What Are the Different Types of Vision Problems?

Vision refers to the ability of the retina to distinguish between images. Vision is judged by the retina's ability to distinguish images. However, when the eye's refractive media (such as cornea, lens, vitreous, etc.) become cloudy or refractive errors (including nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, etc.) Eyes with good retinal function will still have reduced vision. The eye's refractive medium is cloudy and can be treated with surgery, while refractive errors require lens correction.

vision

(Medical term)

Vision is

(1) Farsightedness Test

1. Precautions for installing eye chart

   (1) The surface must be clean and flat.

   (2) The height of the table is 1.0 vision on the table (

   In general, when looking at things at different distances and different brightness, the human eye has a certain ability to adjust to make the image on the retina as clear as possible. However, excessive use of the eye will increase the pressure of the extraocular muscles on the eyeball, especially the eyeballs of primary and middle school students are in the development stage, and the wall wall is relatively stretchable. Prolonged excessive use of the eye is more likely to cause abnormal development of the eyeball, causing distant After the light passes through the eye's refraction, the focus deviates from the retina, causing vision loss. So how do you avoid this overuse of the eye?

   Right light intensity

   Poor light (too bright or too dark), especially when studying with high eye intensity, inadequate ambient light during work and life, is the first factor affecting vision. For this reason, the state has set strict standards for the requirements of light illumination in different indoor occasions (such as reading / writing in the study> 300 Lux), but for ordinary people, this is not so straightforward to help protect eyesight. The reason is that the average person does not have so much knowledge about the illuminance (brightness) of the ambient light, and the measurement of the illuminance requires

   1. Excimer laser keratectomy (PRK)

   Excimer laser surgery uses a 193nm UV laser to accurately cut the optical region of the cornea and reshape the corneal surface yield. For the treatment of myopia, the range of correction of myopia is best below 600. The shortcomings are that the anterior elastic layer of the cornea is damaged by surgery, which is likely to cause corneal haze, vision regression and steroid-induced high intraocular pressure. A few patients have vision regression after a period of time.

   2.Laser keratomileusis (LASIK)

   The treatment principle of this surgery is the same as PRK, but it does not damage the cornea and the anterior elastic layer, and uses excimer laser to perform high-precision cutting and in-situ grinding and inlay in the corneal stroma layer to make the operation predictable and stable. The safety and security are greatly improved. This surgery has a wide range of corrections, and can correct any myopia below 3000 degrees (under the condition of comprehensive preoperative examination and various indicators). After treatment, there was almost no eye discomfort, no need to cover your eyes, you can go to work, school and physical examination the next day.

   3.LASIK under Excimer Laser Epithelial Keratomileusis

   This method is used for special cases such as thin cornea and high myopia. LASIK is the preferred treatment for myopia. Myopia is true or false. According to medical principles and clinical experience, any treatment instrument and other non-surgical methods can help prevent and treat false myopia, and only surgical methods can be used for true myopia. Although there are many surgical methods, the LASIK laser treatment for myopia is commonly used. This method is accepted by 90% of patients in the United States who want to treat myopia. Its characteristics are: convenient, pain-free, direct treatment time is only ten seconds, and you can go to work, school and physical examination the next day after treatment.

   4.Intraocular refractive surgery (ICL)

   This surgery is suitable for the treatment of elderly and ultra-high myopia. By removing transparent or opaque lenses and implanting different anterior or posterior chamber intraocular lenses, the original

   Eye protection

   Eye protection measures vary with age.

   Fetal period: The eyes of the fetus are formed in the mother body with the development of systemic organs. Protecting the eyes of the fetus is mainly from pregnant women. In addition to preventing trauma and paying attention to nutrition, it is more important for pregnant women to prevent and treat infectious diseases in a timely manner, especially in the first 3 months of pregnancy. The most important thing is not to get infected. Rubella and severe cold, because of these diseases during pregnancy, children's eyes are often prone to serious diseases, such as congenital cataracts.

   Infant period: from birth to 1 year of age, do not wrap your child in strong light to prevent vision damage; do not let your child look at fixed things, so as not to cause strabismus.

