What Can Cause a Cluster of Blisters?

Reproductive infections are common and frequently-occurring diseases. Reproductive Tract Infection (RTI) is caused by a variety of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, mycoplasma, molds, trichomoniasis, etc., and a large class of infectious diseases that mainly cause genital infections Generic term. Classic reproductive infections include nine common diseases of foreskin balanitis, foreskin balanitis, seminal vesiculitis, orchitis, urethritis, epididymitis, damp scrotum, cystitis, urinary tract infection, and pubic lice. The other five types of sexually transmitted diseases are syphilis, gonorrhea, soft chancre, reproductive infective lymphogranuloma, and groin granuloma, also known as first, second, third, fourth, and fifth reproductive infections. The Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases stipulates that AIDS, gonorrhea and syphilis are Class B infectious diseases. There are 8 types of reproductive infections specified in the "Administrative Measures for the Prevention and Control of Reproductive Infections" formulated by the Ministry of Health, namely AIDS, gonorrhea, syphilis, soft chancre, reproductive infection lymphogranuloma, non-gonococcal urethritis, condyloma acuminatum, genital herpes . These 8 diseases are domestically recognized as reproductive infections. Academically, and clinicians generally classify vaginal candidiasis, trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginitis, genital molluscum, reproductive infection granuloma (inguinal lymphogranuloma), pubic lice disease, and cytomegalovirus infection. Into the category of reproductive infections.

Reproductive infection

Reproductive infection: Also called sexually transmitted disease. Is a group of diseases with sexual contact as the main mode of transmission. More than 20 infectious diseases caused by sexual acts or similar sexual acts are included in the category of reproductive infections internationally. The more common reproductive infections include gonorrhea, syphilis, non-gonococcal urethritis, condyloma acuminatum, exoplasma trachomatis, soft chancre, genital herpes, trichomoniasis, hepatitis B and AIDS.

Chinese name

Reproductive infection

Foreign name

Reproductive infection

nickname

Sexually transmitted diseases

Propagation mode

Sexual contact

Overview of reproductive infections

Reproductive infections are common and frequently-occurring diseases. Reproductive Tract Infection (RTI) is caused by a variety of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, mycoplasma, molds, trichomoniasis, etc., and a large class of infectious diseases that mainly cause genital infections Generic term. Classic reproductive infections include nine common diseases of foreskin balanitis, foreskin balanitis, seminal vesiculitis, orchitis, urethritis, epididymitis, damp scrotum, cystitis, urinary tract infection, and pubic lice. The other five types of sexually transmitted diseases are syphilis, gonorrhea, soft chancre, reproductive infective lymphogranuloma, and groin granuloma, also known as first, second, third, fourth, and fifth reproductive infections. The Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases stipulates that AIDS, gonorrhea and syphilis are Class B infectious diseases. There are 8 types of reproductive infections specified in the "Administrative Measures for the Prevention and Control of Reproductive Infections" formulated by the Ministry of Health, namely AIDS, gonorrhea, syphilis, soft chancre, reproductive infection lymphogranuloma, non-gonococcal urethritis, condyloma acuminatum, genital herpes . These 8 diseases are domestically recognized as reproductive infections. Academically, and clinicians generally classify vaginal candidiasis, trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginitis, genital molluscum, reproductive infection granuloma (inguinal lymphogranuloma), pubic lice disease, and cytomegalovirus infection. Into the category of reproductive infections.

Reproductive infection status

Reproductive infections are commonly known as sexually transmitted diseases, sexually transmitted diseases, and as the name suggests are sexually related diseases, but some people mistakenly confuse sexually transmitted diseases with diseases such as sexual dysfunction. Strictly speaking, all diseases that can be transmitted through sexual relations can be called "sexually transmitted diseases." Sexual relationships here include genital intercourse and all other forms of sexual contact. In the past, only syphilis and gonorrhea were common, but venereal lymphogranuloma and soft chancre were rare. It's quite different now, the World Health Organization stipulates that all diseases transmitted through sexual contact are called sexually transmitted diseases. In addition to the above four types, there are AIDS, genital herpes simplex (also known as herpes type II), trichomoniasis urethritis, hepatitis B, non-gonococcal urethritis, condyloma acuminatum, pubic lice, Scabies, vaginal and vulvar Candida infections, Chlamydia trachomatis infection, and a gastrointestinal infection caused by Shigella. According to reports, there are as many as 25 STDs currently circulating in the United States. Some domestic scholars advocate limiting the types of sexually transmitted diseases according to China's specific conditions, such as hepatitis B and trichomoniasis should not be included in sexually transmitted diseases.

Reproductive infection disease hazard

Reproductive infection is one of the most serious and most widespread infectious diseases that endangers humans. It not only endangers personal health, but also affects families, killing offspring, and also harming society.

The damage of reproductive infections to human health is manifold. Infection If reproductive infection is not detected and treated in time, it can not only damage human reproductive organs and cause infertility, but some reproductive infections can also damage important organs such as the heart and brain, and even cause death. Some reproductive infections, such as genital warts and genital herpes, are difficult to cure once they become infected. A considerable number of patients with reproductive infections have mild symptoms or no obvious symptoms, but they can be transmitted to other healthy people through various reproductive infection transmission channels.

