What Is a Low-Grade Neoplasm?

Low-grade malignant tumors are based on the degree of tumor differentiation. Generally speaking, low-grade malignant tumors are tumor cells that have a high degree of differentiation. Divided into three types of low differentiation, medium differentiation, and high differentiation.

Low-grade malignancy

Overview of low-grade malignancies

Understanding the characteristics of low-grade malignancies can distinguish the disease well, so that the correct treatment plan can be formulated. And the characteristics of such tumors can be analyzed by the symptoms of low-grade malignant tumors. Low-grade malignancies are the most common malignancies in women. Symptoms of low-grade malignancies are more common in women around the age of 40 and 60. Menstrual activity plays an important role in the development of breast cancer. Women with early menstruation and late menopause are prone to breast cancer. Fertility and breastfeeding can reduce the incidence . In the early stage, breast cancer is a small, painless, solitary mass. It is hard and has a smooth surface. The boundary between it and the surrounding tissues is unclear. It is not easy to be pushed inside the breast. Often found by the patient unintentionally, the sunken skin is a common sign of early breast cancer. Breast cancer continues to develop, shrinking and stiffening the breasts, raising or contracting the nipples, swelling and hardening of the lymph nodes in the armpits, and adhesion to surrounding tissues as symptoms of low-grade malignant tumors.

Characteristics of low-grade malignant tumors

(1) Carcinoid

The symptoms of low-grade malignant tumors originate from Kulchitsky cells in the tracheobronchial mucosa. The cells contain neurosecret granules, which are pathologically divided into typical carcinoids and atypical carcinoids. Carcinoids occur predominantly in the main bronchus and its distal bronchi. The clinical symptoms of low-grade malignant tumors are related to the location of the tumor. Carcinoids that occur in the main bronchus can cause repeated lung infections, hemoptysis, or hemoptysis. A few low-grade malignant tumors are accompanied by carcinoid syndrome and Cushing's syndrome.

(2) Adenoid cystic carcinoma

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is more common in women. About two-thirds of the symptoms of this low-grade malignancy occur in the lower part of the trachea, near the starting level of the carina and the left and right main bronchus. The tumor originates from mucus-secreting cells of the glandular duct or gland, which can grow like a polyp, but mostly grows around the tracheal cartilage annulus in a pericyclic invasion, blocks the lumen, and directly invades the surrounding lymph nodes. Tumors that protrude into the lumen generally do not have complete mucosal coverage, but rarely form ulcers. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the carina can grow into the main bronchus on both sides.

(3) belongs to mucoepidermoid carcinoma

The incidence of such low-grade malignant tumors is relatively low, mostly occurring in the main bronchi, middle bronchi, and leaf bronchi, and the surface of the tumor is generally covered with mucosa. The clinical manifestations of low-grade malignant tumors are closely related to the location of the tumor. A bronchoscopic biopsy can confirm the diagnosis.

Examination of low-grade malignant tumors

Examination of low-grade malignant tumors and exfoliated cells in sputum

It can help us directly find the chest X-ray of the pathogen: On the chest radiograph, we can find the shape, size, scope, density of the lesion and the relationship between the lesion and the pleura and mediastinum, the heart, the internal structure of the lesion, and so on. Therefore, the nature of various lung diseases on the chest radiograph is used to judge its nature. The chest X-ray can include an orthotopic chest radiograph, a lateral chest radiograph, an oblique chest radiograph, a convex chest radiograph, and a tomographic chest radiograph ( Nowadays, CT is rarely used to replace most of the shooting, but this test is more economical, and sometimes can achieve the same inspection purpose), you can also take a chest radiograph according to the position designed by the doctor: chest puncture is divided into lung puncture and pleural cavity puncture. It can help us to perform biopsy. Thoracocentesis and lung puncture can also achieve therapeutic purposes, such as lung pus-like puncture to extract pus and inject drugs, pleural fluid aspiration for exudative pleurisy, and drugs.

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy

This examination is directly inserted from the nasal cavity into the tracheobronchial bronchus to the bronchus of the lungs to directly observe the lesion. The tissue can also be examined by tissue inspection forceps and the tissue of the lesion, and the lesion can also be washed with a special brush. , And then check the scrub solution, found pathogens or cancer cells, can also lavage treatment of certain lung diseases, dredge the small bronchi and bronchioles, inject therapeutic drugs through the bronchoscope, if foreign bodies enter the trachea and bronchi, you can also pass the bronchus The mirror is clipped out with pliers. Computerized tomography (CT): The effect is the same as chest X-ray, but it is finer, more layered, higher resolution, and the location of the lesion is more accurate. If a contrast agent is used in the examination, the image will be more It is clear, which is convenient for us to observe the dynamic and stereoscopic observation of the lesion. Thoracic exploration: This requires the close cooperation of a chest surgeon. This test cannot be done by any patient with lung disease, otherwise the patient will not accept it easily and the doctor will not rush the knife. After talking about the above, it is nothing else, and when your relatives, friends, and colleagues sometimes have a lung disease that cannot be finally diagnosed, it is best to choose one or more of the above examination methods for examination, in order to make an early diagnosis and take Effective measures for treatment must not be arbitrarily delayed, and the opportunity of missed treatment is estimated to far outweigh the benefits.

Low -grade malignant tumors

1. Granulosa cell tumors in ovarian gonadal stromal tumors are low-grade malignancies: the prognosis is good, and late recurrence is the characteristic of this tumor. The 5-year survival rate is 80% to 90%, and the 10-year survival rate is about 70%. Metastasis and recurrence mostly occur in the abdominal cavity, and distant metastases are rare. If the capsule is infiltrated or ruptured, the tumor can invade adjacent 107 or contralateral ovaries.

2. Giant cell tumor of bone: It is a low-grade malignant tumor, which occurs between 20 and 40 years old. Generally has a history of chronic low back pain, is intermittent, does not affect sleep, and often accompanied by symptoms and signs of nerve, spinal cord or adjacent organ compression. It is mainly diagnosed by X-rays. X-ray is present: The vertebral body is foamy, the density is reduced, and the cortical bone has swell changes; however, the X-ray performance is not as typical as that of giant cell tumor of bone in other parts. Alpha scan can show the characteristics of osteolysis, swelling, eccentricity and multi-atrial of giant cell tumor of bone. Treatment should be completely surgically removed. At the same time, bone graft or artificial vertebral replacement is performed according to the specific conditions. The postoperative recurrence rate is higher, about 50% to 60%. The effect of radiotherapy is uncertain.

3, oligodendroglioma: low-grade malignant tumor, benign, many people also call it benign tumor. Slow growth, calcified plaque is often seen in the tumor.