   Preschool age: Children 1 to 7 years old are mainly playing, so in order to protect the eyes, you must choose toys without acute angles. At the same time, parents and childcare staff should often educate their children not to play dangerous games. When reading books, the light should be bright and soft. Avoid strong sunlight. If you are not sure about the light, you may wish to use an eye protection pen to monitor it Objects should be kept at a certain distance (around 30); if you have strabismus, you should go to the hospital in time for correction; and you should cultivate good hygiene habits without rubbing your eyes with your fingers or wiping your eyes with someone's towel.

   School-age children: The posture of reading should be correct, the distance between the book and the eye should be more than 30 cm, and special attention should be paid to whether the brightness of the light is reasonable (whether it is too bright / too dark). You can use eye protection light pen to monitor. Because children of this age group have not developed good sitting habits, their bodies (especially their heads and hands) often block light, and parents need to remind and correct them often. Do not read books while walking or driving, and pay attention to the prevention and treatment of eye diseases.

   Adults: Adults have basically matured all parts of their bodies, as well as their eyes, so they are more adaptable to various environments and conditions. At this time, to protect the eyes, attention should be paid from trauma. At the same time, we must pay attention to the prevention and treatment of diseases. Those with trachoma should be actively treated to avoid serious development and trichiasis; those who have had iris should pay attention to preventing colds and colds to avoid continuous recurrence and cataract formation.

   Ageing: The most common eye disease is glaucoma. This disease is very serious, sometimes it suddenly occurs, and the vision is significantly reduced. It is accompanied by headache, nausea, vomiting, and other symptoms such as cloudiness. If it is not treated properly, it can be completely blind. Some develop very slowly. When the light is on, the red and green circles do not appear in front of the eyes, and there are headaches and other discomfort symptoms, and slowly the eyes are broken. If older people notice these symptoms, they should seek medical attention in a timely manner.

   Vision food health

   Although congenital myopia has genetic factors, the child's healthy vision can still be maintained through active prevention and treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine advocates "nurtured innateness", and believes that myopia astigmatism can be achieved through daily diet, exercise, and treatment. It can achieve the purpose of compensating for genetic factors and restoring healthy vision. Parents should try their best to let children eat less sweets and eat more foods rich in vitamins A, B1, B2, C and E. Common vitamin-rich foods are eggs, milk, fish, meat, liver, and fresh vegetables and fruits. In addition, dark bread, especially semolina, is rich in vitamin B needed for the eyes, skin, and hair. Melon seeds, natural honey, milk, dairy products, and eggs should also be consumed more.

   -Vitamins

   Modern medical research shows that vitamins are closely related to the occurrence of eye diseases. Those who use too much eyes need more vitamins and minerals needed by the eyes. It is very important to protect the eyes by properly supplementing the nutrients needed by the eyes. Therefore, eye experts recommend that people with eye fatigue should pay attention to the balance of diet and nutrition, and usually eat more coarse grains, miscellaneous grains, red and green vegetables, potatoes, beans, fruits and other foods containing vitamins, proteins and cellulose. Eyes that are too dry and lack of mucus moisturization can easily cause eye fatigue. Vitamin A or b carotene and the supply of mucus have a great correlation. In addition, vitamin B6, vitamin C and zinc supplements can also help solve the problem of dry eyes .

   Poor night vision and dry eye are closely related to vitamin A deficiency. Animal liver, cod liver oil, caviar, whole milk and whole milk products, eggs and other vitamin A content is higher. Vitamin A is more abundant in green and yellow vegetables, fruits such as spinach, chives, pea seedlings, alfalfa, green peppers, sweet potatoes, carrots, pumpkins, apricots, and mangoes.

   Vitamin C and E can eliminate the abnormal accumulation of oxides in the human body and avoid tissue damage. If the body lacks these vitamins, the eye will develop early-onset cataracts. You can take more dark green vegetables and various fruits to supplement vitamin C. In addition, you can get enough vitamin E from plant seeds, such as peanuts, walnuts, pine nuts, and so on.