The prevalence of reproductive infections also poses serious harm to families. For example, gonorrhea, usually, one of the couples is infected with reproductive infection for some reason, and then transmitted to each other through sexual life between the couples. The children in the family are transmitted through the mother-to-child route or through daily life The family was affected by contact and infection.

The diseases included in reproductive infections do not have a completely uniform standard. It is a dynamic development process. Conceptually, when an infectious disease is mainly transmitted through sexual contact, it is a reproductive infection, but it is limited by the development trend of the disease itself or the actual situation in a certain region or country, such as AIDS. In the 1980s and early 1990s, intravenous injection of drugs using a common syringe was the main method of transmission, but it is still considered a reproductive infection because most countries consider it to be a reproductive infection; diseases such as scabies and hepatitis B, the World Health Organization It is a reproductive infection, and sexual contact is not their main route of transmission in China, so China does not consider it a reproductive infection.

Reproductive infection risk factors

Mainly include: place of consultation, AIDS knowledge score, age, occupation, number of people flow, previous treatment history and young sexual activity, multiple sexual partners, unclean sex, poor lifestyle, no condom during sexual intercourse, etc. An increasing number of studies have shown that vaginal medicinal solution or water washing may destroy the self-cleansing function of the vagina, leading to adverse reproductive health outcomes. Experts recommend using a pH 4 weakly acidic female care solution to maintain the self-cleaning function of the vagina, such as Jiaoyan female care solution. In addition, abuse of antibiotics can cause imbalances in the normal flora of the vagina, and spouses with urogenital infections can cause infections.

Reproductive infection disease classification

The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies reproductive infections into four levels:

Primary reproductive infection: AIDS.

Secondary reproductive infections: syphilis, gonorrhea, soft chancre, reproductive infective lymphogranuloma, groin granuloma, non-gonococcal urethritis, reproductive infectious chlamydia, urogenital mycoplasmosis, trichomoniasis vaginitis, bacterial vagina Inflammation, reproductive infection vaginitis, reproductive infection pelvic inflammatory disease.

Tertiary reproductive infections: Condyloma acuminatum, genital herpes, vulvar candidiasis, molluscum contagiosum, herpes simplex genitalia, gartnerella vaginitis, reproductive infective perihepatitis, Rett's syndrome, group B zoococcus disease , Hepatitis B, scabies, pubic lice, human cytomegalovirus disease.

Class 4 reproductive infections: Piriformis, Campylobacter disease, Amoebiasis, Salmonellosis, Shigella, Hepatitis A.

Reproductive infection transmission

Generally, there are three main routes of transmission of reproductive infections: direct sexual transmission. Indirect contact infection. Placental birth canal infection. According to statistics, more than 90% of reproductive infections are directly transmitted through sexual intercourse. Therefore, the transmission of reproductive infections is mainly through sexual contact.

Common diseases of reproductive infections

Reproductive infection chlamydia

This is a bacterial infection and is currently the most common sexually transmitted disease, but if treated early, it can be cured with antibiotics. 75% of female patients and 25% of male patients do not have symptoms. Symptoms: abnormal excreta, pain in urination, pain in the lower abdomen, or pain during intercourse.

Gonorrhea-This is a bacterial disease that can affect a person's cervix, urethra, rectum, eyes or throat, and often coexists with chlamydia.

Symptoms: Burning or itching when urinating, or you may have no symptoms.

Reproductive infection with human papilloma virus

Also known as HPV or genital warts, it is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. As the name of the disease indicates, it is a virus that, once infected, can last a lifetime. Genital warts can occur in the vulva, vagina, cervix, anus, or even in the throat. Treatments for genital warts include freezing by condensation therapy, treatment with laser therapy, surgical removal or chemotherapy. Although treated, genital warts may recur later, and some of these viruses can cause cervical cancer. Therefore, for women who have already had HPV, a Pap test should be performed at least once a year. For more susceptible infections, more Pap tests should be performed.

Symptoms: Genital warts can occur in the vulva, vagina, cervix, anus, or even in the throat.

Genital herpes

Or herpes type 2 is transmitted through skin contact. Symptoms begin to manifest as itching, itching, or pain in the thighs or hips. In turn, the genitals, buttocks, anus, or other parts of the body can become noticeably ulcerated. These injuries will heal within a few weeks, but for most people the disease will return. Although herpes can not be cured, it can be controlled by taking antiviral drugs, which can reduce the frequency of the outbreak and reduce the disease. But herpes during pregnancy can cause severe syndromes. Genital herpes is one of the reproductive infections caused by herpes simplex virus type I and type II.

Symptoms: It begins to manifest as itching or itching of the genitals, thighs or hips, and pain. In turn, the genitals, buttocks, anus, or other parts of the body can become noticeably ulcerated. These injuries will heal within a few weeks, but for most people the disease will return. Although herpes cannot be cured.

Reproductive infection trichomoniasis

This is an infection caused by a parasite. The symptoms are vaginal discharge, discomfort during intercourse, painful urination, and vaginal stench. Patients, especially men, may suffer from trichomoniasis without knowing it. Because the disease often has no symptoms. Since the disease is caused by parasites, it can be treated with antibiotics. Trichomonas vaginitis is a common gynecological disease. It is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. Trichomonas can be passed directly to the woman through sexual intercourse.

Symptoms: discomfort during sexual intercourse, painful urination, and vaginal malodor.

