What Are the Causes of Increased Creatinine?

Creatinine (Crein) is the product of muscle metabolism in the human body, mainly excreted by the glomerular filtration. Every 20g of muscle metabolism can produce 1mg of creatinine. When the meat intake is stable, the body's muscle metabolism does not change much, and creatinine production will be relatively constant.

[Density]:	1.5 ± 0.1 g / cm3
[Boiling point]:	184.3 ± 23.0 ° C at 760 mmHg
[Melting point]:	295 ° C (dec.) (Lit.)
[Molecular formula]:	C4H7N3O
[Molecular weight]:	113.118
[ Flash point]:	65.3 ± 22.6 ° C
[Exact mass]:	113.058914
[PSA]:	58.69000
[LogP]:	-1.68
[Appearance]:	White powder
[Vapor pressure]:	0.2 ± 0.8 mmHg at 25 ° C
[Refractive index]:	1.651
[ Storage conditions]:	This product should be sealed and stored in a dry place.
[Water solubility]:	SOLUBLE

^[1]

1. Molar refractive index: 28.01

2. Molar volume (cm3 / mol): 76.7

3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K): 213.1

4. Surface tension (dyne / cm): 59.5

5. Polarizability (10-24cm3): 11.10 ^[2]

1.Number of covalent bond units: 1

2.Number of hydrogen-bonded donors: 1

3.Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 1

4.Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0

5.Number of tautomers: 5

6. Topological molecular polar surface area 58.7

7.Number of heavy atoms: 8

8.Surface charge: 0

9.Complexity: 151

10.Number of isotope atoms: 0

11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0

12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0

13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0

14. Uncertain number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 ^[2]

Serum creatinine: serum creatinine in normal people

Male 54-106 moI / L

Female 44-97 mol / L

Pediatric 24.9-69.7 mol / L

Urinary creatinine: It is mainly derived from creatinine that is excreted in the urine after filtering through the glomerulus.

[Reference value] 8.4-13.25mmol / 24 hours urine or 40mg / dl to 130mg / dl is normal. ^[1]

Clinically tested

90% of the human body

(1) When urgent and chronic

Creatinine creatinine clearance

The first step: the patient continued a low protein diet for 3 days (protein <40g / d) to avoid strenuous exercise.

Step 2: Drain the urine at 8 am on the fourth day, collect 24h urine, add 5ml toluene for preservation, accurately measure the urine output, record it on the test sheet, and take 10ml urine for inspection.

The third step: urine retention on the same day pumped 2ml anticoagulant at the same time. After collecting the endogenous creatinine clearance sample, it can be calculated according to the formula: Ccr = (140-age) × weight (kg) / 72 × Scr (mg / dl) or Ccr = [(140-age) × weight ( kg)] / [0.818 × Scr (umol / L)]. Note the unit of creatinine. The calculation result is × 0.85 for women.

Normal value: 108 ± 15.1mL / min · 1.73m ² . It gradually decreases after the age of 40. After renal transplantation, the endogenous creatinine clearance rate of the patient is normal if it is greater than 50, and the best is greater than 70. Some hospitals consider cyclosporine renal toxicity, such as greater than 45 and stable, which is normal.

For example, the blood muscle liver is 132umol / L and the body weight is 65 kg. The 25-year-old endogenous liver clearance rate is 69

Diet: The traditional view is that meat should be banned for 3 days before the experiment. Observation that eating 250g of lean meat daily had no statistically significant effect on scr and ccr.

Avoid strenuous exercise before and during the test to avoid increasing blood and urine creatinine concentrations.

Urinary retention: In order to reduce the error caused by incomplete emptying of the bladder, the urine is generally kept for 24 hours (the morning of the next day to the next morning), and a preservative is added to the urine. The patient must be taught to urinate accurately and asked to repeat it. Avoid urinating with your stool.

At the end of urine retention the next morning, 2ml of fasting blood was collected for examination to measure serum creatinine (scr). It is best to collect blood for examination on the day when urine retention begins, and take the average of 2 scr. Urine volume was measured for 24 hours, and samples were taken for urine creatinine (ucr). According to the scr, ucr and urine output, the ccr is obtained. The calculated results are then corrected according to the standard body surface area. Corrected value = ccr × standard body surface area / actual body surface area. The standard body surface area is 1.73 m ² for Europeans and 1.48 m ² for Japanese. Normal value: 108 ± 15.1ml / min · 1.73m ² . It gradually decreases after the age of 40.

Preliminary evaluation of renal function, mild reduction is endogenous creatinine clearance of 70-51ml / min; moderate is 50-31ml / min; less than 30ml / min is severe reduction. A low child of 20-11 ml / min is an early stage renal insufficiency; a lower level of 10 to 6 ml / min is an advanced stage of renal insufficiency; a lower level of 5 ml / min is an end stage renal insufficiency. ^[3]

Creatinine diet

I. Limitation of salt: Generally speaking, patients with renal insufficiency and azotemia stage have high blood creatinine and start to show various mild clinical symptoms. However, due to moderate pathological damage, hypertension can be seen. As well as puffiness, control salt intake and give low-salt or salt-free diets, respectively.

Second, vitamin intake: patients with high renal failure and creatinine should choose foods rich in vitamin A, vitamin B2, and vitamin C. If renal insufficiency is only high in renal failure creatinine, but patients without oliguria and edema can not help but salt and water, maintain a low salt diet. If there is severe edema, and high blood pressure or even heart failure, salt prohibition should be strictly restricted.

3. Protein supply: Protein supply: Because patients with azotemia and renal insufficiency in this period, in order to control the continued deterioration of renal function, protein intake should be controlled and a high-quality, high-quality protein diet should be selected.

Creatinine dialysis

Patients with renal failure usually have creatinine much higher than normal. Dialysis can be considered when the creatinine number reaches 500. Creatinine 500 is the critical point of dialysis! But not all patients need dialysis to reach creatinine 500. Creatinine 500 is just a reference value suitable for most people. The need for dialysis depends on the specific physical condition of the patient.

Generally, patients with more than 500 muscle livers can not tolerate it, then dialysis is required, but some patients don't dial up to more than a thousand creatinine, and the blood creatinine needs to be dialyzed. The effect of dialysis to reduce creatinine is very good, but patients need to undergo dialysis regularly, and the creatinine will rise rapidly after a little relaxation, even higher than the original. With the gradual decline of renal function, dialysis will become more and more frequent, and uremia will be reached at the end of the dialysis. There is only one way for kidney transplantation to continue dialysis. ^[3]