk. Recently, the "lip reading method" can be used to train patients to speak. but

Most of the patients are adults. Due to shock, shock or psychological stimulation, the nervous system of speech has been damaged, resulting in upside down or mistaken speech, making it difficult to speak.

There are many kinds of speech disorders, such as hoarseness, roughness, dryness, breath noise, harshness, deepness, etc. Some of these are neurological problems, and some are physiological phenomena. The former is caused by external factors, such as paralysis of the vocal cords caused by excessive voice or other reasons; the latter, such as congenital vocal cord irregularities, etc., do not fall into the scope of speech correction.

Speech disorders are closely related to the field of language studies, such as "

B. Malmberg (ed.), Mnul of Phonetics, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1968.

L. Nicolosi, E. Harryman and J. Kresheck, Termino-loy of Communiction Disorders, Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1978.