What Are the Most Common Symptoms of a Baby Eye Infection?

Acute infectious diseases caused by adenovirus are easy to invade the respiratory and digestive tract mucosa, ocular conjunctiva, urinary tract and lymph nodes. The main manifestations are acute upper respiratory infections (2% to 4% of acute respiratory infections are caused by adenoviruses), followed by eye and gastrointestinal infections. The crowd is generally susceptible and more common in children. About half of the patients are recessive. Infants and young children are susceptible to adenoviral pneumonia, with a severe condition and a high mortality rate. No specific treatment. According to the investigation of the human serum specific antibodies and virus isolation, it can be seen that adenovirus infection is very extensive. The source of infection is patients and recessive infections. The virus is excreted from the respiratory tract and ocular conjunctiva secretions, feces and urine, and transmitted through air droplets, close contact and fecal-oral routes.

Basic Information

English name: adenovirus infection
Visiting department: Department of Infectious and Clinical Microbiology
Multiple groups: child
Common causes: Adenovirus

Common symptoms: Increased eye irritation and secretions, fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose, lungs, etc.
Contagious: Have
way for spreading: Transmission through air droplets, close contact and fecal-oral route

Causes of adenovirus infection

Adenoviruses were found to have 6 subtypes (A to F) and 55 different serotypes (according to the virus genotype). About 20 serotypes are known to infect humans. The virus is an icosahedral capsid with a diameter of 70 to 80 nanometers, and the core contains double-stranded DNA. Unstable to heat and acid. Because it does not contain lipids, it has strong resistance to lipid solubilizers such as bile salts, so it can survive in the intestine. Different subtypes can cause different infections.

Clinical manifestations of adenovirus infection

The incubation period of this disease is 4 to 5 days, and the clinical manifestations of adults and children are different.

Adult clinical manifestations

(1) Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis In general, adenovirus types 8 and 19 can cause the disease to spread. Other types are usually sporadic cases. The incubation period is longer, usually 3 to 24 days, and the early symptoms are not obvious. It is manifested in the eyes, and the eye irritation and secretions increase, which can last for 1 to 4 weeks. The corneal damage can last for several months and rare blindness. It is more commonly transmitted through the family, and can be transmitted through contaminated public towels, contaminated hands, eye drops, etc.

(2) Respiratory tract infections usually include fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose, and lung snoring. The results of X-ray examination are mostly unilateral interstitial pneumonia or changes in lung consolidation, generally the lower lung field, and may also be accompanied by a small amount of pleural effusion. Secondary bacterial infections are relatively rare, and fatal cases have been gradually discovered in the past 10 years. The course of disease is usually short, usually 1 to 2 weeks.

2. Clinical manifestations of children

(1) Hemorrhagic cystitis generally shows no obvious seasonality and is more common in boys, mostly caused by adenovirus types 11 and 21. For 3 to 7 days, it may be accompanied by frequent urination, hematuria, urgency, dysuria, gross hematuria, and microscopic hematuria may last for about 2 weeks.

(2) Respiratory infections The most common symptom of infant adenovirus infection is rhinitis. Fulminant bronchitis and pneumonia may occur in this age group. And some children may develop pertussis syndrome.

(3) Most of pharyngeal conjunctivitis is caused by adenovirus types 3 and 7, and a pandemic can occur in summer, which is related to the spread of water in the pool. It showed acute onset, fever above 38 ° C, pharyngitis, rhinitis, ocular conjunctivitis, and cervical lymphadenitis. Granular conjunctiva and eyelid conjunctiva can be seen with granular protrusions, redness and swelling, often unilateral, bilateral ones are often heavier on one side. Symptoms lasted 1 to 2 weeks without sequelae. Generally without bronchitis and pneumonia.

(4) Other pericarditis, chronic interstitial fibrosis, infant diarrhea, rubella-like disease, and congenital malformations have been found to be associated with adenovirus infection. It is worth noting that after organ transplantation and adenovirus infection in immunodeficiency patients, in addition to causing respiratory and urinary tract infections, it can also cause central nervous system infections such as encephalitis.

Adenovirus infection test

Rapid diagnostic method

The smear of exfoliated cells removed from the pharynx was stained with a fluorescent immunosera of polyvalent adenovirus. Bright fluorescence in the nucleus of the exfoliated cells was seen under a fluorescence microscope, indicating that the virus was positive.

2. Virus isolation

Passaged monolayers of human epithelial cells were inoculated with pharyngeal secretions, sputum, conjunctival scrape, and fresh urine of different clinical types. Typical cytopathies could be detected after 2 to 7 days. Groups were determined by the hemagglutination test and typed by the neutralization test.

3. Serology

To confirm the diagnosis of this disease, you can take the serum in the acute phase and the recovery phase, and test the complement-binding antibody, neutralizing antibody, and hemagglutination inhibitory antibody. If you find a 4-fold increase. Different antibodies have different titers after infection:

(1) The titer of complement-binding antibody decreases or disappears one year after infection;

(2) Hemagglutination inhibiting antibody is a specific antibody, and the antibody titer increases after one week of infection;

(3) The neutralizing antibody lasts for at least 10 years, and the titer does not decrease. In patients with hemorrhagic cystitis, a single serum adenovirus type 11 or 21 neutralizing antibody titer exceeding 1:32 can be diagnosed.

4. Molecular diagnosis

Respiratory tract specimens were taken, and adenovirus-specific gene fragments were amplified by PCR to diagnose.

Differential diagnosis of adenovirus infection

It is distinguished from herpes virus, pox virus, influenza, parainfluenza, and rhinovirus infections.

Flu

(1) The incubation period is several hours to 4 days, usually 1 to 2 days;

(2) High fever, body temperature can reach 39 ~ 40 , accompanied by chills, usually lasts 2 to 3 days;

(3) Symptoms of systemic poisoning are severe, such as fatigue, headache, dizziness, and general soreness; lasting for a long time, and symptoms such as fatigue after normal body temperature can last 1 to 2 weeks;

(4) Symptoms of catarrh in the respiratory tract are slight, often with sore throat, and a few have nasal congestion, runny nose, etc.

2. Pox virus

Viruses that cause local or systemic purulent skin damage if infected in humans and animals.

Adenovirus infection complications

Complicated with bronchitis and pneumonia, if it is immune-deficient, it can be accompanied by encephalitis and other central nervous system infections.

The main symptoms of bronchitis: sputum, wheezing, and chronic cough. If there is no smoking, exposure to harmful gases, overwork, climate change or cold, the general symptoms are mild, otherwise, it may cause an acute attack or worsen. Chronic bronchitis continues unabated from upper respiratory tract infections and gradually evolves.