What Is a Neck Cyst?

Cervical cysts, known as "cervical gland retention cysts", also known as "Nabbott cysts", "Nessler gland cysts", or "nanocysts" for short, are a type of cervicitis. Usually occurs during the healing of cervicitis, the secretions of the cervical glands are blocked by the neoplastic squamous epithelium to form a cystic mass. Generally small and scattered, protruding on the surface of the cervix, yellowish white liquid remains in the glands to form cysts of various sizes. There may be no clinical symptoms, and leucorrhea may increase with or without inflammation. TCM is called "under the disease" for those who have symptoms. Most patients with cervical cysts are asymptomatic and were found by chance at the time of physical examination without special treatment. If the glandular cyst is large, accompanied by increased leucorrhea and other discomfort, timely treatment is required.

Basic Information

nickname

Cervical gland retention cyst, Naboth cyst, Nagner's gland cyst, Nanocapsule

Visiting department

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Multiple groups

Married woman

Common causes

Chronic cervical inflammation

Common symptoms

Asymptomatic or increased vaginal discharge with or without odor

Causes of cervical cysts

1. Chinese medicine believes that the main cause of the disease is liver stagnation, dampness and heat, and spleen deficiency.

2. Western medicine believes that due to cervical infection with various pathogens, inflammatory reactions and changes occur. During the process of inflammatory healing and repair, the secretions in the cervical glands are overproliferated by new squamous epithelium to block the cervical glands to form cystic masses.

Clinical manifestations of cervical cyst

Cervical gland cysts are small yellowish white vesicles that protrude from the surface of the cervix and contain colorless jelly. If accompanied by infection, the appearance of small vesicles is mostly white or yellow. The mucus it contains is often clear and transparent, but may be cloudy and purulent due to co-infection. Cysts are generally small and scattered and can protrude from the surface of the cervix. Some cervical cysts can grow very large, protruding from the surface of the cervix, and even reaching the vaginal opening. There is a pedicle between the root and the cervix, often with cervical hypertrophy. During the examination, you can see a number of yellow-white vesicles of various sizes protruding from the surface of the cervix, which contain mucus, the small ones are large rice grains, the large ones are large corn grains.

Cervical cysts are a type of chronic lesions of cervicitis, most of which have no obvious symptoms, and the main manifestation of cervicitis is increased vaginal discharge. Due to different pathogens, the color, amount, and characteristics of vaginal discharge are also different. Leucorrhea can be sticky, purulent, a few can sometimes have bloodshot or small amounts of blood, and a few can also have contact bleeding. If accompanied by pelvic inflammatory disease, there may be lower abdominal or lumbosacral pain, or dysmenorrhea.

Cervical cyst examination

1. Gynecological examination

The surface of the cervix of the cervix is protruded with a number of yellow-white vesicles of various sizes, which contain mucus. The small ones have large rice kernels and the large ones have large corn kernels. Note the presence of erosion, bleeding, cervical hypertrophy, etc., if necessary, supplemented by cervical TCT examination, no tenderness, thickening and mass in the uterus and bilateral accessories. If more severe inflammation is associated, further examination of the pathogen is required.

2. Auxiliary inspection

(1) Leucorrhea wet film inspection Judge cleanliness and exclude bacterial, fungal, and trichomoniasis vaginal infections.

(2) Cervical TCT (cervical cytology) or (and) HPV virus typing test to exclude cervical lesions and even cervical precancerous lesions.

(3) Biopsy Biopsy is required for suspected other lesions, and endometriosis or adenocarcinoma of the cervix are excluded by pathological diagnosis.

Cervical cyst diagnosis

Diagnosis can be confirmed based on clinical symptoms and gynecological examination. .

Differential diagnosis of cervical cyst

Cervical lesions

Cervical lesions can also be associated with sacs, which can be identified by cervical TCT.

2. Cervical erosion

The term "cervical erosion" has been inherited for many years, but it is an incorrect reference. It has been abolished abroad. This reference has also been abandoned in new domestic textbooks and replaced by "cervical columnar epithelium extroversion." Generally speaking, identification of cervical inflammation is sufficient.

3. Endometriosis

Purple-brown nodules are found in the cervix, with a hard texture and often accompanied by dysmenorrhea. Unlike cervical cysts, there are brown hemorrhages after puncture, and endometriosis glands can be seen pathologically.

4. Cervical adenoma (cancer)

Purple-brown nodules are found in the cervix, with a hard texture, often accompanied by dilute watery leucorrhea. Pathological biopsy shows abnormal glandular structure, glandular epithelial abnormalities are greater than glandular dysplasia, and obvious sieve hyperplasia, papillary hyperplasia, Gland distortion and other abnormalities. Sometimes a sudden transition from normal cervical glandular epithelium to atypical glandular epithelium can be seen, which is one of the important clues in the diagnosis of cervical adenocarcinoma in situ.

Cervical cyst treatment

Asymptomatic can be observed, regular cervical scraping (TCT); or puncture with a needle, coated with iodovolt; anti-infective treatment with inflammation; physical therapy, such as microwave, laser, freezing, electric ironing, etc. If it is not accompanied by other conditions (such as cervical lesions), colposcopy or LEEP treatment is generally not recommended.

Prognosis of cervical cyst

Cervical cysts are generally asymptomatic and develop slowly and can be observed and left untreated. For women with severe cervicitis, active cervicitis or physical therapy can be taken.

Cervical cyst prevention

1. Usually pay attention to personal hygiene, pay attention to exercise, pay proper attention to nutrition and health, ensure physical and mental health, keep the vulva clean, and prevent pathogens from invading and causing illness.

2. Make things easy and avoid overwork. Pay attention to sexual hygiene, clean the vulva before and after sex, spouse should pay attention to clean the foreskin of the penis.

3. Implement family planning, adopt contraceptive measures, and try to avoid mechanical damage to the cervix by repeated flow of people. At the same time, the gynecological operation should be strictly aseptic to prevent iatrogenic infection and injury. Avoid damaging the cervix during childbirth. If a cervical laceration is found, it should be sutured in time and antibiotics should be used reasonably.

4. Pay attention to hygiene during menstruation, abortion and puerperium. Sexual intercourse and tub bath should be strictly prohibited during menstruation and postpartum to prevent pathogens from invading.

5. Do regular gynecological examinations and find that cervical inflammation should be actively treated. Sexual intercourse should be prohibited during the treatment of cervical inflammation. Stop the local application of medicines during menstruation. Avoid spicy and greasy products during treatment.