What Are the Symptoms of a Leg Infection?

Most of the pathogens of infectious skin diseases are invaded by the skin, such as various warts caused by viruses, dermatophytosis caused by fungi, purulent skin diseases caused by cocci, leprosy caused by bacilli, tuberculosis, and schistosomiasis caused by schistosomiasis of animals Cercaria dermatitis, scabies caused by chigger mites, etc. In addition, there are rubella, measles, coccidioidosis, and histoplasmosis in the respiratory tract. Sexually transmitted persons such as syphilis, gonorrhea, inguinal lymphogranuloma, etc. Some pathogens are brought in by intermediate hosts, such as skin leishmaniasis and filariasis. Some organisms can also damage the skin and cause skin diseases, such as caterpillar dermatitis, mite dermatitis, scorpion stings, snake bites, etc.

Infectious skin disease

Infectious dermatosis is a disease caused by the penetration of pathogens into the skin.

Basic introduction to infectious skin diseases

Some microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Candida are normal flora of the skin and mucous membranes. When the body's resistance decreases, a bacterial flora disorder can occur, at which time these microorganisms can cause infection. Some pathogens originate from the surrounding environment. For example, tuberculosis bacteria can float in the air. Mycelia sp. Exist on soil and plants; colored molds exist on soil and trees. Other infectious skin diseases are caused by direct or indirect contact, such as molluscum contagiosum, ringworm, athlete's foot, tinea capitis, and erysipelas.

Classification of infectious skin diseases

1. Folliculitis : Folliculitis is divided into two types: bacterial and non-bacterial. The skin lesions are miliary-sized inflammatory pimples, gradually forming small pustules, most of which appear in batches, do not fuse with each other, the pustules burst, a small amount of pus and blood are discharged, and itching and pain are felt. Occurs on the scalp

Infectious skin disease And neck, especially in the hairline.

2. Bloated : The skin lesions are inflammatory nodules with large or larger round soybeans, the surface is smooth and tense, the touch is solid, and the area is red, swollen, hot, and painful. It is usually single and occurs on the face, neck, hips, and limbs. Patients with diabetes and malnutrition are prone to this disease.

3. Paronychia : Paronychia trauma, reverse stripping (pulling thorns), nail inlays, excessive nail cutting, and various physical and chemical stimuli can cause the disease.

Onset from one side of the nail groove, local swelling, pain, and then spread to the nail root or contralateral nail groove, forming an abscess. The course is long and recurrent.

Infection can run along the edge of the nail (side and proximal nail profile) or can spread below the nail and become purulent. A few people's infection penetrates into the deep part of the finger, which can lead to tendon, tendon necrosis, and then the infection spreads along the tendon sheath. Chronic infection, resulting in nail damage.

Acute paronychia can begin with nail stabbing or nail inlays, and can develop to the paronychia of the paronychia adjacent to the paronychia. It quickly causes pain, swelling and fingers, red spots around the nails, and the onset of chronic paronychia is relatively insidious. For chronic recurrent inflammation, the debris from the nails should be taken for the culture of Candida albicans or Candida albicans.

Acute infections are treated with hot compresses or immersion, and are usually treated with systemic antibiotics (such as ortho-penicillin 250 mg orally, 4 times a day, and cephalexin 250 mg orally, 4 times a day). The accumulated debris is painful and the pyogenic sacs The cavity (abscess) should be cut and drained with a scalpel tip of a No. 11 blade. The infection spreads along the tendon and needs to be cut open immediately and drained. It is best to ask a surgeon for assistance.

For chronic recurrent infections, the nail must be trimmed to a separate part of the skin below it. If no Candida albicans has been grown in several cultures, topical iodine tincture (2 drops 2 times a day) will be used to help maintain the area of hypothyroidism and paronychia. To prevent infection; if Candida albicans grows, topical antifungal lotions (such as cyclopiroxol, miconazole) or creams (such as ketoconazole) should be applied to the paronychia and the under nail area. 3 times, invalid

Infectious skin disease Cases may require oral triazole antifungal drugs: itraconazole or fluconazole, because the gastrointestinal tract is likely to be the source of white rosary, so nystatin 500,000 u can be taken orally 4 times a day. For women Also check and treat the accompanying candida vaginitis. The severely deformed deck can be removed. Keeping hands dry can prevent recurrence.

