What are the normal values ​​of urine analysis?

urine analysis is a routine test performed to measure the levels of certain substances in the urine. It can be used to diagnose or exclude infection, diabetes and other conditions. Normal values ​​of urine analysis differ in patients and laboratories. Some substances have an acceptable level of level, while others should not be present in the urine at all. This test uses a scale called a calibrated refractometer to measure how concentrated urine is. Normal urine analysis value for specific weight usually ranges between 1.002 and 1.035 on a scale.

The test also measures the pH of the urine pH, which determines how acidic it is. The kidneys play a major role in maintaining the balance of acid in the body. Normal urine analysis values ​​for pH levels are between 4.6 and 8 on the ph scale. High pH may be caused by urinary tract infections, reversal or kidney failure. Low phm can be caused by starvation, diarrhea or diabetes ketoacidosis. There are no normal urine analysis values ​​for these substances because they should not be ejectedtie in healthy urine. Their presence indicates basic health.

Technicians use a protein test pad to measure albumin levels, type of water -soluble protein. There should be no detectable amount of protein in healthy urine. Increased levels may be an early symptom of kidney disease. They may also be caused by inflammation or urinary cancer. In women, the results may be distorted by vaginal secrets that get into the urine while providing a sample.

Normal values ​​of urine analysis should not mean the presence of glucose in the urine. If glucose is present, it usually points to diabetes. When blood glucose levels are normal, the kidney is able to filter the substance. When blood levels rise too high, the kidneys cannot filter it and part of the excess glucose is excreted in the urine.

ketones in urine are usually a sign that the patientDo not eat enough carbohydrates or that the body cannot properly use the carbohydrates that are taken. Hungry and high protein diet may cause ketones to appear in the urine. Doctors of diabetic patients also use the test as an indicator that the patient receives enough insulin.

A very small amount of red blood cells can be present in the urine without triggering a "positive" test. However, higher numbers are not part of the normal results of urine analysis and indicate a health problem such as kidney disease, urine disease or trauma into the urinary system. Smoking, medicines and strenuous exercises can also cause blood in urine.

The results of abnormal urine analysis do not always mean significant health problems. Some foods and medicines can cause temporary changes in urine. In the same respect, the normal values ​​of urine analysis do not always eliminate the disease. Further testing may be required to make a diagnosis.