What Are Common Car Expenses?

China's latest national standard "Terms and Definitions of Car and Trailer Types" (GB / T 3730.1-2001) has the following definition of a car: a non-track-bearing vehicle driven by power and having 4 or more wheels, Mainly used for: carrying personnel and / or cargo; towing vehicles carrying personnel and / or cargo; special purpose.

The vehicle identification code (VIN) has global universality, maximum information carrying capacity and retrievability, and has become the only "identity card" for identifying vehicles in the world. VIN consists of a set of letters and Arabic numerals, a total of 17 digits. From the VIN, you can identify the country of manufacture, manufacturing company or manufacturer, type of car, brand, model series, body type, engine model, model year, safety guard model, inspection number, assembly factory name, and order number Wait. When each vehicle is marked with VIN, its code will be accompanied by vehicle registration, insurance, annual inspection, maintenance, repairs until scrapped.

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According to today's international practice, there are a total of five recognized international auto shows, three of which are in Europe:

China used to have no car manufacturing. The first car on China's land was an American-made Osmobil brand car imported in 1903, and obtained the No. 1 car driving license. Its owner is a Shanghai rich man.

The attempt to make a car in China was supported by the general warlord General Zhang Xueliang. In 1928, he hired a US technician to guide him. At the Shenyang Beidaying Military Factory, he successfully imitated the US IWC truck and installed 10 vehicles in one year.

Car pictures

China's first car came out in Shenyang in May 1929 and was manufactured by the Liaoning Mortar Factory under General Zhang Xueliang's control. Zhang Xueliang asked the director of the Minsheng Plant, Li Yichun, to buy a "Ruixue" vehicle from the United States as a prototype. Li Yichun disassembled the whole vehicle, and then redesigned and manufactured other parts except the original vehicle parts such as the engine rear axle, electrical devices, and tires. It took two years in May 1931, and finally trial-produced the first car in China, named It is admirable that the Minsheng 75 model car has pioneered Chinese-made cars.

In 1936, the Chinese government had plans to cooperate with German Mercedes-Benz to set up an official "Chinese automobile manufacturing company", which planned to assemble cars first and then manufacture cars. The following year, the Anti-Japanese War broke out, and the discussion was shelved. Until the Kuomintang left the mainland in 1949, China had only car use and repair.

Since the construction of the first automobile factory in July 1953, the production started in July 1956, and on July 13, 1957, China produced the first freight car with the Jiefang brand. The factory developed, designed and produced the first Red Flag passenger car with ups and downs, glory and disgrace in common with the political situation of the time, and was known as "Oriental Charm". For decades, China's automobile industry has developed rapidly. Especially since the reform and opening up, automobile production has adopted various high-tech and humanized safety and convenience facilities, drawing on the essence of foreign automobile scientific research. Not only has the traditional sturdy shape been adopted, but also the soft and charming style of stylish cars, smooth lines, and comfortable driving comfort have been born.

On May 5, 1983, representatives of Beijing Automobile Manufacturing Plant and American Automobile Company signed the "Operation Agreement" and "Joint Articles of Association". China's first vehicle joint venture will be born in the capital. In March 1985, Shanghai Volkswagen, the first domestic passenger car joint venture, which was overseen by the reform and opening-up chief designer Deng Xiaoping, was formally established. It marked the end of the history of the Chinese automobile industry's low-level "closed door construction" wandering, and opened the way to use foreign capital, introduce technology, and accelerate development.

From March 25 to April 12, 1986, the Fourth Session of the Sixth National People's Congress was held in Beijing. The meeting adopted the Seventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China. The pillar industries were written into the Seventh Five-Year Plan.

On August 12, 1987, the heads of relevant departments of the State Council gathered in Beidaihe. At the meeting, the decision to build three large passenger car bases in China was finalized, and the passenger car industry was designated as Shanghai, FAW, and FAW. The "three big three small" pattern commonly known in the industry has taken shape. The most important significance of this conference is to walk out of the vortex of "Does China want to develop the passenger car industry" and clarify the decision to develop the passenger car industry.

When the Audi 100 was introduced in 1988, the moment China and Germany signed the Audi 100 technology transfer agreement, the "FAW Audi 100" profoundly affected the Chinese passenger car market and even the passenger car industry.

On February 8, 1991, FAW-Volkswagen Co., Ltd. was established in Changchun with an investment of 4.2 billion yuan. The shareholding ratio between China and Germany is 6: 4. Its establishment marked the birth of China's largest automotive joint venture.

In 1991, the production of Shanghai-branded passenger cars ceased, and the Chinese passenger car industry was temporarily classified as an "independent product" under the squeeze of joint venture models. However, after more than ten years of development, SAIC Motor will return to the "autonomous era" again. At the 2007 Shanghai International Auto Show, the Shanghai-branded passenger car, which had been discontinued for 16 years, was reborn on the first fuel cell passenger car independently developed by SAIC.

Guangzhou Peugeot ceased production and liquidation in 1997. The failure of Guangzhou Peugeot was a tragedy that changed the "three small" pattern of Chinese cars, but the development of China's passenger car industry has not stopped. Peugeot made a comeback in 2003 and has developed smoothly in China. On December 18, 1999, Chery's first car, "Fengyun", went off-line, which opened the prelude to Chery's car manufacturing and also fired the first shot of its own brand passenger car.

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In the 20 years from 1980 to 2000, China's auto industry has developed by leaps and bounds. In 1992, China's annual automobile production exceeded 1 million vehicles, and in 2000 exceeded 2 million vehicles. The development of passenger car production has grown from 5,400 in 1980 to 610,000 in 2000. The increase in these numbers has all proved the leap-forward development at this stage. As people often say, the wheel of history is irresistible. There may be twists and turns, but even from a historical perspective, the development of automobiles is obviously making great strides forward.