4, purulent granuloma: also known as capillary proliferative granuloma, is a capillary proliferative lesion caused by skin damage. The skin lesion is a hyperplasia of round papillary granulation tissue with a smooth surface, which is light red or dark red. It is soft and elastic to touch, easy to bleed, and may have purulent secretions, and the course is slow.

Infectious dermatosis virus pathology

It is an acute inflammation caused by hemolytic streptococci invading the skin lymphatic vessels. Athlete's foot, mosquito bites and trauma can all be induced. May have chills, high fever and general discomfort, the skin lesions are swollen with red patches, the edges are clear, the surface is tense and shiny, severe cases may appear bullae, burning pain, and generally do not purulent. It often occurs on the face and limbs.

Etiology and pathology of infectious skin diseases

Erysipelas is an acute inflammation of the skin and its reticular lymph vessels, caused by the invasion of -hemolytic streptococci from small wounds on the skin and mucous membranes. The erysipelas spread quickly and there was very little tissue necrosis or suppuration. $ 2: ^} 8 /, one hundred thumb medicine

Infectious skin disease Clinical manifestations: The common sites of erysipelas are the lower extremities and the face. Sudden onset of illness, patients often have headaches, chills and fever. The local manifestations are flaky rashes, bright red, lighter in the middle, clear edges, and slightly raised. A slight pressure on the finger can make the red fade, but after the pressure is removed, the red will soon recover. When the swelling spreads around, the red in the center subsides and desquamates, and the color turns brownish yellow. Redness and swelling can sometimes occur in blisters. Burning pain. Nearby lymph nodes are often swollen and painful. Athlete's foot or bloodworm infection can cause repeated attacks of lower limb erysipelas, and can sometimes cause lymphedema or even elephantiasis. $ 2: ^} 8 /, one hundred thumb medicine

Prevention and treatment of infectious skin diseases

Experts introduce rest and raise the affected area. Apply 50% magnesium sulfate to the skin, or apply it topically. Systemic application of sulfa drugs or penicillin, and continue to apply for 3-5 days after systemic and local symptoms disappear to prevent recurrence of erysipelas. For erysipelas of the lower extremities, if there is tinea pedis at the same time, tinea pedis should be cured to avoid recurrence of erysipelas. Also prevent contact with sexually transmitted infections.

Guangzhou Air Force Hospital (458 Hospital)

Diagnosis of infectious skin diseases

The diagnosis of infectious skin diseases is mainly based on the characteristics of rashes, such as impetigo in cocci dermatosis, invasion of the hair follicle and its surrounding tissues, that is, hair follicle suppuration, and sexy beams such as folliculitis, scab, and palate. . Viral skin and liver disease often presents clustered blister, with umbilical depressions on the blister, such as herpes simplex, and some are wart-like hyperplasia, such as common warts and flat warts.

Fungal dermatosis, often with well-defined circles, circles and moving edges

Infectious skin disease The rash can take dandruff, pus, crusts and other pathogens, such as fungi, leprosy, gonorrhoeae, demodex, and so on.

Sometimes various laboratory tests are performed, such as low white blood cell counts for viral skin diseases and increased white blood cell counts for purulent skin diseases. OT test for skin tuberculosis. For coccidiosis and histoplasmosis, skin tests and complement binding tests were performed. For some diseases, pathological examinations are performed to check the pathogens and tissue responses to facilitate diagnosis.

Bacterial and fungal skin diseases can be cultured as pathogens to determine the species of bacteria, and can also be tested for drug sensitivity to facilitate treatment. Treatment varies depending on the disease, and corticosteroids should be used with caution to avoid exacerbating the condition and masking symptoms, which may cause misdiagnosis. After the diagnosis is made, medication is used according to the nature of the disease.

Preventive measures for infectious skin diseases

Due to changes in living conditions and health environment, various infectious skin diseases are prone to occur. Therefore, it is necessary to understand relevant scientific knowledge, do a good job of prevention, and reduce the occurrence of these diseases.