Reproductive infection syphilis

This is caused by a bacterial infection, which can affect the human heart, eyes, brain, bones and nervous system. The initial symptoms of syphilis are painless ulcers in the genitals, which usually begin 10 to 3 months after infection. Syphilis is a chronic sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum, or Treponema pallidum. Can invade the skin, mucous membranes and many other tissues and organs.

Symptoms: Painless ulcers appear in the genitals, usually starting 10 to 3 months after infection.

Reproductive infections vaginitis

It is caused by pathogenic microorganisms (including gonorrhea, mold, trichomonas, candida and other microorganisms) infection caused by vaginal inflammation. Vaginitis varies according to age and source of infection, including vulvitis, infantile vaginitis, senile vaginitis, atrophic vaginitis, gartnerella vaginitis, menstrual vaginitis, honeymoon vaginitis, and purulent vagina Inflammation, simple vaginitis, trichomonas vaginosis, fungal vaginitis, soft chancre vaginitis. Vaginitis is the most common inflammation of the female reproductive organs and can occur at all ages. There are many ways to treat gynecological inflammation, which can be treated with Jiaoyan gel disinfectant. Symptoms: Various types of vaginitis have symptoms of increased vaginal discharge, frequent urination, urgency, and dysuria. The vulva has different degrees of itching, burning, or pain, and fever may be associated with the acute phase. Different types of vaginitis have different characteristics, which can be used as a basis for identification. 1. Trichomonas vaginitis leucorrhea is grayish yellow, dirty, foamy, stinky, sometimes milky white or yellow-white thin liquid, sometimes yellow-green purulent leucorrhea. 2. Fungal vaginitis leucorrhea is watery or curd-like, ointment-like, or has white flakes, crumbs, and tofu residue. 3. Leucorrhea of gonorrhea vaginitis was purulent. 4. The leucorrhea of senile vaginitis is yellow water-like. When the infection is severe, the secretions can be purulent and have a bad smell, with a little bleeding.

Reproductive infection vulvitis

Vulvitis is inflammatory lesions that occur on the skin or mucous membranes of the vulva, such as redness, swelling, pain, itching, and erosion. The vulva will produce various diseases due to various bacterial infections, such as vulvar leukoplakia and itching of the vulva. Therefore, it is very necessary to pay attention to the hygiene of the vulva. Daily private part care should use pH4 weakly acidic female care solution to maintain the self-cleaning function of the vagina, such as Jiaoyan female care solution. Vulvitis includes simple vulvitis, fungal vulvitis, infant vulvitis, and vulvitis caused by trichomoniasis. Symptoms: When inflammation of the vulva occurs, whatever the cause, the patient mainly presents symptoms such as itching of the vulva, redness and swelling of the vulva, and burning pain. When the pH of the vaginal secretion changes or a special pathogen invades, it can cause an inflammatory response. There is also honeymoon acute vaginitis. Most young people have just married and had sex too frequently. The swelling and pain caused by friction cause simple treatment and rapid recovery.

Reproductive infection pelvic inflammatory disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease is a common gynecological disease. The pelvic area refers to the uterus, the fallopian tubes and ovaries on both sides, and the supporting tissues that support these organs. The cause is usually caused by pathogens that have infected the internal reproductive organs. Healthy women rely on their natural defense mechanism to cleanse daily with a pH 4 weakly acidic female care solution. This disease rarely occurs under normal circumstances.

Reproductive infection

As a common disease, it is more common in women. The most common pathogenic bacteria are Escherichia coli, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus. In most cases, symptoms of urinary tract irritation are obvious, with or without sterile urine. The number of white blood cells in the urine sediment was> 5 per high power field.

Reproductive infections appendicitis

Attachment inflammation is the fallopian tube ovary in the female reproductive organs. It is called uterine appendage. Attachment inflammation refers to inflammation of the fallopian tube and ovary. But tubal ovaryitis is often combined with parauterine connective tissue inflammation. Pelvic peritonitis and it is not easy to distinguish such pelvic peritonitis. Connective tissue inflammation is also included in the scope of appendicitis. In the inflammation of pelvic organs, salpingitis is the most common. Due to the close relationship between anatomical parts, salpingitis, ovarian inflammation, and pelvic peritonitis coexist and interact!

Reproductive infection cervicitis

Cervicitis is divided into acute and chronic. Clinically, chronic cervicitis is more common. Mainly manifested as increased vaginal discharge, viscous mucus or purulent mucus, sometimes accompanied by bloodshot or bloodshot. Many harmful bacteria invade the vagina at the mucous membranes and wrinkles on the side of the vagina. This is a slight infection. Generally, the female vagina is washed with a female care solution to maintain the vaginal self-cleaning function. Causes cervicitis. At this time, the problem cannot be solved by the self-cleaning function of the vagina. To use lotion, it is best to penetrate the vaginal fornix and the cervix. The length of the catheter is based on the physiological characteristics of the female, which can significantly improve the inflammation of the fornix. The patented eight-hole nozzle used by Jiaoyan Jieyin lotion can penetrate deep into the vaginal fornix and cervix. It is difficult for general products to reach this part, so it is easy to cause recurrence of gynecological inflammation.

