What Does the Presence of Red Blood Cells in Urine Indicate?
Urinary erythrocytes are red blood cells that appear in the urine and are a disease caused by blood entering the urine due to bleeding from the urinary system, such as the kidneys, bladder or ureters.
Basic Information
- Chinese name
- Urinary red blood cells
- Basic definition
- Red blood cells appearing in urine
- normal range
- Occult urinary blood will show positive (+), etc.
- Clinical significance
- Malformed red blood cell standard
- Clinical significance
- Uniform red blood cell standard
- Clinical significance
- Mixed red blood cell standards, etc.
Basic definition of urine red blood cells
- This type of urine sample is also called hematuria, and is divided into gross hematuria and microscopic hematuria. The naked eye hematuria can be seen as bloody urine. when
- Urinary red blood cells
Normal range of urinary red blood cells
- <3 per high-power field of view. In addition: when urinary red blood cells> 10, occult urinary blood will show positive (+).
Clinical significance of urinary red blood cells
- Common causes of hematuria include acute glomerulonephritis, chronic nephritis, acute pyelonephritis, and urinary stones. Tuberculosis, tumors, trauma, etc. If there is a large amount of hematuria alone, the stone is the most likely.
- Malformed red blood cell standard
- Birech reports that the malformed red blood cells have different red blood cell sizes and morphological abnormalities, and are classified into the following seven types [6]: Yeast-like red blood cells: vesicles are prominent on the outer membrane of red blood cells or the cells are mold-like spore-like changes. Fried bread roll-like red blood cells: The red blood cell membrane has obvious inner and outer circles, and the surrounding is thick and looks like a fried bread roll. ancient money-like red blood cells: similar to ancient Chinese coins. Membrane defect red blood cells: The red blood cell membrane is incomplete, and some hemoglobin (Hb) is lost. Large red blood cells: the cell body is enlarged, the center is light, and there is no double disc depression. Small red blood cells: small cell body, thickened outer membrane, and enhanced refractive index. Bracelet-like red blood cells: The cell body is larger, showing obvious changes in the inner and outer membranes.
- Huang Fengxian et al. On the classification of malformed red blood cells donut-like red blood cells. Ancient money-like red blood cells. The red blood cell membrane was granular and bead-like. The size of red blood cells varies, the larger one is 1-2 times the normal, the smaller one is 1/2, the color becomes lighter. Residual red blood cells. spore-like red blood cells. Sacral spinous red blood cells. Other shapes, such as cell membrane rupture into various shapes, horseshoe shape, crescent shape, etc. Others, such as red blood cells that are sawtooth, contracted, and uniform in size, are called uniform types.
- 2. Uniform red blood cell standard
- The size of red blood cells is the same, and the changes are uniform. There are two types of pictures, most of which are normal and mulberry-like red blood cells, and shadow red blood cells may appear in some. This type is mostly non-glomerular hematuria.
- 3. Mixed red blood cell standard
- According to the proportion of malformed and homogeneous red blood cells, it can be divided into mixed red blood cell hematuria (malformed red blood cells> 50%) and malformed red blood cell hematuria (homogeneous red blood cells> 50) %) Both.
- 4. Decision boundaries
- Malformed red blood cells account for more than 80% of glomerular hematuria; malformed red blood cells <20%, homogeneous red blood cells> 80% are non-glomerular hematuria; malformed red blood cells> 20%, <80%, are mixed hematuria.
- 5. Morphological changes of deformed red blood cells and glomerular hematuria
- There are 7-8 types of deformed red blood cells. Most of the glomerular hematuria are malformed red blood cells, accounting for more than 80%; most of the non-glomerular hematuria are homogeneous red blood cells, accounting for more than 80%; and a mixture mainly of deformed red blood cells (> 50%) Type and mixed type with uniform red blood cells (> 50%). The above abnormal red blood cells, homogeneous red blood cells and mixed red blood cells type 3 have tendencies, and there is no reversible. Of course, it is more objective in combination with clinical symptoms observation.
- Formation of malformed red blood cells: It is generally believed that red blood cells are damaged when passing through the basement membrane of the glomerulus and squeezed and deformed when leaking through the glomerular capillary wall, and are also related to urine osmotic pressure, pH and other factors. Therefore, in addition to the changes in the shape of the red blood cells from the kidney, the volume of the red blood cells has significant differences. Microscopic observation to examine the changes of morphology of red blood cells in urine is of certain value and clinical significance for the diagnosis of hematuria and differential diagnosis of glomerular diseases. The appearance of spine-shaped and target-shaped red blood cells has more clinical diagnostic value.