What Are Energy Derivatives?

Fossil energy is a hydrocarbon or its derivative. It is derived from the fossil deposits of ancient organisms and is a primary source of energy. Fossil fuels emit toxic gases after incomplete combustion, but they are an essential fuel for humans.

Fossil Energy

Fossil energy is currently the world's most important energy source. In 2006, the proportion of fossil energy in global energy consumption was as high as 87.9%, and China's proportion was as high as 93.8%. However, with the continuous exploitation of human beings, the exhaustion of fossil energy is inevitable, and most of the fossil energy will be exhausted this century. On the other hand, since the use of fossil energy will add a lot of greenhouse gases CO2, at the same time some polluted smoke may be generated, threatening the global ecology. Therefore, the development of cleaner renewable energy is the future development direction.

1. Bioenergy-also known as green energy. It refers to the energy obtained from biomass, which is the earliest energy used by mankind. The ancients drilled wood for fire and felled charcoal.

Will fossil energy eventually be replaced by renewable energy?

As an important material foundation for human survival and development, fossil energy sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas have supported the nearly 200 years from the 19th century to the 20th century.

From a worldwide perspective, for a long time to come, fossil energy such as coal and petroleum will still be the mainstay of energy supply, and China is no exception. China co-ordinates the development and utilization of fossil energy and environmental protection, accelerates the construction of advanced production capacity, eliminates backward production capacity, vigorously promotes the clean development of fossil energy, protects the ecological environment, responds to climate change, and achieves energy conservation and emission reduction.

Safe and efficient development of coal. China's coal industry adheres to the development policy of scientific layout, intensive development, safe production, efficient use and environmental protection. In accordance with the principles of controlling the east, stabilizing the middle, and developing the west, we will promote the construction of 14 large coal bases in northern Shaanxi, Huanglong, and Shendong. Carry out coal resource integration and merger and reorganization of coal mining enterprises, and develop large coal enterprise groups. Give priority to the construction of large modern open-pit coal mines and extra-large mines. Implementation of coal mine upgrading and elimination of outdated production capacity to improve the degree of mechanization of coal mining and production safety. Vigorously develop circular economy in mining areas, increase the proportion of coal washing, and rationally develop coal associated resources. In accordance with the development direction of energy-intensive, technology-intensive, capital-intensive, long industrial chain, and high value-added, orderly construction of coal deep processing and upgrading demonstration projects. Encourage the construction of low-calorie coal clean utilization and processing transformation projects. Strengthen the environmental protection and ecological construction of coal mining areas, and do a good job of comprehensive ecological management and land reclamation in coal mining subsidence and affected areas.

-Clean and efficient development of thermal power. China adheres to the principles of low-carbon, clean and efficient, and vigorously develops green thermal power. Encourage the integrated development of coal and electricity, and steadily promote the construction of large coal and electricity bases. Actively apply advanced power generation technologies such as supercritical and ultra-supercritical to build clean and efficient coal-fired units and energy-saving and environmentally friendly power plants. Continue to eliminate small thermal power units with high energy consumption and heavy pollution. Strictly control the pollutant emissions from coal-fired power plants, and install new dust removal, desulfurization, and denitration facilities for new coal-fired power generation units, and accelerate the transformation of dust removal, desulfurization, and denitration of existing power plants. Encourage the construction of combined heat and power units in areas with large heat loads such as large and medium-sized cities and industrial parks. In areas with suitable conditions, rationally construct gas-steam combined-cycle peak-shaving units, and actively promote natural gas combined heat, power, and cooling. Strictly control the addition of coal-fired units in the Bohai Rim, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta in addition to upper pressure and lower pressure and combined heat and power. Strengthen the promotion and application of water-saving technologies in thermal power plants. Carry out integrated gasification combined cycle power generation, and demonstration projects of technology application such as carbon capture and utilization storage.

Intensify the exploration and development of conventional oil and gas resources. China will continue to implement the policy of combining oil and gas, stabilizing the east, accelerating the west, developing the south, and opening up the sea. Promote the increase of crude oil reserves and stable production, and steadily advance the exploration and development of key oil-scale production areas such as the Tarim Basin and the Ordos Basin. Strengthen the stable production and transformation of old oilfields and increase the recovery factor. Accelerate the development of natural gas, increase the production capacity of the main gas fields in the central and western regions, do a good job of increasing the production of main gas fields, promote the exploration and development of offshore oil and gas fields, and gradually increase the proportion of natural gas in the primary energy structure. Optimize the layout of the refining industry, build a number of large-scale refining and chemical bases, form three major refining clusters around the Bohai Rim, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta.

