What Are the Different Types of Systemic Disease?

Immune disease

Immune diseases are diseases caused by the imbalance of immune regulation that affects the body's immune response. Broadly defined immune diseases also include structural or functional abnormalities of the immune system caused by congenital or acquired causes.

Introduction to Immune Disease

"Autoimmune disease" refers to the immune system's immune response to components of the body, causing damage and causing disease. Originally, under normal circumstances, the immune system only responds to foreign objects invading the body, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and transplants, and destroys or rejects these foreign objects. Under the influence of certain factors, certain abnormalities occur in the body's tissue components or the immune system itself, causing the immune system to mistake its own components as foreign objects to attack. At this time, the immune system will produce antibodies and active lymphocytes that target some of the body's own components, damaging and destroying its own tissues and organs, leading to disease. It's like an army mistakenly regards its supposed protector as the enemy and hits its own. If it is not controlled in a timely and effective manner, the consequences will be very serious, and even endanger life.

Classification of immune diseases

"Immunity" is an extremely important self-defense function of the human body. The human body can resist a huge variety of diseases by relying on its own immunity.

Immune disease

Immunity consists of two parts, one is cellular immunity and the other is humoral immunity. The former consists of T cells and the latter consists of immunoglobulins. Once foreign substances such as bacteria and various foreign proteins invade the body and endanger the body's health, immune cells will surround them, decompose, and swallow them to eliminate and clear them. Immunoglobulins will be produced in large quantities and become antibodies to strengthen invaders confrontation. This is how the normal person's immunity and immunity manifest themselves. Normal immunity is modest and timely, under the control of high-level neural central regulation. If the regulation is abnormal, an abnormal immune response will also occur and occur. At this time, it will not only be unhelpful to the body, it will even damage the body and form new diseases. This disease is called an autoimmune disease.

Causes of immune diseases

Autoimmune diseases are mainly caused by the accumulation of a large number of immune cells and immunoglobulins produced by an excessive immune response, which damages the normal group

Immune disease

Weaving, causing lesions and functional impairment. It occurs on the skin, which is allergic dermatitis and various types of skin lesions. It occurs on joints, which is arthritis, and on the kidneys, it is nephritis ... Lupus erythematosus also falls into this category.

There are many studies and hypotheses on the cause and mechanism of this type of disease, but it is definitely related to the central regulatory imbalance, and it has a lot to do with mental disorders and emotional tension and anxiety. In high-tech and high-intelligence society, diseases such as biological factors (such as bacterial infections) and malnutrition have been greatly reduced. However, diseases of psycho-biological and social factors have been produced in large numbers, and the disease spectrum and diseases have changed. Increase is one of them.

Once an immune disease occurs, in addition to Chinese and western medicine treatment, maintaining a stable and peaceful mentality is also an important factor and link in rehabilitation. The more nervous and anxious you are, the more difficult it is to cure the disease, and even worsening it. Therefore, it is necessary to understand some immune diseases.

Immune disease diagnosis

First of all, it is necessary to clarify whether the nature of the disease is an immune disease, and which type of immune disease it is. This goal is generally easier to achieve, because various immune diseases have their clinical characteristics, and most can be diagnosed based on history and examination. Second, determine the cause of the disease. This is sometimes easy. Like the rejection response of an allogeneic transplant, the cause can often be determined from the medical history; sometimes it is extremely difficult, such as an autoimmune disease.

Immune diseases contain content

Common autoimmune diseases are: systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, thyroid function, juvenile diabetes, primary

Immune disease

Idiopathic platelet purpura, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, ulcerative colitis, and many skin diseases, chronic liver diseases, and more. These disease names are not new to many people. Polyneuritis:

A variety of etiologies can affect peripheral nerves, such as the simultaneous extensive damage to peripheral nerves, called polyneuritis. Mainly manifested as changes in symmetry, movement, skin color, and sweating of the distal extremities. Men and women of any age can develop the disease.

Patients often first feel abnormal sensations at the distal end of the hands and feet, such as acupuncture, ants walking or burning. The pain worsens when the skin of the affected limb is touched. If the skin of the distal part of the affected limb is slightly stabbed with a needle, the patient will feel numb, and the pain will weaken or disappear. Around this time or at the same time, the patient felt weakness in his limbs, showing that the hands and wrists of the upper limbs were drooping. He could not hold things, holding chopsticks, or holding a bowl. When others go to move the patient's limbs, they may feel weak hands and feet. In the elderly, the muscles of the extremities can be found to be atrophied. The upper limbs are mainly small muscles of the hands, and the lower limbs are particularly small. The color of the skin of the hands and feet has also changed, such as dull, pale or bruising, many or non-sweat, and it is colder to touch.