Reproductive infection endometritis

Endometritis is inflammation of the endometrium. According to the duration of the disease, it can be divided into two types: acute endometritis and chronic endometritis. After the occurrence of endometritis, edema and exudation often occur in the entire uterine cavity. The acute phase can also cause systemic symptoms such as fever, chills, increased white blood cells, lower abdominal pain, increased leucorrhea, sometimes bloody or foul, and sometimes the uterus is slightly larger There is tenderness in the uterus. The performance of chronic patients is basically the same, but also may have more menstruation, lower abdominal pain and lumbosacral swelling.

Reproductive infection symptoms

Reproductive infections

Syphilis: 2 to 3 weeks; Gonorrhea: 2 to 10 days; Nongonococcal urethritis: 1 to 3 weeks; Condyloma acuminatum: 3 weeks to 8 months, with an average of 3 months; Genital herpes: 2 to 20 days, with an average of 6 Days; reproductive infectious lymphogranuloma: 6 to 21 days, with an average of 7 to 10 days.

After this incubation period, if there are some uncomfortable symptoms, such as:

Genital ulcer is the typical appearance of primary syphilis. The diameter of ulcers is generally about one centimeter. Men mostly occur in the coronal groove of the penis, and women mostly occur in the labia majora, labia minora, or cervix. Because there is no obvious pus on the surface of the ulcer, the patient himself does not feel pain and is often overlooked. He does not go to the hospital until a secondary syphilis rash appears.

Warts appearing in the vulva may be infected with condyloma acuminatum. Patients with genital warts generally do not feel uncomfortable, neither causing pain or discomfort in the urine, nor ulcers in the vulva. It happened quietly and gradually increased until one day the patient intentionally or inadvertently noticed a small wart on the vulva. Condyloma acuminatum is more common in the coronary sulcus, penis, and foreskin, and more common in the labia majora and labia minora, but it can also occur in other parts of the genitourinary organs, such as the urethral orifice and cervix.

Small blisters appearing in the vulva may be infected with genital herpes. It is characterized by a small pile of about 4 to 5 small blisters in the vulva, with a burning or tingling sensation locally. These small blisters soon burst into small pieces of erosion. The general symptoms of genital herpes are very light. Even if the erosive surface can grow after 7 to 10 days without treatment, it is very easy to relapse, which brings great psychological pressure to the patient.

If purulent secretions appear in the urethra, suspect infection with gonorrhea.

Reproductive infection symptoms of each disease

Syphilis: Reproductive infection caused by Treponema pallidum infection. The course of the disease is very long, and the symptoms are hidden from time to time. Its natural process is divided into three stages. In the first stage, the human body does not feel, and the virus invades the site with erythema, pimples, and ulcers. These symptoms can "heal" over time. In the second stage, the virus multiplies in the blood, and it appears on the skin and mucous membranes similar to rose psoriasis, psoriasis, acne erythema, blood rash, maculopapular rash and so on. Only then does the patient feel and go to the doctor. If there is no treatment at this time, it will enter the third stage, and if not treated in time, it will be life-threatening.

Treatment: Penicillin treatment, sufficient dose and course of treatment.

Gonorrhea: It is one of the most reproductive infections in the world. Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, more common in men than women. After men have gonorrhea, the main symptoms are urethritis, urethral swelling, pus, tingling, and burning sensation. Difficulty urinating and frequent urination. If left untreated, it can turn into chronic urethritis. Female patients with gonorrhea present with cervicitis, purulent discharge from the vaginal opening, vaginal swelling, congestion, and tingling sensations. Other symptoms are not obvious.

Treatment: Penicillin treatment, treatment course and dose are sufficient.

Non-gonococcal urethritis: a reproductive infection caused mainly by chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasma. The symptoms are similar to gonorrhea, but no gonorrhoeae is detected in the secretion and penicillin treatment is not effective. Generally, antibiotics such as tetracycline and erythromycin that are effective for chlamydia and mycoplasma are used.

Genital herpes: A reproductive infection caused by herpes simplex virus type II. Very contagious. Main symptoms: blisters and ulcers appear in the genital area, accompanied by pain, and symptoms such as general fever, myalgia, and headache will continue to develop. Women with genital herpes are at high risk for cervical cancer. If it is a pregnant woman, it can be easily transmitted to the newborn and can cause 60% -70% of newborn deaths.

Condyloma acuminatum: caused by papilloma virus, cauliflower-like growths appear on the genital area, which can rupture, run off and infection, and develop to the anal area, the patient is very painful.

Treatment: drug treatment; cryotherapy; electrocautery treatment; laser treatment; surgical resection.

Symptoms of AIDS: Many people infected with HIV do not have any conscious symptoms during the incubation period, but there are also some people who can appear non-specific in the early stages of infection (the beginning of viral replication, 2 to 4 weeks after infection, 5 to 3 months) Acute HIV infection syndrome, manifesting like mononucleosis: fever, night sweats, dizziness, weakness, sore throat, malaise, myalgia, headache, joint pain, trunk papules, diarrhea, lymphadenopathy (mainly involving the axillae, pillow Lymph nodes in the neck and neck can also cause systemic lymphadenopathy, which can persist for months or even years) and other symptoms like "cold", and some people can also develop diarrhea. The symptoms usually go away after 1-2 weeks, after which the patient transitions to an asymptomatic incubation period.

