What Is a MRSA Outbreak?

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the main pathogenic bacteria in hospitals and communities. Broad-spectrum resistance, resistance to -lactam and cephalosporin antibiotics, average levels of aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, and rifampicin Resistant to vancomycin.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a common clinical pathogen that can produce a variety of

In the 1940s, penicillin was used in the clinic, which significantly improved the prognosis of patients. Methicillin and other enzyme-resistant penicillins could effectively inhibit drug-resistant strains. In the 1960s, infections of MRSA strains in hospitals around the world appeared, which affected all -lactams. Antibiotics are resistant and resistant to other clinically used antibacterials. In the late 1990s, the United States and Australia successively reported community-acquired or community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections. In 1998, Japanese scholars sequenced the entire genome of CA MRSA strain MW2 and showed that CA MRSA strains and HA MRSA strains had different genetic backgrounds.

Compared with HA MRSA, CA MRSA strains carry PVL virulence genes. PVL (Panton Valentineleucocidin) is a leukocyte-killing exotoxin. It is carried by phage and binds to the staphylococcus aureus chromosome. It can destroy human leukocytes, cause severe tissue damage to the body, and cause necrotic skin damage and necrosis in children and adult patients. Pneumonia, etc.

The reason mecDNA is a unique DNA sequence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus, which is about 30-45 kb in length and is located on the bacterial chromosome. The mecA gene expresses a large amount of a special binding activity to -2-lactam antibiotics.

Reports on the incidence of MRSA infection at home and abroad

The MRSA detection methods commonly used in clinical practice are roughly divided into three categories: In addition to traditional drug sensitivity tests for MRSA resistance phenotypes and some rapid finished product identification kits, molecular biological methods have become increasingly mature, mainly including

Vancomycin has long been the gold standard for treating MRSA infections. Vancomycin-insensitive strain Mu3 was first reported in Japan in 1996. The first case of vancomycin-resistant strain (VRSA) was reported in the United States in 2002. Since then, vancomycin-resistant strains or MRSA have been reported worldwide. So far, more than 100 VISA strains and 16 VRSA strains have been reported. In view of the above, many advances have been made in the development of new anti-MRSA infection drugs, such as linezolid, daptomycin, tigecycline, travancin, and ceftaroline. The results of in vitro drug sensitivity tests show that these new anti-MRSA drugs have good antibacterial activity and are being clinically verified.

On January 4, 2011, the American Society of Infectious Diseases (IDSA) published the first methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection treatment guideline, which was approved by the American Academy of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, the American Association of Emergency Physicians, and the American Pediatrics Learn to review and recognize.

1. Wash hands, keep the ward clean, and strictly sterilize;

2. Chemoprevention: prevent intranasal MRSA transfer (Baiduobang ointment), combined use of Baidubang and sterilant;

3. Isolate patients;