1. Secondary wound infection . Because the wound is in direct contact with the external environment, and various pathogenic bacteria in the environment increase skin diseases, it is easy to cause wound infection and purulence. Patients should pay attention to cleaning, avoid wound contamination, topical iodine disinfection, and use antibiotic ointment as appropriate.

2. Various fungal infections . Such as ringworm, tinea corporis, etc. The local environment is humid and the resistance of the body is reduced, which can easily lead to fungal reproduction. It appears as a local pimples, with clear boundaries between the lesions and the surrounding normal skin. At this time, you should try to penetrate airy clothes, footwear, and keep them dry and breathable. Try not to scratch, to prevent secondary infections caused by scratching the skin, and do not cross-use daily necessities. Antifungal can be used topically. If secondary bacterial infections cause psoriasis, antibiotic ointments should be added.

3. Viral skin diseases . Such as chicken pox, shingles, measles, hand, foot and mouth disease. Excessive grief and fatigue

Infectious skin disease Decreased body resistance and malnutrition, as well as dense crowds, may induce these skin diseases. Should pay attention to rest as much as possible to avoid colds and enhance resistance, can take Banlangen granules, antiviral granules or antiviral drugs such as acyclovir. Once patients with chickenpox and measles are found, the Shanghai Dermatology Hospital should be strengthened to avoid transmission.

4. Various bacterial infections . Such as folliculitis, impetigo and so on. Skin lesions are pimples, with pustules on the top, or skin pus on the erythema. Hot flashes and sweating can easily cause this kind of skin disease. Keep the skin clean and dry as much as possible, avoid hot wash and scratching, stay in a cool and ventilated place, and drink plenty of water. Topical antibiotic ointment. In severe cases, antibiotics should be taken orally.

5. Scabies is also called "dry sore". Occurs in crowded dormitories. Clinical manifestations are red pimples the size of sesame. Occurs between the thin skin of the fingers, the lower abdomen and the inner thighs. Itchy. Treatment with insecticides such as sulfur ointment and C. body. At the same time, pay attention to washing clothes and bedding with boiling water. Avoid cross propagation.

Although various skin diseases are prone to psoriasis after the disaster, most of the diseases are easy to treat without panic. As long as it is handled properly, it usually heals quickly.

Precautions for infectious skin diseases

Small trauma is less worn in summer and is prone to trauma, but small trauma must be treated as a major event. Patients should apply 2% iodine to the local area, and 75% alcohol can be used to remove iodine, especially for wounds that have been exuded by bacterial infection. The bandaged sterile gauze should be thin to allow the wound to breathe. Do not cause the anaerobic environment of the wound, otherwise the anaerobic bacteria will multiply and the wound will further ulcerate and worsen. The wound should be disinfected and changed at least once a day.

Bedsores Bedsores should be prevention-oriented, turn over regularly, and avoid long-term compression of local tissues. The redness and swelling of the pressured skin is an early manifestation of bedsores. To relieve local compression immediately, massage gently with your hands, use safflower alcohol massage, and avoid using oil preparations. Once decubitus ulcers appear, in addition to avoiding recompression of the decubitus area, the ulcers must be cleared. The wound should be clear to good and bad tissues. Small wounds can be topically applied with a cotton swab dipped in 2% iodine to remove rot, anti-inflammatory, and dry. Apply a few times a day without bandaging. The infection will soon be controlled and the wound will gradually heal. The large sore surface can be drained on the wound with a suitable gauze dipped in 2% iodine, which can be unbanded.

Ringworm-fungal infections. High blood sugar is also a medium for molds. The most common is beriberi. Not only infections on the toes and toe seams, but also onychomycosis (nail bed mold infection under the nails). There will be mold on the entire skin of the feet. , And even infected the legs and perineum. When washing your feet, if your hands are stained with mold, you will cause mold infections on your hands. If you touch your head again, you will also cause mold infections on your head.

Once you have a mold infection, be sure to pay attention. The first thing to do is to clean the skin. You can wash your hands and feet with soap or iodine (wash with iodine) and infected parts, change socks, and dry shoes regularly to prevent other parts of the infection. Use under the guidance of a doctor to treat mold infection Creams, tinctures, or oral antimycotics