What Are Symptoms of Liver Damage in Women?

Liver function tests are tests that reflect the physiological functions of the liver. Liver function tests often include ALT, AST, AST / ALT, GGT, ALP, TBILI, DBILI, IBILI, TP, ALB, GLB, A / G, LDH-L, Ch , SF, PA and other projects, understanding the standards of these examination indicators will help people increase their understanding and diagnosis of liver function.

Normal liver function

Liver function tests are tests that reflect the physiological functions of the liver. Liver function tests often include ALT, AST, AST / ALT, GGT, ALP, TBILI, DBILI, IBILI, TP, ALB, GLB, A / G, LDH-L, Ch , SF, PA and other projects, understanding the standards of these examination indicators will help people increase their understanding and diagnosis of liver function.

Chinese name

Normal liver function

Category

Indicators of liver function

Scope of application

Clinical medicine

main project

ALT, AST, AST / ALT, GGT, ALP

Because liver functions are diverse, there are many liver function tests. Tests related to liver function

Serum protein

The idea that drinking alcohol hurts the liver has been recognized by the medical community. However, there are still some people who think that the damage to the liver is caused only by drinking white wine or getting drunk. This is wrong. The main ingredient of wine is ethanol. Ethanol enters the body and is metabolized into acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde can directly damage the structure and function of liver cells, leading to a decline in liver function, especially the liver has a greater impact on sugar, fat and protein metabolism. In addition, ethanol can also increase the synthesis of oxygen free radicals that are toxic to the liver, and accelerate the process of liver fibrosis. In this way, liver damage will be more severe.

The physiological functions of the liver are very complicated, so there are many indicators of normal liver function, each of which has its own meaning. The data results of normal indicators of liver function are used to analyze and determine whether people have a liver disease. The ups and downs of the indicators also have their own meanings, representing different degrees of illness.

Indicators reflecting the anabolic function of hepatocyte proteins: total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PA), cholinesterase (CHE), and prothrombin time (PT). Because they are synthesized by the liver, once the liver synthesis function declines, the concentration of the above normal liver function indicators in the blood will decrease, and the degree of reduction is positively related to the degree of liver synthesis function damage. reflect

Liver function tests must be performed on an empty stomach, and the fasting time is usually 8-12 hours, especially for those who are testing liver function for the first time.

Patients with liver disease are advised not to drink alcohol the day before the blood test. This is because the measured values of the liver function test have a certain relationship with diet. For example, drinking alcohol may increase some serum enzyme values and eat.

Choose the method of liver function test and its clinical significance:

Selecting several liver function tests according to the condition and periodically reviewing them for dynamic observation can reflect to some extent whether the treatment is effective. For example, when the condition of acute hepatitis improves, the GPT returns to normal from an increase; if the GPT fluctuates or continues to increase for a long time, it indicates that hepatitis has a tendency to slow down. Some liver function tests have abnormal results when there are extrahepatic diseases, such as nephrotic syndrome, malignant tumors, etc., leading to a decrease in total plasma albumin and albumin;

1. Glutamic acid is mainly distributed in the periphery of hepatocytes and bile duct cells. When hepatocytes or bile ducts have acute inflammation, a large amount leaks into the blood, so the serum level of alaninase is highest in acute hepatobiliary inflammation;

2. Only 1/5 of the aspartate enzyme is found in the liver cytoplasm, and about 4/5 of the mitochondria (mitochondria are organelles that manage oxidation and energy in the cell, you can imagine it as a workshop). Aspartate enzymes are significantly increased during mitochondrial damage, reflecting the degree of liver cell disease. Therefore, aspartate enzymes can exceed aspartate enzymes during liver cirrhosis. Many organs and tissues have aspartate enzymes, such as myocardium, heart, kidney, pancreas, skeletal muscle, etc., so elevated aspartate enzymes are not necessarily liver disease;

3. Alkaline phosphatase exists more outside the liver, the increase in pregnant women comes from the placenta; the increase in this enzyme in children and the elderly is obviously related to bone changes;

4. Transpeptidase is the most sensitive serum enzyme for bile stasis. Transpeptidase is higher than transaminase when the bile duct and gallbladder are damaged by inflammation.

