What Is an Equivalent Annual Cost?

The "equivalent natural uranium" fuel solution refers to the mixing of reprocessed uranium and depleted uranium in a certain proportion to make a nuclear fuel assembly, and its uranium-235 content is equivalent to natural uranium. The equivalent natural uranium fuel is a small uranium fuel that is as small as natural uranium in neutron physics. It can realize the economical and efficient use of uranium recovered by the PWR on heavy water reactors, and improve the overall utilization of uranium resources by about 20%. This method simplifies a lot of problems. The existing domestic technology base fully has the processing conditions of "equivalent natural uranium". There are no technical problems in manufacturing, transportation, and use, and the investment scale can be minimized.

"On October 1, 2003, China's" Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Radioactive Pollution "was formally implemented. Article 27 of the Regulation stipulates that the decommissioning costs of nuclear facilities and the costs of radioactive waste disposal should be withdrawn and included in the investment estimates or production cost. Measures for the extraction and management of decommissioning costs for radio facilities and radioactive waste disposal costs shall be prescribed by the financial department of the State Council and the competent authority for nuclear facilities. "The promulgation of this regulation signifies that the Chinese government has raised the decommissioning of nuclear facilities and the disposal of radioactive waste to the height of national love.

With the development of nuclear power in China, the problem of spent fuel management has become increasingly prominent. On July 10, 2010, in order to promote the development of nuclear power and regulate the collection, use, and management of spent fuel disposal and disposal funds for nuclear power plants, the Ministry of Finance, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly issued and issued "About" "Interim Measures for the Management of the Collection and Use of Spent Fuel Disposal Funds for Nuclear Power Plants" (Cai Zong [2010] No. 58, hereinafter referred to as "Spent Fuel Fund Management Measures"). The method clearly states the four aspects of the nature, collection standard, purpose and use management of the spent fuel disposal and disposal fund for nuclear power plants (hereinafter referred to as the "fund"):

1. Nature of the fund

   The fund is a government fund, and the revenue is turned over to the central treasury, which is incorporated into the central budget management in accordance with the principle of "two lines of revenue and expenditure".

2. Fund collection standards

   For PWR nuclear power plants that have been put into commercial operation for more than 5 years, the electricity is sold according to the actual network in each year, and the fund is levied at 0.026 yuan / kWh. The Ministry of Finance, in conjunction with the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Energy Administration, and the National Defense Science and Industry Bureau, adjusted the collection standards in a timely manner in accordance with changes in the scale of nuclear power development and the need for funds for the disposal and disposal of spent fuel.

   The spent fuel disposal and disposal fund is collected by the Financial Supervisor Office (hereinafter referred to as the Commissioner's Office) of the Ministry of Finance in the province, autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government, and city with separate plans (hereinafter referred to as the Commissioner's Office) for the nuclear power plant. The nuclear power plant reported to the local commissioner's office that it had actually sold electricity on the Internet last year and that it should pay the spent fuel disposal fund. The Commissioner's Office will review the declaration and issue a "General Payment Form for Non-Tax Income" to the reporting enterprise. The nuclear power plant shall pay the fund in full and on time in accordance with the payment amount determined in the General Non-Tax Income Payment Letter issued by the Commissioner's Office. If there is no valid reason to owe the spent fuel treatment and disposal fund, a late fee of 1% of the late fee will be charged daily from the date of overdue. Late fees are included in the income management of the spent fuel disposal fund.

3. Purpose of the fund

   The fund is used for spent fuel transportation, spent fuel off-storage storage, spent fuel reprocessing (including spent fuel reprocessing of commercial nuclear power plants conducted by pilot plants for fuel reprocessing), treatment and disposal of high-level waste generated from spent fuel reprocessing, and spent fuel Other expenses for the construction, operation, transformation and decommissioning of reprocessing plants and disposal of spent fuel.

   The fund prioritizes expenditures on spent fuel transportation, off-storage storage, reprocessing, and high-level waste treatment and disposal, and arranges expenditures on construction, operation, transformation, and decommissioning of spent fuel reprocessing plants.

4. Use of funds

   The annual use plan of the spent fuel treatment and disposal fund is determined by the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Energy Administration, and the Ministry of Finance of the Ministry of Defense Technology. The specific projects for the spent fuel treatment and disposal fund are arranged and used by the National Defense Science and Technology Administration, and the arrangement and use of funds for the construction of spent fuel reprocessing plants for large-scale commercial nuclear power plants are the responsibility of the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration.

