What Are the Different Types of Educational Funding?

Education funding, ^[1] refers to the actual expenditure for education in the fiscal budgets of the central and local financial departments. Educational expenses include education expenses (that is, personnel and public expenses for schools at all levels and types), and investment in education infrastructure (such as the cost of building school buildings and purchasing large-scale teaching equipment).

Education funding

Education funding, ^[1]

1. Payment range:

(1) Daily training expenses for various documents included in the training plan for technical training and pre-competition training.

(2) Outbound training fees approved and included in the training plan. Various

Central and local affairs

1. Executive Yuan :

Set the key points for setting up the "Education Fundamental Standards Committee". (Article 9) Develop benchmarks for education funding, calculate the basic education funding needs of governments at all levels, and calculate the amount that governments at all levels should share with reference to the financial capacity of governments at all levels, and verify general education subsidies to local governments. (Article 10)

2. Ministry of Education:

The establishment of the "Education Fund Allocation Review Committee" of the Ministry of Education was set up, and after the budget completed the legislative process, specific education subsidies were reviewed. (Article 11)

Trial calculation "The total budget of education funds of governments at all levels shall not be lower than the average annual net income of the final three years before the budget preparation of that year is 21.5 percent." (Article 3 items 2 and 4)

Calculate the basic needs of school education at all levels. (Article 9)

Trial calculation of the amount shared by the county and city governments and the amount of subsidies. (Article 10)

Try to calculate "the unit cost of various types of students at all levels". (Article 10)

Establish the format of financial statements and announcement methods. (Article 15)

3. County and city governments:

The administrative organs in charge of education at all levels shall formulate an annual budget based on the basic needs and share amounts approved by the "Education Fund Benchmark Committee of the Executive Yuan", and shall not be lower than the basic needs approved in the preceding paragraph. (Article 10, item 2)

The educational institutions and public schools affiliated to the county and city competent educational administrative organs shall formulate medium and long-term education development plans, report them to the competent educational administrative organs for review and approval, and submit them to the county and municipal education review committees for consideration. The approved basic needs and shared amounts, and proposed budget amounts as a basis for preparing the annual education budget. (Article 12)

The county and city government's various education funding income and expenditure shall establish a local education development fund and prepare a budget according to law for handling; its revenue and expenditure storage and use measures shall be determined by the competent education administrative agency. (Article 13)

Each school may set up a school development fund. (Article 14)

In order to improve the performance of education funds, competent administrative administrative agencies at all levels should establish an evaluation system.

A deep-rooted contradiction currently emerging in China's education reform and development is the increasing tension and shortage of education funding, and the tension between the demand and supply of education funding. How to deal with this deep-rooted contradiction in the current educational reform and development, and then make necessary and reasonable policy choices is a serious challenge facing the government and education management departments.

Two options for expanding education funding

First, continue to implement and expand the government's responsibility for education funding, and arrange more education funding in government finances at all levels, including the establishment of various necessary special education funds to support education reform and development, especially in education. We will provide more support and assistance in basic and compulsory education in rural and poor areas. At the same time, if conditions permit, we should try our best to expand the proportion of government funding in education and increase the scope and type of new taxes and fees. This choice is necessary. Because, for education,

On March 5, 2013, the latest data released by the Chinese government showed that China's education expenditure as a percentage of GDP reached the expected standard for the first time in 2012. Analysts believe that this is an important node in China's transition from a big education country to a strong education country.

At the First Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress held on the same day, Premier Wen Jiabao of the State Council stated in the government work report that the national fiscal education expenditure in 2012 accumulated 7.79 trillion yuan in five years, with an average annual increase of 21.58%, accounting for The proportion of GDP reached 4%.

When Wen Jiabao announced the data in his speech, warm applause rang out from the venue.

Education scholar Xiong Bingqi commented on Weibo that this is historic, but it must be soberly realized that this is a goal that has been reached 12 years late and at a low level.

As early as 1993, China issued the "Outline of China's Educational Reform and Development," proposing that the state's fiscal expenditure on education should account for 4% of GDP by the end of the 20th century. For various reasons, this goal has not been achieved.

According to the UNESCO World Education Report 2000, the world's average share of investment in education was 4.7% in 1990, 4.0% in developed countries in Asia and Oceania, and only 2.3% in China at that time.

Sun Lijian, deputy dean of the School of Economics of Fudan University, believes that any country that wants to develop cannot do without strong education. He pointed out that the significance of China s breakthrough of 4% is very significant. To transform from a simple and extensive growth mode to a high value-added development stage supported by knowledge and education, we must strengthen education. R & D capabilities are closely related to the education level of the people. "

Wen Jiabao pointed out in the report that, by giving priority to the development of education and increasing financial investment, significant progress has been made in education equity.

Today, China has fully implemented nine-year free and compulsory education in urban and rural areas, benefiting 160 million students; the scope of the tuition-free policy for secondary vocational education has been extended to all rural students; the state's aid system has been continuously improved, and a financial assistance system has been established for families with financial difficulties.

Despite the obvious achievements, there are still many problems to be solved in Chinese education. Many netizens have expressed concerns about the current difficulties in entering the park, reducing burdens, choosing a school, the problem of left-behind children, and school safety.

Netizens "happy" said: "Only with more investment in education can the gap between urban and rural education be narrowed. We hope that the government will continue to increase investment in education."

In September 2012, a network picture from rural Hubei aroused strong social response. In the picture, a group of young children walk on the mountain road to school, carrying their desks.

"This incident reflects that education in rural China is still relatively backward," said Xiong Mei, a deputy to the National People's Congress and principal of the elementary school affiliated to Northeast Normal University. "On the other hand, it also reflects that China's education investment is still There is still a long way to go for development needs in schools. "

"The Prime Minister pointed out in the report that education investment will continue to increase in the future. Therefore, in the future, we should study how to use education funds more effectively and how to establish a long-term guarantee mechanism for education investment." Gradually increasing the proportion of education expenditure to GDP, rectifying the relationship between the level of development of education and other social undertakings and economic growth, and practically solving problems in specific fields can truly achieve the sustained and rapid development of education. ^[2]