-Actively promote the development and utilization of unconventional oil and gas resources. Accelerating the exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas resources is an important means to enhance China's ability to guarantee energy supply. China will accelerate the exploration and development of coalbed methane, increase the proven geological reserves, and promote the construction of coalbed methane industrialization bases such as the Qinshui Basin and the eastern edge of the Ordos Basin. Speed up the exploration and development of shale gas, and optimize a batch of shale gas prospects and favorable target areas. Accelerate the cracking of shale gas exploration and development core technology, establish a new mechanism for shale gas exploration and development, implement industrial incentive policies, improve supporting infrastructure, and achieve the overall goal of achieving national output of 6.5 billion cubic meters by 2015, which is the future Rapid development lays a solid foundation. Increase the exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas resources such as shale oil and oil sands.

Strengthening the construction of energy storage and transportation facilities. Comprehensive consideration of the target market, adjustment of industrial layout, coal power, wind power, nuclear power, natural gas power generation, pumped storage and other power point construction and imported energy, as well as water and ecological environment carrying capacity of resource areas, and overall planning for the construction of energy transmission channels. Accelerate the expansion and reconstruction of existing railway trunk lines and the construction of new railway coal transport corridors, increase the inter-regional coal transportation capacity, and build supporting ports and docks. Further expand the scale of power transmission from the west to the north, and power transmission from the north to the south, improve the regional backbone power grid, develop advanced transmission technologies such as UHV, and improve the ability to optimize the allocation of power grid resources. Strengthen the construction of main pipeline networks of crude oil, refined oil and natural gas, increase the proportion of oil and gas pipelines, improve regional transportation networks, and build large coastal oil and gas docking stations. Strict implementation of oil and gas pipeline protection laws and regulations to ensure the safe operation of oil and gas pipelines. Coordinate resource reserves, national reserves, and commercial reserves, strengthen emergency support capacity building, and improve the crude oil, refined oil, natural gas, and coal reserve systems. Improve natural gas peaking capacity. Establish and improve coal peak shaving reserves.

At present, there is a saying that the post-oil era has come. Do you think that with the increasing use of alternative energy in the future, our international oil prices and domestic refined oil prices will become higher and higher, or will they be lower and lower, Everyone pays attention? ^[1]

Niu Li: I personally think that it is possible for you to mention this "post-petroleum era", but at least it is not now, it is likely to be some day in the future, and the future range of time may be far away, myself Understanding. Because in the foreseeable, at least for the next 20 years or so, there is no doubt that the traditional fossil energy of oil, natural gas and coal is still the most important energy in this world, and its proportion still occupies a very high range. Therefore, without this traditional fossil energy, simply relying on new energy is not enough to meet the needs of our economic and social development.
Niu Li: Of course, absolutely undeniable solar energy, wind energy, including nuclear power, but also electric vehicles, hybrid power, hydrogen energy, etc. This series of new energy development is in full swing, very fast, especially after the outbreak of the financial crisis, the United States Whether in Europe or in Europe, new energy and new materials are regarded as the future economic growth points, and they will be developed as the commanding heights of future technologies. Therefore, we must not be exception, we must also pay attention to the development of new energy. This is a place that occupies a key point of future economic growth, so we must do it.
Niu Li: But let's return to the topic just now. In the post-oil era, new energy is fast, but the absolute amount of the total energy consumption structure is still relatively limited. At least the 20 years I said are not enough to replace Traditional fossil energy, I think it is too early to talk about the post-oil era. Because from the perspective of new energy, we can fully discuss that in one aspect, petroleum resources are non-renewable and use a little less. Although we know that oil reserves can be dug for another 40 years based on the existing reserve-production ratio, this total It takes one day less, so at present, its price is likely to be an upward trend in the short term. After a period of time, when the proportion of oil in the entire energy supply has started to decline significantly, or when new energy has developed into the climate, and when it has become a larger scale, it is likely that its status and impact will gradually decline. .
Niu Li: But from the perspective of new energy, there is another very important aspect, not only the problem of scarce and insufficient resources due to traditional chemical resources, but also the issue of climate change. Because in terms of the current situation, climate change will have catastrophic impacts on various places in the world and in various countries. Therefore, whether it is developed countries in Europe and the United States, or us, we are attaching great importance to energy conservation and emission reduction. .
Niu Li: On the other hand, we repeatedly emphasized that we are in the process of industrialization. The heavy energy and chemical industries, such as energy-intensive industries, are developing very fast, that is, the demand for traditional fossil energy such as oil, coal, and natural gas. It is particularly large, but also to say that from the perspective of our lives, our per capita GDP has exceeded 3,000 US dollars, cars have to enter ordinary people's families, and we have to live in relatively comfortable large houses, which means that energy is needed If we do not control energy consumption, do not save its energy consumption, and do not pay attention to energy conservation and emission reduction, global carbon dioxide and other pollutant emissions will bring great pressure. Therefore, from these perspectives, we must pay attention to and develop new energy, but it is still different from your post-oil era. ^[1]