1. Serum transaminase test : Usually check serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glutamic acid transaminase ALT, and glutamic acid oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamic acid transaminase AST. The normal reference range of ALT and AST is 0-40u / l. Exceeding the normal value indicates that the liver cells are damaged.

It should be noted that elevated transaminase does not necessarily represent liver cell damage. For example, a slight increase in transaminase may be a physiological cause of improper diet, poor rest, alcohol, drugs, and sometimes a cold, but a slight increase in transaminase; transaminase rises to more than 500 units in a short period of time, which is acute hepatitis and is temporary Liver injury; mild elevation caused by fatty liver. Normal transaminase does not mean normal liver function. If the transaminase is normal: but it is already in the advanced stage of liver disease, the transaminase is exhausted, showing a slightly higher level of non-elevated activity; or the jaundice continues to increase during severe liver disease, and the transaminase is normal or decreased.

2. Serum bilirubin : Bilirubin mainly understands the presence, extent and changes of jaundice. The normal value of total bilirubin is 1.71-17.1 mol / L (1-10mg / L), which is normal for direct bilirubin. The value is 1.71-7 mol / L (1-4 mg / L). Patients with high bilirubin may develop jaundice with yellow eyes, yellow urine, and yellow skin.

3. Glutamyl transferase: When the hepatitis recovers, GLT is still abnormally increased after ALT and AST return to normal. This enzyme is often used as a sign of whether patients can return to normal.

4. Serum protein detection : Including serum total protein, ratio of albumin to globulin and protein electricity, the normal value of serum albumin is 35-50g / L, the globulin is 20-30 g / L, and the A / G ratio is 1.3. -2.5. The amount of protein in the blood can reflect liver function. If the protein decreases, it means that the liver's synthetic function is impaired, which is a more serious condition, such as chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver failure. Some non-liver diseases can also cause changes in blood proteins, so pay attention to some physiological factors when analyzing the results.

5. Other liver function test indicators : blood ammonia (severe liver cell damage, blood ammonia can increase); prothrombin activity (when prothrombin activity decreases, often reflects the degree of liver cell damage); alpha-fetoprotein (Referred to as AFP, which continues to increase, indicating the possibility of primary liver cancer), and indicators such as alkaline phosphatase.

6.High albumin

Causes of high albumin in liver function tests:

Albumin is synthesized by liver parenchymal cells and is a type of globulin. Both albumin and globulin are proteins. Plasma contains a large amount of albumin, which accounts for 50% of total plasma protein. It is higher in dairy products and eggs. The main role of albumin is to maintain the colloid osmotic pressure in the body. When the colloid osmotic pressure is too low, the water in the blood will enter the tissue fluid, and the physical symptoms are edema.

The normal values of liver function tests for albumin are: 28-44g / L for newborns; 38-54g / L after 14 years; 35-50g / L for adults; 34-48g / L after 60 years. Chronic hepatitis, often with cirrhosis, reduces albumin and increases globulin, inverting the A / G ratio.

High albumin levels are mainly seen in blood concentrations that lead to increased relativity, such as: severe dehydration and shock, severe burns, kidney disease, and heavy bleeding. Diarrhea, vomiting, and rapid dehydration during high fever can also lead to an increase in albumin concentration in the serum, which can cause high albumin. In addition, high albumin can also be affected by protein intake in the diet.

Therefore, for patients with hepatitis B, high albumin is not a good thing and should be taken seriously. The concentration of albumin in serum can reflect whether the liver is damaged and the severity of the damage. At the same time, changes in albumin levels can cause a series of Pathological secondary disease, therefore, hepatitis B patients with high albumin must go to a regular hospital for a comprehensive examination to determine the cause in order to take effective treatment measures in a timely and effective manner, only active treatment is better.