Female symptoms of reproductive infection

1. Clinical symptoms are not obvious.

This situation is often encountered in reproductive infection clinics. After making a diagnosis of gonorrhea or non-gonococcal urethritis in a male patient, the doctor tells the patient to bring a spouse or sexual partner for examination and treatment. Patients often report that their spouse or sexual partner is asymptomatic and does not require testing. As everyone knows, due to the differences in physiological anatomy and reproductive physiology, women who are infected with reproductive infections often have asymptomatic infections or mild symptoms, which are not easy for patients to detect, and they can easily become carriers or sources of infection. For example, after men have gonorrhea, the symptoms are obvious, urinary pain often occurs, and a large amount of yellow purulent secretions flow out of the urethra. After a woman has gonorrhea, half of the patients do not show any symptoms, and some of them show an increase in leucorrhea and a yellow color, but the patient may not realize that it is abnormal. Another example is genital herpes. Painful blisters that occur in the external genital area of men are easily detectable by patients, while women can occur in the cervical mucosa, showing cervical erosion and mucopurulent discharge, but there is no rash on the vulva and no obvious clinical symptoms .

2. Difficult diagnosis.

After a woman has a reproductive infection, the lack of clinical symptoms or lack of specificity is one of the reasons for the difficulty in diagnosing female reproductive infections. For example, different reproductive infections in women can manifest as increased vaginal discharge or leucorrhea, which is difficult to identify clinically as a disease. Secondly, the clinical examination of female reproductive infections is also more difficult than that of males. Male external genitals are easily exposed, and direct examination is sufficient. For women, internal examination is required with the help of a dilator to observe vaginal and cervical lesions. Condyloma acuminatum, which occurs in the vagina or cervix, is easily missed if the lesion is small or concealed. In addition, laboratory tests differ in sensitivity and specificity between men and women. For example, the secretion smear of Gram staining has a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 95% to 99% for male gonorrhea. If a smear shows a typical gram-negative diplococcus in polymorphonuclear cells, that is, Can be diagnosed as gonorrhea. However, in women, the sensitivity of the Gram stain test for secretion smears is only about 50%, which means that smear tests are used to diagnose gonorrhea in women, and half of the patients will miss the diagnosis. Therefore, the diagnosis of gonorrhea in women requires bacterial culture of secretions.

3. High risk of complications.

Female reproductive infections occur mainly in sexually active women of childbearing age, and are closely related to sexual activity and pregnancy, and can coexist with multiple diseases. The cervix is a site susceptible to a variety of sexually transmitted disease pathogens. If the infection of the cervix is not treated promptly or improperly, the pathogen can be infected, causing various complications and sequelae, such as pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID), infertility And ectopic pregnancy. Therefore, the treatment of female reproductive infections should be timely and regular, and the medication should be sufficient.

4. Prone to reproductive complications.

If a woman has sexually transmitted diseases during pregnancy, it not only affects the health of the pregnant woman, but also the health of the fetus and the newborn. For example, syphilis during pregnancy can be transmitted through the placenta, causing fetal abortion, stillbirth, or congenital syphilis in the newborn. Newborns can become infected with gonorrhea ophthalmitis as they pass through the birth canal of a mother with gonorrhea. The proportion of pregnant women with gonorrhea, chlamydia trachomatis infection, primary genital herpes and trichomoniasis is 10% to 35%. Therefore, necessary counselling and guidance should be given to pregnant women with reproductive infections or women who are planning to have children. For example, women with syphilis should be followed up for 2 to 3 years after formal treatment, and they should have children only after they are completely cured.

Male symptoms of reproductive infection

Early symptoms

Focus on men's health

There are some common early symptoms in the early stages of male reproductive infections. If they can be found in time, it will greatly help the treatment.

Men, especially those who are often outside or have had unclean sexual contact, should be alert to the possibility of sexually transmitted diseases. Reproductive infections due to the manifestations of various reproductive infections will vary. The experts from the Yellow River Reproductive Infection Institute introduce some common Male reproductive infection symptoms:

I. Damage to the skin or mucous membrane: if the external genitalia such as the foreskin, penis, or glans of the glans, or the anus, hands, eyelids, lips, tongue, throat, etc., erythema, papules, sclerosis, blisters, erosions and ulcers Symptoms, you may have a reproductive infection. Such as: painful ulcers may be soft chancre, single painless ulcers may be one stage syphilis hard chancre; painful or clustered blisters may be genital herpes; itching, redness, erosion, milky white cheese-like secretions It may be coccidiosis; painless papillary and cauliflower-like verrucous may be condyloma acuminata; waxy umbilical concave papules are mostly molluscum contagiosum; itching, gray-black nodules on pubic hair, and Seeing moving lice is pubic lice.

2. Symptoms of the urinary tract: if there is a slight heat sensation in the anterior urethra, abnormal secretions flow out of the urethra, or symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, dysuria, difficulty urinating, urinary occlusion, and terminal hematuria may also occur. Suffering from a reproductive infection. For example, a large amount of thick purulent discharge may be gonorrhea at the mouth of the urethra; only white thin mucus may be non-gonococcal urethritis; there is only a small amount of discharge in the morning or after urination, and even a small amount of gray-white mucus or squeezing is seen when the urethra is squeezed Those with purulent discharge may be prostatitis; frequent urination, urgency, severe pain during urination, and a burning sensation in the urethra, and even abnormal or persistent erectile penis may be acute gonorrhea; urinary tract has inflammatory adhesions and urinary flow A fork like a fountain may be subacute gonorrhea.