At the end of 2001, China officially joined the WTO, taking this opportunity as an opportunity, China's automobile industry ushered in a new period of rapid development. In 2009, China's automobile production and sales were 137.9910 million and 13.6448 million, which surpassed the United States in one fell swoop, and was called the world's largest automobile production and sales country. In 2012, the annual production and sales of Chinese automobiles were 19,217,800 and 19.306,400, respectively, ranking first in the world for four consecutive years.

After ten years of rapid development, China's own-brand passenger car technology has made considerable progress. In the first half of 2013, FAW Hongqi, BAIC Shenbao, Changan Ruifeng, Geely Emgrand, BYD Siri and SAIC Roewe and GAC Trumpchi, which have previously been listed, have launched high-end passenger cars to joint venture brands. Group-style charge will gradually rewrite the status quo of self-owned brand passenger cars that can only seize the market at the low and mid-end.

After the founding of New China, the Chinese automobile industry was established and developed. The development process of China's auto industry can be divided into three phases: the creation phase, the independent development phase and the opening-up phase.

Car creation phase

The period from 1953 to 1958 was the founding stage of the Chinese automobile industry. The completion of the Changchun No. 1 Automobile Manufacturing Plant was a sign of this stage. The characteristic of this stage is that the construction work was carried out with the full assistance of the former Soviet Union. The products were imported from the Soviet Union, the technological process was designed by the Soviet Union, the main equipment was provided by the Soviet Union, and even the plant design was undertaken by the Soviet Union. The design capacity of the First Automobile Manufacturer is to produce 30,000 cars per year. The products are trucks with a load of 4t and corresponding off-road vehicles. The foundation of the first automobile manufacturer was laid in 1953. In 1956, the first Jiefang brand car was launched from the assembly line of the first automobile manufacturer. In 1958, 16,000 cars were produced.

Auto Development Stage

1958-1984 was the second stage of China's auto industry. Around 1958, Sino-Soviet relations deteriorated. China's auto industry has entered a period of self-reliance along with other economic sectors. After the initial formation of their own basic industries, various parts of our country have imitated and trial-produced a number of cars, and gradually formed several relatively large-scale automobile manufacturers. In addition to the first automobile manufacturing plant, there are also Nanjing Automobile Manufacturing Plant and Beijing Automobile Manufacturing Plant. In 1958, Beijing Automobile Manufactory developed the first car of the Chinese, which was named "Jinggangshan Brand" and entered Zhongnanhai. Since then, the Chinese automobile industry has entered a new stage of development-an independent and self-reliant development stage. The landmark achievement of this stage is the construction of the second automobile manufacturing plant.

In 1964, preparations for the construction of a second automobile factory began. From the viewpoint of political, military, and economic construction at that time, the mountainous area in northwestern Hubei Province (now Shiyan City) was chosen to build the factory. Major collaborations in related industries across the country began in 1966. Dozens of factories were scattered in the ravines and stretched for 80km. During the construction period, after the "Cultural Revolution", mass production began in 1978. The main products are 5 Dongt trucks developed by the Chinese. The mid-1980s reached an annual output of more than 100,000 medium-duty trucks. Scale, becoming the largest domestic production enterprise, and the products are welcomed by users. The factory design and process design of the second automobile manufacturing plant are all done by the Chinese themselves, and 98% of the production equipment is domestic equipment. In China, where conditions were very difficult at the time, the completion of the Second Automobile Factory was a miracle.

Automobile opening phase

In the mid-1980s, a fierce debate took place in China, with the theme of whether to develop car consumption and car production. The result of the debate is that China needs to develop cars, and the central government decided to establish a modern car industry. This is an important decision in the development of China's auto industry.

In 1984, the first car manufacturing joint venture company was born from a car manufacturing company jointly invested by Beijing Automotive Industry Corporation and Chrysler, which marked that the automotive industry has entered a new stage of development-opening up. Since then, a large number of joint ventures have been born in China.

This stage has the following characteristics: the car industry is the focus of development; the introduction of foreign capital, the establishment of joint ventures; the introduction of foreign products, processes and management methods, the implementation of a high starting point, a large number of starting principles, and soon formed a certain scale; To run according to market mechanisms.

Since the publication and implementation of the "Automotive Industry Industry Policy" in 1994, China's automobile industry has made considerable progress, and its production scale, automobile production and sales volume, product varieties, technological level, and market concentration have all improved significantly. In the 21st century, profound changes have taken place at home and abroad. The Chinese automobile industry has both good development opportunities and serious challenges. At the same time, some deep-rooted contradictions and problems have gradually been exposed. To promote the healthy development of the automotive industry, an innovative, forward-looking, scientific, and guiding industrial policy is needed. The National Development and Reform Commission officially promulgated and implemented the "Automotive Industry Development Policy" on June 1, 2004.

Compared with the "Automotive Industry Industry Policy" in 1994, the newly issued "Automotive Industry Development Policy" has seven characteristics: the content that is inconsistent with the WTO rules and China's WTO accession commitments has been cancelled; Reduce administrative approvals and rely on regulations and technical standards to guide the healthy development of the industry; put forward a brand strategy, encourage the development of products with independent intellectual property rights, and clarify the policy direction for the independent development of the automotive industry; Promote domestic automobile enterprise groups to become bigger and stronger; Require auto manufacturers to pay attention to the establishment of brand sales and service systems to eliminate consumer worries; Guide and encourage the development of energy-saving and environmentally-friendly vehicles and new fuel vehicles; The environment has provided guidance. Its specific goal is to make China's auto industry develop into a pillar industry of the national economy by 2010.

Nowadays, China already has independent car brands, such as Geely, Chery, BYD, Xiali, etc., and the quality of cars has also been greatly improved. ^[1]