What Is a Chondroma?
Chondroma is a common benign bone tumor. Endogenous (medullary cavity) chondroma is the most common chondroma that occurs in the medullary cavity. Subchondral (pericortical) chondroma is rare. Chondroma with multiple hemangiomas is called Maffuci syndrome. Chondroma is common and rare, and has the characteristics of symmetrical growth. At the same time, it is associated with limb developmental malformations, also known as endogenous chondromatosis; those that occur on one limb are also known as Olier's disease. Chondroma located in the pelvis, sternum, ribs, long bones of the extremities, or vertebrae is malignant; chondroma that occurs in the digit (toe) bone is rarely malignant.
- English name
- chondroma
- Visiting department
- orthopedics
- Multiple groups
- teens
- Common locations
- Long tubular bones of hands and feet
- Common causes
- May be related to bone damage, chronic infection, etc.
- Common symptoms
- No obvious symptoms in the early stage, the affected area gradually swells locally
Basic Information
Etiology of chondroma
- The etiology of chondroma is unknown until now, and may be related to bone damage, chronic infection, radiation stimulation, genetics, and translocation of the direction of bone development.
Clinical manifestations of chondroma
- Chondroma is more common in adolescents, with slow onset, no obvious symptoms at an early stage, and gradually swelled locally, especially the (toe), which can be deformed and accompanied by soreness.
- The clinical features of chondroma are:
- 1. Long tubular bones of the hands and feet are common, and flat bones, such as the scapula or sacrum, can also occur.
- 2. Swelling of the affected area, minor trauma can cause pathological fracture.
- 3. X-ray examination showed that the single endogenous chondroma was an oval transparent dark area, with neat edges, thinned bones, and scattered gravel-like calcified spots inside the tumor; multiple endogenous chondroma can cause skeletal deformities.
- 4. Gross specimen pathological examination, hard and shiny light blue tissue can be seen, lobular transparent cartilage can be seen under the microscope, chondrocytes are uniform, piled up, uniform nucleus size, not deep staining.
- 5. Chondroma rarely develops into chondrosarcoma, and most often occur in larger calculus.
Chondroma examination
- X-ray signs of chondroma: When it occurs in the phalanges (toes), it is centered. Visible edges, neat cystic transparent shadows, swelling and thinning of the affected bone cortex, scattered sand-like dense spots can be seen in the transparent shadows. Occurred in the metacarpal (patella) bone, the tumor shadow is large, often biased to the bone end, the expansion of the bone cortex is more significant, there is no periosteal reaction. It occurs in those with long bones in the extremities, and the shadow of the tumor is extensive. When the tumor is malignant, destruction of the bone cortex and periosteal reaction can be seen.
Chondroma diagnosis
- Key points for diagnosis of chondroma:
- 1. It is more common in young adults. It is common in the middle of the short tubular bones of the hands, feet, and fingers, and the metacarpal bones, which are often multiple. Pelvis, ribs, and long tubular bones are often single.
- 2. The lesions are fusiform, with mild pain and tenderness, and pathological fractures can occur. Malignant transformation is rare, and tumors suddenly increase and pain worsens.
- 3. The diagnosis can be confirmed by X-ray and pathological examination.
Chondroma treatment
- Chondroma treatment principles are: chondroma of the short bones of the fingers, palms and feet should be thoroughly scraped after bone grafting; chondroma of long tubular bone is easy to relapse after scraping the bone graft, and tumor segments should be removed and large Bone transplantation; when malignant becomes chondrosarcoma, amputation or joint dissection should be performed.