Third, inguinal lymphadenopathy: if the lymph nodes are soft and painful, it may be a soft chancres diaphragm; those who are harder and milder may be reproductive infection lymphogranuloma; those who are hard and painless may be syphilis; persistent lymphadenopathy of the whole body may be Chronic Lymph Node Syndrome of AIDS.

In addition, anorectal pain, inflammation, constipation, rectal secretions, severe aftermath and fever may be reproductive infections or genital herpes.

Reproductive infections

Reproductive infection gynecological diseases start from vaginal discharge

Smear the vaginal secretions, observe under a microscope, and determine the cleanliness of the vagina according to the number of vaginal bacteria, white blood cells (WBC) and miscellaneous bacteria, divided into 4 degrees: degree: there are a large number of vaginal bacteria and epithelial cells, no miscellaneous bacteria White blood cells, clean field of vision, is a normal secretion. degree: the amount of vaginal bacilli and epithelial cells, a small amount of white blood cells and miscellaneous bacteria, still belong to normal vaginal secretions. degree: a little vaginal bacillus and squamous epithelium, more bacteria and leukocytes, suggesting milder vaginal inflammation. degree: no vaginal bacilli, only a few epithelial cells, a large number of white blood cells and miscellaneous bacteria. Prompt relatively severe vaginal inflammation, such as fungal vaginitis, trichomonas vaginitis.

b Reproductive infection gynecological B-ultrasound

Gynecological b-ultrasound examination item 1: Congenital abnormalities of reproductive organs, such as congenital absence of uterus, various types of uterine malformations (double uterus, double vagina, double horn uterus, residual horn uterus, mediastinal uterus), abnormal hymen development (occlusion, Blood) and ectopic kidney (pelvic kidney). Gynecological b-ultrasound examination item 2: Endometriosis (adenomyosis, ovarian chocolate cyst). Gynecological b-ultrasound examination item 3: Endometrial cavity lesions, such as incomplete abortion, abnormal development of pregnant eggs or retained abortion, hydatidiform mole, endometrial proliferation, polyps, uterine adenocarcinoma, etc. Gynecological b-ultrasound examination item 4: Intrauterine contraceptive device: understand its position, deformation, incarceration, perforation, travel or pregnancy with a ring. Gynecological b-ultrasound examination item 5: Cervical lesions: such as cervical hypertrophy, Nessler's cyst, polyps. Gynecological b-ultrasound examination item 6: Pelvic genital inflammation: such as empyema and hydrosalpinx. Gynecological b-ultrasound examination item 7: seen after hysterectomy. Gynecological b-ultrasound examination item 8: Gynecological non-neoplastic tumors: such as follicular cysts, corpus luteum cysts, luteinized cysts, polycystic ovary, ovarian hematoma, ovarian crown cyst. Gynecological b-ultrasound examination item 9: Gynecological tumors: Benign: such as uterine fibroids and various types of ovarian cysts. Malignant: such as uterine adenocarcinoma, choriocarcinoma, primary or secondary ovarian cancer.

Reproductive infection cervical smear

Use a special wooden board to turn around the cervix, scrape the secretions at the junction of the scales as smears, and use Papanicolaou (Pasteur) staining or hematoxylin-eosin staining to find tumor cells. Now it has become A routine examination at a gynecological clinic.

Reproductive infection cytology egg work test

Take a scraper on the 1/3 of the vaginal wall, gently scrape a little secretion for smear, Shaw's staining, and perform cytological examination. Calculate the percentage of bottom / middle / superficial epithelial cells (also known as maturity index). The appearance of dense nuclear surface cells in the smear indicates the effect of estrogen. Those without surface cells and predominantly low-level cells are considered to have low ovarian function.

Reproductive infection cervical mucus examination

Including cervical mucus consistency and stringiness (high estrogen during ovulation, cervical mucus is egg white-like, elasticity increased, mucus string length can reach 10cm, under the action of progesterone, cervical mucus becomes turbid, thick, and stringiness is reduced to 1 2cm), type of mucus crystals (Take cervical mucus on glass slides and observe under a low magnification microscope. Sheep-shaped crystals are formed under the influence of estrogen. After ovulation, the crystals are shaped into ellipsoids under the influence of progesterone. Observe the changes before and after , Can be detected with or without ovulation).

Reproductive infection pregnancy test

The villous gonadotropin (hCG) secreted by the embryo trophoblast is excreted from the urine after entering the mother's blood, and the hCG content in the urine and urine is measured to diagnose pregnancy and pregnancy-related diseases such as abortion, ectopic pregnancy, and nourishing leaf disease.

Posterior fornix puncture

If there is suspected effusion (blood or pus) in the abdominal cavity, you can puncture directly from the posterior fornix of the vagina, and aspirate the liquid accumulated in the pelvic cavity for examination. This method is convenient and easy to implement, and it is a common emergency diagnosis method for ectopic pregnancy.