   -Zinc and protein

   Zinc and protein are essential for the health of the retina. Zinc can be supplemented by eating liver, kidney, seafood, dairy, cereals, beans, hard fruits and so on. Lean pork, beef, lamb, chicken and duck, animal offal, milk, fish and beans are rich in protein.

   - tea

   Honey lemon chrysanthemum tea suitable for office workers can improve vision-Materials: 3 slices of lemon, 10g of chrysanthemum, 2 ~ 3 tablespoons of Ji'antang acacia flower honey. Breathe chrysanthemum in boiling water for 5 minutes, add lemon slices, add honey when warm, and stir evenly. It has the functions of dispersing wind and clearing heat, detoxifying and anti-inflammatory, clearing eyes and clearing liver, protecting eyesight, and intestines and moistening lungs.

   -Eye Care Food

   What you eat can protect your eyes and make them brighter. Here are eight delicious dishes.

   Walnut jujube and egg pudding: 300 grams of walnuts (slightly fried and peeled), 250 grams of red dates (pitted), 150 grams of Chinese wolfberry, chopped with 200 grams of fresh pork liver, put a little water in a porcelain pot, and block the water Stew for half an hour and set aside. Take 2 to 3 tablespoons a day, beat in two eggs, add some sugar and steam for a few times. It is beneficial to kidney and liver, nourishing blood, and can improve the symptoms of myopia, vision loss, dizziness, forgetfulness, waist and knee weakness.

   Peanut Seed Jujube Bean Cake: 100 grams of peanut rice, 50 grams of pumpkin seeds, 60 grams of red date meat, 30 grams of soybean powder, 250 grams of japonica rice flour, mashed with the date meat, add some flour, add an appropriate amount of oil and water , Mix well to make cakes, steamed and eaten in a day. It can nourish the spleen and qi, nourish the eyesight, improve myopia, blurred vision, shortness of breath, constipation and other symptoms.

   Bean kernel and rice eight treasure porridge: red beans, lentils, peanut kernels, barley kernels, walnut meat, longan, lotus seeds, red dates 30 grams each, 500 grams of rice, boiled porridge, mix with warm sugar. It can strengthen the spleen, nourish qi and improve eyesight. It is suitable for myopia, insufficient vision, poor dysentery, and indigestion.

   Ginseng Polygala Chinensis: 10 grams of ginseng, 30 grams of Polygala. The total pestle is 8 grams per pack, 1 packet per time, brewed with boiling water for tea, and served for 7 to 10 days. It can nourish qi and nourish the heart, and make eyesight.

   Chinese wolfberry shreds: 100 grams of Chinese wolfberry, 300 grams of lean pork, 10 grams of green bamboo shoots (or magnolia slices), 100 grams of lard, appropriate amount of various condiments. Wash the pig's lean meat and cut it into filaments of about 6 cm. Green bamboo shoots are also made in the same way. When the oil is 70% hot, add pork, bamboo shoots and stir-fry, add cooking wine, soy sauce, salt, monosodium glutamate, add wolfberry, stir fry a few times, drizzle with sesame oil. Chinese wolfberry can nourish liver and kidney, moisten lungs and eyesight, and pork is rich in protein. If eaten together, it can make qi and blood strong and nourish various tissues in the eye.

   Pork liver soup: 100 grams of pork liver, two eggs, tempeh, light onion, salt, and MSG. Wash the pork liver, cut into slices, add an appropriate amount of water to the pot, cook over low heat until the liver is cooked, add tempeh and light white, and then add eggs, salt, MSG and other flavoring. Eggs and pig liver are both protein-rich foods. Pig liver contains more vitamin A and can nourish eyeballs. Together, the two can receive the effect of nourishing the liver, which is suitable for the treatment of adolescent myopia (also used for hyperopia). Pig liver can be replaced by sheep liver, beef liver, chicken liver.

   Sesame and walnut milk honey drink: black sesame fried ground sesame powder, walnut meat is slightly fried and smashed, divided into storage bottles. Take one spoon each time, pour into a cup of milk (or soy milk), add one spoon of honey and mix. Can nourish liver and kidney, moisturize eyesight, can be used for diet myopia and dry eyes, dry stool results.