The more common cause is infection. Before the onset, symptoms of upper respiratory or gastrointestinal infection often occur, and the disease occurs after 1 to 3 weeks, and most of them are acute onset. Such a type of polyneuritis is called acute infectious polyneuritis . This disease is more common in adolescents, and the most common season is June to October. In addition to the limbs, the functions of the head and face are often affected, such as not being able to close eyes, showing teeth, leaking air when whistling, etc. There are fashionable hoarseness, coughing and difficulty swallowing. Protein in cerebrospinal fluid increased, but the number of cells was small. Various kinds of heavy metal and toxin poisoning can cause polyneuritis, such as arsenic, lead, carbon monoxide, carbon disulfide, organophosphorus pesticides (trichlorfon, 1605, 1059) and other poisoning. Some medicines, such as furacicillin, furantoin, isoniazid, and sulfa drugs can also cause the disease.

Many systemic diseases are also important causes, such as gastrointestinal diseases, diabetes, cancer, cachexia, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma and so on.

Characteristics of immune disease

The treatment of these diseases has one thing in common. They all require the use of immunosuppressants to suppress the immune response against the body. The most commonly used are adrenal corticosteroids, such as prednisone, hydrocortisone, and dexamethasone, which are often referred to as "hormones". If the effect is not good, so-called cytotoxic drugs such as cyclophosphamide and methotrexate may also be used. These drugs can be used to suppress immunity and treat cancer. All immunosuppressants have a major common adverse effect, which will affect the body's anti-infection and anti-tumor immune functions to varying degrees. Therefore, many experts have been studying other treatment methods, and it has been found that certain biological agents and natural drugs inhibit the autoimmune response, but the immune function against infection and antitumor has no or little adverse effects.

Pathogenesis of immune diseases

1. Taboo cell line theory. Mutated lymphocytes appear in the body and proliferate due to some stimulus. Due to this mutant lymphocyte

Immune disease

The abnormality in the structure of the antigen makes it consider the normal self tissue as a foreign body, and the immune response causes tissue damage.

2. Hidden antigen theory. During embryonic development, only tissues that have been examined by the lymphatic reticulum are identified as their own tissues and protected. Some organs and tissues, such as the central nervous system, thyroid, crystals, sperm, etc., are not recognized by the immune system during the embryonic period and are therefore not protected. Once due to infection, trauma, etc., the autoantigens of these tissues are released into blood or lymph , Can stimulate the production of autoantibodies, causing tissue damage.

Immune disease

3. The theory of self-variation. Normal tissues are mutated by physical, chemical, or biological stimuli, and are recognized by the immune system as non-self tissues and rejected.

4. The theory of immune clearance dysfunction. Due to immune deficiency, mutant lymphocytes or antigens cannot be effectively removed, leading to an autoimmune process.

5. Cross-reactive antibody theory. Because some tissue components of the body have similar antigenicity with external antigens, when the body clears external antigens, it also damages these self-tissues with similar antigenicity.

In addition, the occurrence of autoimmune diseases is also related to various factors such as age, gender, and genetics, so the mechanism may be multifaceted.

Immune disease treatment

1. Apply cytotoxic agents to destroy rapidly proliferating cell lines.

Immune disease

2. Application of corticosteroids to suppress pathological stimuli produced by autoimmune processes.

3. Apply drugs to antagonize the effects and damage caused by pharmacologically active substances released during autoimmunity.

4. If it is possible to remove lesions that produce autoantigens, surgery can also be used as a means of treating autoimmune diseases.

According to various possible causes, such as infection, heavy metal or other poisons, drug poisoning, give corresponding treatment. If infection, antibiotics and Chinese medicine can be used; drug poisoning requires more drinks, keep the stool open, severe cases need fluid replacement, gastric lavage; poisons with antidote.

Take a large amount of vitamin B1 and vitamin B12 to improve neurotrophy.

Acute infectious polyneuritis can generally be treated with adrenal corticosteroids (such as prednisone, dexamethasone, etc.) in order to suppress the development of inflammation and reduce symptoms. Acute infectious polyneuritis sometimes has a very fierce onset, and quadriplegia and respiratory muscle paralysis may occur from the beginning, with bruising and dyspnea. Therefore, oxygen should be given immediately, artificially assisted breathing, and sent to the hospital for rescue.

Immune disease prevention principles

1. Alternative therapy can be applied to immunodeficiency. For example, immunodeficiency caused by gamma globulin deficiency can be treated with gamma globulin.

Immune disease

Enhancer to improve the body's immune reactivity.

2. Isolate or avoid substances that cause abnormal immune responses, such as controlling the environment and stopping certain drugs.

3. Type I allergies can be treated with specific desensitization to improve the body's tolerance to sensitizing substances.

4. Type I allergic reactions can also use drugs to inhibit the production of mediators to block the immune response.

5. Use drugs to antagonize the effects of mediators and the tissue responses they cause.

6. Use immunosuppressants to suppress overactive immune responses.

7. Remove infections that stimulate the immune response and lesions that produce autoimmunity.

8. Eliminate all kinds of stimuli that can aggravate clinical symptoms.