(BBT) Basal body temperature (BBT) measurement of reproductive infections

Basal body temperature refers to the body temperature measured after a long period of sleep (6-8 hours) and before any activity has been performed after waking. To test the table for 10 minutes. Under normal circumstances, the basal body temperature of women of childbearing age increases slightly after ovulation (because progesterone can stimulate the body temperature center), which is 0.3 to 0.5 ° C higher than the follicular phase, and decreases to 1 to 2 days before menstruation or the first day of menstruation. . In normal menstrual cycle, the daily basal body temperature connection is biphasic, the high temperature phase lasts for more than 10 days, and the difference between low temperature and high temperature is> 0.3 ; if the high temperature phase is <10 days, the average temperature difference is <0.3 , it should be considered as corpus luteum insufficiency ; If single-phase type is anovulation. Basal body temperature is a simple and convenient method commonly used in gynecology. It is mainly used to understand the status of ovulation and luteal function. It can be used to diagnose and understand the effects of amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, infertility, etc., and can also help safe contraception.

Reproductive infection treatment principles

1) The nature of the infection must be clarified: once the symptoms of urinary tract infection occur clinically, it must be clear whether it is bacterial. The type of bacteria and so on is best to be cultured and susceptible, and then to the type of bacteria. However, it is often the case that the bacterial test has not been obtained in the clinic and the medication has been given, let alone the culture results. This lacks goals in treatment and is likely to cause blindness.

2) It is necessary to distinguish between lower urinary tract infection and upper urinary tract infection. The former has a poor prognosis and is prone to relapse; the latter has a good prognosis and rarely recurs.

3) Hematogenous infections and ascending infections: Hematological and ascending infections are treated differently. Hematogenous infections have a sharp onset, high fever and chills, and obvious systemic symptoms. Drugs with high blood concentrations or intravenous administration are used. Ascending infections are mainly caused by bladder irritation. Drugs with high urine concentrations and antispasmodics are used. Need to be administered intravenously.

4) It is necessary to find out whether there is obstruction in the urinary system: because urinary system obstruction is the direct cause of infection, and if there is obstruction after infection, it is not easy to cure, it is easy to produce resistant strains, and it is easy to relapse.

5) The presence or absence of predisposing factors for urinary tract infections must be clarified.

6) Variation of urine pH: When a urinary tract infection occurs, the pH of the urine should be measured before treatment. If it is acidic, it means that the pathogenic bacteria adapt to the acidic environment. It is appropriate to use alkaline drugs, such as sodium bicarbonate and disodium monohydrogenate, to make the urine alkaline to inhibit the growth of the bacteria, and use suitable antibacterial agents. drug. The reverse is also true, that is, if the urine is alkaline, acid drugs should be used, such as sodium dihydrogenate, ammonium chloride plus urotropine, vitamin C, etc. and antibiotics adapted to acidity.

7) Treatment must be thorough to prevent conversion to chronic acute urinary tract infections. Often due to improper treatment, including medication and dosage, drug-resistant strains become chronic, often causing difficulties in treatment. When symptoms of urinary tract infections occur, after proper treatment, the symptoms ease after 24 to 48 hours. It is generally best to maintain the original dose for 7 days. If there is a cause of infection, urinary tract obstruction, etc., the medication must be prolonged and the maintenance dose should be used for 2 to 6 weeks to prevent the disease from becoming chronic.

Knowledge of reproductive infections

1. Quit alcohol: Drinking is a taboo for patients with reproductive infections. Drinking alcohol can weaken the body's resistance, promote inflammation and spread, leading to chronic reproductive infections or causing complications such as prostatitis and epididymitis. Drinking alcohol is also an important cause of recurrence of reproductive infections.

2. Taboo: After suffering from reproductive infections, it is not advisable to eat spicy and irritating foods, such as pepper, ginger, and drinking strong tea and espresso. Stimulant foods can cause tissue congestion and aggravate inflammatory responses. In addition, beef, sheep, dogs, and roosters are not suitable for eating.

3. Cleansing: After suffering from reproductive infections, you should maintain a calm mind and avoid anger or worry. People's emotions have a lot to do with diseases and physical immunity. When the mood is not good, the human body's immunity decreases, and they are susceptible to infectious diseases or aggravate existing diseases.

4. Wisdom desire: When reproductive infection is not cured, sexual life should be prohibited. Sexual life can cause mechanical damage to the urethra and aggravate the condition. Reproductive infections are highly contagious. Sexual life can lead to the spread of reproductive infections and endanger the health of others.

5. Nutrition: Patients with chronic reproductive infection should pay attention to supplementary nutrition. Milk, eggs, fish, pork, and soy products are rich in protein and other nutrients, which can help tissue repair, strengthen the body's immunity, and promote recovery. In addition, we must also pay attention to vitamins and trace elements. When suffering from acute reproductive infection, vitamin C can be taken, because vitamin C can enhance immunity and anti-inflammatory.

6. Rest: After suffering from reproductive infection, you should pay attention to rest. Avoid overwork. Excessive exhaustion leads to recurrence of reproductive infection or recurrence, which is common in clinical practice. Patients with acute gonorrhea, non-gonorrhea, prostatitis, epididymitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease should all rest in bed. For patients with chronic reproductive infection, do not stay up all night, work or play all night long, otherwise it will seriously affect the treatment effect and make the disease prolonged.

7. Prevention of disease: A phenomenon often seen in life. When a patient has a high fever, a string of blisters often appears on the lips. In fact, this is a herpes simplex virus that lurks in the body. When the illness causes the body's immunity to decline, it comes out. As a result of the turmoil, illness can weaken the body's immunity, leading to recurrence of the original reproductive infection or aggravation of the disease. Genital herpes, genital warts, etc., are prone to relapse under the stimulation of systemic or local inflammation; diseases such as diabetes and AIDS will aggravate the original reproductive infection. Repeated infections of reproductive infections push the reproductive infections to the brink of dying. Therefore, after suffering from reproductive infections, attention should be paid to preventing disease and actively treating other diseases in the body, and special attention should be paid to avoid re-infection.

