What Are the Effects of Elevated FSH?

FSH, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, is a hormone secreted by basophils in the anterior pituitary gland and is composed of glycoproteins. Follicle-stimulating hormone regulates the human body's development, growth, adolescent sexual maturity, and a series of physiological processes related to reproduction, and stimulates the maturation of germ cells. FSH internal division is later than other cytokines, and its main role is to promote follicle maturation. Promote the proliferation and differentiation of follicular granulosa cells, and promote the growth and development of the entire ovary. If it acts on the seminiferous tubules of the testis, it can promote sperm formation.

FSH

FSH, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, is the anterior pituitary

FSH effect

Follicle-stimulating hormone is a hormone that is synthesized and secreted by the pituitary gland and belongs to a glycosylated protein hormone. Later research showed that follicle stimulating hormone is one of the important hormones in men and women, regulating a series of physiological processes related to development, growth, adolescent sexual maturity, and reproduction. Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone play a vital role in the physiological processes related to reproduction.

Follicle-stimulating hormone is a glycoprotein, the active form of which is a glycosylated heterodimer, consisting of two polypeptides and . Glycoprotein hormones such as luteinizing hormone, thyroid hormone, and human chorionic gonadotropin adopt a structure similar to that of follicle stimulating hormone. They share the same alpha subunit (containing amino acid residues at position 92), while the beta subunit varies from hormone to hormone. The beta subunit of follicle stimulating hormone contains 118 amino acid residues and is responsible for interaction with the follicle stimulating hormone receptor. Glycosylation on the surface of follicle stimulating hormone involves trehalose, galactose, mannose, galactosamine, glucosamine, and aluminosilicate. Among them, aluminosilicate is closely related to the biological half-life of follicle stimulating hormone. The half-life of follicle stimulating hormone is 3 to 4 hours. The molecular weight of follicle stimulating hormone is about 30,000 Da.

FSH activity

Follicle-stimulating hormone regulates the human body's development, growth, adolescent sexual maturity, and a series of physiological processes related to reproduction, especially to stimulate the maturation of germ cells.

FSH in women

In the ovary, follicle stimulating hormone stimulates the growth of immature follicles until they mature into Graf follicles. During the growth of the follicle, inhibin is released to block the further synthesis of follicle stimulating hormone. This mechanism guarantees the selectivity of ovulation. At the end of the lutealization phase, the level of follicle stimulating hormone also increased slightly, which may be related to the beginning of the next ovulation cycle.

FSH in men

In the testis, follicle stimulating hormone increases the level of male hormone-binding protein synthesized by Sertoli cells, induces tight binding of Sertoli cells, and secretes inhibin, which plays a vital role in spermatogenesis.

Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor belongs to the G protein coupled receptor family. The binding of follicle stimulating hormone to its receptor protein will cause a conformational change in the latter. As a membrane protein across cell membranes, the extracellular allosterone of the follicle stimulating hormone receptor will trigger intracellular allosteric changes, change its binding state with G protein, and further induce other secondary proteins such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate, etc. The generation of messengers transmits signals into the nucleus, realizing the regulation of protein expression and cell development process