   In 2014, in order to standardize the management of spent fuel treatment and disposal fund projects for nuclear power plants, clarify the responsibilities of all parties, and promote the smooth progress of the spent fuel treatment and disposal of nuclear power plants, the National Defense Science and Industry Administration could not issue the Measures for the Management of Spent Fuel Treatment and Disposal Fund Projects of Nuclear Power Plants. Eight aspects, including use, management responsibilities, project declaration and approval, annual plan and budget for fund projects, project organization and implementation, financial accounts and project acceptance, financial management, rewards and penalties, are specified.

   (1) Use

   The nuclear power plant spent fuel treatment and disposal fund is a government fund, which is specifically used for nuclear power plant spent fuel treatment and disposal. Specific scope of application includes: spent fuel transportation; spent fuel off-storage storage; spent fuel reprocessing (including spent fuel reprocessing of commercial nuclear power plants at the pilot plant for spent fuel reprocessing); high-level waste treatment and disposal of spent fuel reprocessing ; Construction, operation, transformation, and decommissioning of spent fuel reprocessing plants; other expenditures for spent fuel treatment and disposal. Article 3 The management of the budget and final accounts of the fund projects and the use of funds shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant regulations of the Ministry of Finance. Article 4 Secret-related matters in fund projects shall be implemented in accordance with the requirements of relevant state secret management regulations.

   (2) Management responsibilities

   The National Defense Science and Industry Bureau is responsible for the management of fund projects. The main responsibilities are: to prepare and publish the fund project plan together with the Ministry of Finance; to prepare and issue annual plans for fund projects; to be responsible for the approval, supervision, inspection, audit, acceptance and post-evaluation of fund projects; to assume the responsibility for the supervision of spent fuel management within the scope of fund projects; Coordinate major issues in the implementation of the fund project.

   The superior unit of the project undertaker is responsible for the management of the fund projects of this system and the responsibility of spent fuel management within the scope of the project. It mainly includes: organize the subordinate project undertaker to perform relevant spent fuel management responsibilities and conduct supervision and inspection; organize the preparation and submission of subordinate unit fund project planning suggestions and annual plan suggestions; review the subordinate unit fund project submission documents and submit them in a timely manner; Implementation of unit fund projects and supervision and inspection of the implementation; organization of preparation and submission of budgets and financial accounts of unit fund projects; other matters entrusted by the National Defense Science and Technology Bureau.

   The project undertaker is specifically responsible for the implementation and management of the fund project and the spent fuel management within the project scope. The main responsibilities are: to assume the direct responsibility for the management of the relevant spent fuel within the scope of the unit fund project; to prepare and report the planning proposal of the unit fund project; to prepare and report the filing documents of the unit fund project; to prepare and report the annual plan proposal of the unit fund project; Prepare and report the budget and financial accounts of the unit fund project; be responsible for the implementation and daily management of the unit fund project; be responsible for the application and preparation for the acceptance of the unit fund project.

   The National Defense Science and Industry Bureau organized the establishment of an expert committee to assist in strategic and planning research, project review, inspection, and acceptance.

   (3) Project application and approval

   Fund projects implement special planning management. Special planning is divided into short-term planning and medium- and long-term planning. The planning period of the short-term planning is 5 years and the planning period of the medium- and long-term planning is 10 years. The superior unit of the project undertaker proposes the fund project planning proposal of the department according to the actual needs. The National Defense Science and Industry Bureau, together with the Ministry of Finance, organizes the preparation of fund project plans to guide the application and approval of projects. During the planning period, if it is really needed, the National Defense Science and Technology Administration Bureau can directly send work tasks such as transportation and storage to the superior unit of the project undertaking unit.

   Fund projects are divided into four categories: spent fuel transportation, facility construction, facility operation, and facility decommissioning. The preliminary work of major facilities construction projects can be declared as a fund project, which is regarded as the management of facilities construction projects. The format and requirements of the application documents for various projects shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant regulations of the National Defense Science and Technology Administration. Projects used for the disposal and disposal of other spent fuel shall be studied and handled by the Ministry of Defense, Industry and Commerce and the Ministry of Finance.

