What Is the Difference Between a Trust and an Inheritance?

The starting point of trust theory is interaction. Simmel believes that it is the interaction that forms the complex relationship between people and the society. The interaction between individuals is the starting point for the formation of all social formations. The true historical origins of social life are still obscure, but no matter what, a systematic epigenetic analysis must start from this simplest and most direct relationship. Even today, this relationship is still a myriad of new social forms. The source.

Trust theory

The starting point of trust theory is interaction. Simmel believes that it is the interaction that forms the complex relationship between people and the society. The interaction between individuals is the starting point for the formation of all social formations. The true historical origin of social life is still obscure, but in any case, a systematic epigenetic analysis must start from this simplest and most direct relationship. Even today, this relationship is still a myriad of new social forms The source.

Chinese name

Trust theory

Foreign name

Trust theory

Presenter

Simmel

Starting point

interactive

Theory

Interactions form complex relationships between people

Simmel believes that the dominant form of interaction or social relationship in modern society is exchange. Although Simmel did not make an in-depth historical investigation on this, people still think his evaluation is appropriate. He believes that exchange does not only exist in the economic field with currency participation.

1. Trust is an important comprehensive social force

As with most contemporary trust researchers, Simmel makes the strongest call for the importance of trust, and there are two obvious references to this in Simmel's text. One in "The Philosophy of Money", "Without the general trust between people, society itself will become a piece of sand." Another is in "Sociology", "Trust is one of the most important integrated forces in society." For individual actors, the function of trust is to "provide a reliable hypothesis, which is sufficient as a guarantee to build actual behavior on this." Whether at the social or individual level, trust shows that Out of its importance. Trust research has attracted the participation of many disciplines. Although there are great differences, even a basic problem such as the concept of trust has not reached a recognized and clear definition. However, in terms of the importance of trust, researchers in different disciplines have A high degree of agreement was reached.

2. From Personal Trust to System Trust

Although Simmel did not consciously divide trust into personality trust (including particularism and universalism) and systemic trust, in his text, one can see that Simmel has indirectly mentioned this problem. Simmel wrote: "Treasury bonds issued by the government before the eighteenth century were the earliest inventions to claim the state tax as a whole. In this example, the certainty of repayment does not depend on that It must be a special situation that must be identified, but depends on general trust in the solvency of the state. "This form of state credit is different from personal credit. It is impossible to understand the credit status of another person like personal credit. . Simmel believes that the transition from tradition to modernity is accompanied by a change in the type of trust in society from a personal trust to a system trust. And he believes that it is money that has played a huge role in the transformation of personality trust into system trust. Money, as an exchange tool and scale, has transformed the relationship between people. In "The Philosophy of Money", Simmel made a historical investigation. He believes that money has gradually gained an abstract and eternal position in modern society. It is through money that non-personal connections limited to specific purposes are established, thus replacing personal connections in traditional societies. Therefore, in the aspect of personality trust, currency has played an important role in the transformation of the form of trust from particularism to that of universalism.

At the beginning of Shang Yang s reform, he found that the Qin people always refused to believe the government s decrees, but they were forced to violate the law. Therefore, he put a piece of wood outside the city gate and posted a notice. Those who can move this wood to another designated place are rewarded. The light credit has such a big reward, but I do nt believe it, so no one dares to go ahead, until a reckless husband can't bear the temptation to move the wood, and Shang Ye also gives a heavy reward according to the order. As a result, Shang Yang also smoothly promoted the reform. This is a piece of history we all know well. Shang Yang deeply understands the people's unbelief. Therefore, before the reform, the people's trust in the government's order must be established, which has become one of the few examples in China's history that can succeed in reform. Govern the country, the people can't believe without trust. Similarly, the enterprise can't be managed without employees' trust.

How to establish mutual trust within the enterprise is the biggest challenge for every manager. The first principle of trust is that you cannot manage trust, you can only manage "trustworthiness". Trust is a kind of psychological prejudice. When faced with an uncertain environment, one expects the other to be well-intentioned, and at the risk of being deceived, he still adopts cooperative behavior. Therefore, cooperation without uncertainty is not a manifestation of trust. For example, strict contracts in a law enforcement environment can be traded without trust. For example, a clear system and procedures coupled with incentives that reward and punish penalties will make The behavior of employees is in line with the company's expectations, but it does not make them trust the company. Trust theory also points out that power and trust are contradictory. Power can make people behave in compliance with the requirements, and there is no danger of uncertainty, but power not only strengthens trust, but also hurts trust. Managers, of course, want employees to trust other employees completely and unconditionally like the "silly roots" in the film "A World Without Thieves", but this is impossible, and managers are also afraid that employees will be on the commercial battlefield outside the company. So "silly", so I won't recruit so many "silly roots".

Trust is like the happiness in the mouth of Hawthorn, "Happiness is a butterfly. When you chase it, you ca nt always chase it, but if you sit down quietly, it may fly to you." Similarly, trust cannot be enforced, you cannot ask others to trust you, you can only seek back what you already do, and you can run your own trustworthy behavior. You also cannot order employees to trust each other, and you can only manage their trustworthy behavior. One day And trust will fly over you and your employees. What is trustworthy behavior? Management scholar Mishira divides trustworthiness into four facets. This is a widely accepted theory for this type of research. The four facets are honesty and openness, ability and effectiveness, and fairness. With consistency and reciprocity and loyalty. Demonstrate trustworthiness, four types of behaviors are indispensable, and a person who is dishonest and has a secret secret is certainly not trustworthy, but if an honest person always fails to do things well, we will appreciate his / her honesty, but do not rest assured Entrust things to him / her.

Honest and capable people, if their personality is immature, they love to do things when they do things, they do nt want to do things, they go to work, and they are inconsistent. In Chinese society, reciprocity and loyalty may be an exception. Sometimes, as long as it has this quality, it can gain the trust of the loyalty object. Even if there is a flaw in its ability and character, it does not diminish its trust. This is a special phenomenon in the "human society". I will discuss it later. Another characteristic of trustworthiness is that trust takes a long time to develop, but it is very easy to destroy trust. As long as you show untrustworthy behavior once or twice, others will no longer trust, and rebuilding trust is more important than initial trust. difficult. Therefore, trustworthy behavior must be persistent and vigilant. In other words, it is necessary to develop a habit to exhibit such behaviors. Otherwise, a laziness or an oversight may reveal the "nature" and lose all the previous achievements.

In the second half of the twentieth century, Welch, the god of American business, started a corporate culture transformation campaign after he first met GE. The core of this was the "innocence test". Welch required employees to accept a A questionnaire to check whether you love yourself and self-clarity, the required standards are not only legitimate and unethical, but also legal but unethical behavior, but also require employees to save themselves one day, point to their own conscience, ask me today is Not honest? It is conceivable that employees are perfunctory in this request, but Welch took the responsibility and seriously demanded himself, and the outbreak of crimes in strange companies, such as the 1985 defense contract " The "missile return system" working time record card fraud case and Kidder Bank's insider trading case were thoroughly investigated in the first time, fully pleaded guilty, and 100% of the damages were made. In addition, he spends half a day semi-annual with the executives to discuss the company's innocence and corporate ethics policies, and persevere to the end.