Reproductive infection psychological construction

The so-called "reproductive infection phobia" is a neurosis in patients with reproductive infection or other people who have fear of reproductive infection. According to statistics, 50% -80% of patients with reproductive infections have this disease, and about 20% of them have more obvious symptoms.

People with reproductive infection phobia are very afraid of reproductive infections and often wonder if they have a reproductive infection. Some had no history of sexual contact, no suspicious symptoms of reproductive infections, positive signs, and laboratory evidence, but they were still alive. Some people have a history of uncleanness, and after reproductive infections have been ruled out after physical examination or laboratory tests, or they have been cured despite reproductive infections, they still have doubts about their sinuses; those who suspect doctors have low medical skills, and those who believe that the tests are inaccurate, so Keep changing doctors and hospitals just in case. Most patients have increased selective attention. They both pay close attention to external information about reproductive infections, including going to bookstores, browsing websites, and collecting information on newspapers and periodicals. They are also highly sensitive to minor changes and discomfort in their own organs, and will take the initiative to "seat the number." ", A self-taught" reproductive infection expert. " Some complained that their medical history was like several treasures, and repeatedly emphasized the details that they thought were related to reproductive infections to remind the doctors; some repeatedly questioned from all angles, and were still dubious despite explanations; and some were stubborn and always required a "full inspection"; Some people "unconnect" the discomfort of other parts of the body with reproductive infections; others suspect that their family members have been infected with reproductive infections (actually nothing), so they regret and feel anguish.

These patients are more afraid, depressed, and even anxious, and often report dizziness, headache, insomnia, dreams, palpitations, appetite, tinnitus, and so on. I often feel poor urination, urethral mouth discomfort, lower abdomen swelling, back or back pain, and some symptoms such as impotence, premature ejaculation, decreased libido, menstrual disorders, fatigue and weakness. A small number of patients also showed signs of autonomic dysfunction when they saw the doctor, such as increased pulse, arrhythmia, facial flushing, sweating, and trembling hands. However, the most critical external genital and systemic examinations did not show any positive signs of reproductive infections, and laboratory tests on reproductive infections were not found abnormally.

As the saying goes, "Heart disease requires heart medicine." The most important thing for patients like this is psychological treatment. The doctor should explain the basic knowledge of reproductive infection to the patient, explain it to be logical, the conclusion must be clear, the explanation should be simple and easy to understand. If necessary, relevant clinical and laboratory tests can be repeated to completely eliminate their doubts. For the patient's conscious certain symptoms, appropriate symptomatic treatment can be appropriate; such as insomnia can be sedative, loss of appetite can be used to help stomach digestion drugs. If the above treatments still do not work after 3 months or seriously affect the work and life within 3 months, you should see a psychologist and take relevant drugs.

How to prevent reproductive infections

(1) For daily private care, use a weakly acidic pH 4 female care solution to maintain the self-cleaning function of the vagina.

(2) Be careful, the more people engage in unprotected sex, the more likely you are to get a reproductive infection.

(3) When engaging in vaginal, anal or oral sex, condoms and spermicides should be used from beginning to end. Remember the principle: every time you have sex, engage in safer sex.

(4) Pay attention to symptoms at any time. If there are any unusual secretions, wounds, pustules, wounds, lumps, itching or pain in the penis, vagina or anus, on or around it, or if you have sex with someone who is thought to have a reproductive infection Please go to the doctor for an examination. If there is any doubt, it is always wise to do the inspection. At the same time, stop sexual activity first.

(5) See your doctor promptly if you have symptoms, otherwise the infection will worsen and it may have been transmitted to another person. It is impossible to know how many the illnesses are. Some symptoms of life-threatening infections may be like mild infections. Only a doctor can determine what is the diagnosis. There are many hospitals that can perform inspections and tests in a completely secretive manner. Except for someone who has sex with him, no one else will know that you have a reproductive infection. Please check the phone book or ask your city or national health department to see where to do secret tests and treatments.

(6) If you are sexually active, do regular medical examinations. As you may get a reproductive infection and never experience any symptoms, don't wait until you notice a problem before checking. Plan to have at least one or two tests a year to make sure you are not infected. Women should have breast and pelvic examinations every year. Do not rinse the vagina, engage in sexual activity, or use any vaginal medical method before performing a pelvic examination, as it will make it more difficult for doctors to check for vaginal discharge that can show infection. If the test results indicate a reproductive infection, please inform your partner so that he or she will also be treated so that they don't repeat the infection each other.

(7) Please be frank and explain the situation to the doctor. Find a doctor or other health care worker who feels comfortable and then be completely frank with the person who is checking. Tell your doctor if you have any symptoms, if you have sex with more than one person, if you have vaginal, anal or oral sex, if you are injecting drugs, or if you think you are pregnant. Many symptoms of reproductive infections may be mistaken for other diseases, and without all the information from your doctor, you may not get the right treatment. Remember: The doctor is not trying to judge, but treating, so don't tell the truth because of embarrassment. If a doctor really feels awkward, choose another doctor.