   (4) Annual plan and budget of fund projects

   The annual plan of the fund project shall be determined in accordance with the following procedures: the project undertaker shall approve the project proposal, feasibility study report, etc. (transport and facility operation project completion plan approval, facility construction and decommissioning project completion feasibility study report approval) , Put forward the next year's plan proposal of the unit fund project; the superior unit of the project undertaker unit sums up the annual plan proposal of the fund project, and prepares the annual plan proposal of the system fund project before July 31 of each year and submits it to the National Defense Science and Technology Administration.

   The National Defense Science and Industry Bureau reviews the annual plan proposal of the higher-level unit fund project of the project-undertaking unit, proposes the annual plan of the fund project before September 30, and issues the higher-level unit of the project-undertaking unit after confirming by the Ministry of Finance. According to the annual plan of the fund project, the superior unit of the project undertaker proposes the budget proposal for the next year and submits it to the Ministry of Finance for approval in accordance with the department's budget management procedures.

   The superior unit and project undertaking unit of the project undertaking unit shall strictly implement the annual plan of the fund project issued. If there are major circumstances that must be adjusted during the implementation process, the superior unit of the project undertaking unit shall report to the National Defense Science and Technology Agency the application for the adjustment of the current plan of the fund project before August 15th of that year. A few days ago, I proposed a budget adjustment proposal to the Ministry of Finance.

   (5) Project organization and implementation

   The project undertaker shall manage the progress, quality, safety and funds in the project implementation process in accordance with the relevant regulations, the approval requirements and the annual plan.

   The superior unit of the project undertaking unit shall guide and supervise the project undertaking unit of the department to complete the project tasks in accordance with the project approval and relevant regulations, coordinate and deal with various problems in a timely manner, and regularly supervise and inspect the project implementation of the system.

   The National Defense Science and Industry Bureau regularly or irregularly organizes the supervision and inspection of project progress, budget implementation and use of funds.

   For projects that cannot be completed in accordance with the approval requirements, the project undertaking unit shall promptly submit an application for termination, cancellation or adjustment to the National Defense Science, Technology and Industry Bureau through the superior unit of the project undertaking unit.

   (6) Financial accounts and project acceptance

   Within 6 months after the completion of large-scale facilities construction and facilities decommissioning projects, and within 3 months after the completion of other projects, the project undertaker prepares the financial accounts, and the National Defense Science and Industry Bureau organizes an audit of the project's financial accounts and issues an audit decision or issues an audit. opinion. For the final accounts of projects with an investment of less than 100 million yuan (including 100 million yuan), the Ministry of Finance authorizes the National Defense Science and Technology Bureau for approval; for projects with an investment of more than 100 million yuan, the higher-level unit of the project undertaker shall submit the preliminary review to the National Defense Science and Industry Bureau for review After submitting the review opinions, the Bureau of Industry will report to the Ministry of Finance for approval.

   Fund projects are inspected and accepted by the National Defense Science and Industry Bureau or a higher-level unit that entrusts the project undertaking unit. The project acceptance is subject to planned management, and spent fuel transportation and facility operation projects should be completed within one year after the end of the approval cycle. Facilities construction, facilities decommissioning, and other types of projects should be completed within the project approval cycle.

   The superior unit of the project undertaking unit shall submit to the National Defense Science, Technology and Industry Administration the project proposal for the next year's acceptance of the system before December 31 of each year; if it cannot be accepted on time, it shall submit an application for extension to the National Defense Science and Technology Administration. The National Defense Science and Industry Bureau issues a project acceptance plan for that year before March 31 each year, specifying the acceptance time, organization department, etc. The National Defense Science, Technology and Industry Bureau organized the post-evaluation work in due time according to the specific situation of the implementation of the fund project. The conclusion of the post-assessment serves as an important reference basis for future arrangements for spent fuel treatment and disposal projects.

   (7) Financial management

   The project undertaking unit shall strictly implement the relevant national financial and economic regulations and systems, establish and improve the internal control system, and establish accounts in strict accordance with the approval. Project funds must be accounted for, and earmarked. The financial department of the project undertaking unit shall assist in supervising the use of project funds, and if any problems are found, they shall be corrected in a timely manner, and shall be subject to the supervision and inspection of the unit's audit department and the superior department.

   (8) Reward and punishment

   For projects that have achieved significant results, the National Defense Science and Industry Administration commended the relevant units and individuals. During the implementation of the project, major quality and safety accidents, violations of the use of funds, financial and auditing systems, and major leaks of confidential information shall be handled according to relevant national laws and regulations.