   Oyster Mushroom and Seaweed Soup: 250 grams of fresh oyster meat, 200 grams of mushrooms, 30 grams of seaweed, ginger, sesame oil, salt, and MSG. First boil the mushrooms and ginger for a quarter of an hour, then boil the oysters and seaweed slightly, mix with the above sauce and eat with the soup. It can nourish the kidney and nourish the liver, nourish the blood and make eyesight, and is suitable for myopia, dizziness or chronic illness, dizziness.

   Vision Other Health

   First, the blink of an eye

   Choose a quiet place, or sit or stand, relax your body, clear your mind, open your eyes, keep your head and neck still, and turn your eyes alone. First stare directly below the stare, slowly turn to the left, then directly above the stare, to the right, and finally back to just below the stare. In this way, first turn 9 turns clockwise. Then let the eyes stare from below, to the right, to the top, to the left, and back to the bottom. Then, turn 6 turns counterclockwise. Do it 4 times in total. With each turn, the eyeball should reach the limit as much as possible. This eye-turning method can exercise the eye muscles, making the eyes flexible and refreshing.

   Eye Breath Condensation

   Choose a place where the air is fresh, or sit or stand, relax your whole body, look at the front with your two eyes, slowly inhale the air, your eyes widen, stop for a moment, then exhale the air slowly, and your eyes will slowly close slightly. Do it 9 times.

   Third, press the eyeball method.

   With your eyes closed, gently press the eyeball with the index finger, middle finger, or ring finger, or you can rotate and rub. Can't last for too long or rub it hard, stop in about 20 seconds.

   Fourth, press the forehead method.

   Each of the three fingers of both hands rotates and rubs from the center of the forehead to the left and right temples, and then presses hard on the temples, which can be applied with the fingertips. So the bottom of the eye will feel comfortable. Repeat 3 to 5 times.

   Fifth, press the eyebrow method.

   Stick the abdomen of the thumb to the recess under the root of the eyebrows, and press or turn gently. Repeat 3 times. Eyes look far away, and the eyeballs are turned to the right, up, left, and down, and the head must not be shaken.

   Vision error

   Mistake No. 1: The eye drops are dry.

   Because I have been facing the computer for too long, some people are accustomed to carrying a bottle of eye drops every day. When they feel that their eyes are dry, they drop a drop. They think they protect their eyes. However, ophthalmologists point out that this is actually not good for the eyes. Generally, medicines have side effects. It is okay to use eye drops occasionally when the eyes are dry. The rest of the eyes should still be achieved by relaxing the eyes as much as possible, such as looking at the window for 15 minutes, or doing exercise to promote blood circulation and relax the eye muscles.

   Mistake # 2: Turn off the lights and watch TV.

   Some people like to turn off the lights in the room when they are watching TV or using a computer. Only the bright light on the screen is left. Experts point out that this is wrong. At this time, the light contrast will be particularly high, and the eyes are particularly prone to fatigue. Over time, it will affect vision and even damage the eyes. It is reasonable to leave a little light (ie, background light) indoors, and not too dark.

   Mistake # 3: Focus on the computer without blinking.

   Some people use their computer to work, their eyes are fixed for too long, they are too concerned, their eyes do not blink. Experts point out that in this way, the eyes are easy to dry, and over time there will be foreign body sensations, tears, and even blurred vision. Blinking is actually a way for the eyes to prevent the cornea from drying out. Therefore, adults must pay attention to rest for 1 to 2 hours when working in front of the computer, and often close their eyes for a rest.

   Normal people between the ages of 20 and 40 blink about 20 times per minute, and when they open their eyes and stare at a fast-moving computer screen, the number of blinks will be reduced to 4 to 5 times per minute, causing severe lack of tear secretion and eyes Dry and sour symptoms. So deliberately blinking is very effective for eye protection. The doctor recommends blinking at least 10 times per minute, which not only helps to promote tear secretion and relieve the symptoms of dryness and astringency, but also cleans the eyes and gives a small massage to the eyes to relieve eye fatigue. In addition, often fumigating your eyes with hot water, hot towels, or steam can promote blood circulation in the eyes and reduce eye fatigue.