What Is a Portable Dental X-Ray?

Medical X-ray equipment is one of the more common clinical applications. It uses X-rays as the basis for detection and diagnosis, and controls X-rays for radiological examination and treatment of human tissues. It can help doctors determine the specific condition of patients. ^[1] .

Chinese name: Medical X-ray equipment

Foreign name: Medical X-ray Equipment

Development history of medical X-ray equipment

Since the discovery of X-rays by German physicist Roentgen on November 8, 1895, X-rays have become more and more widely used in medicine. The new discipline of radiology was born in the early 20th century, and a new era of medical diagnosis and treatment began. For more than a century, X-ray diagnostic technology has developed rapidly and widely, which has made great contributions to human disease diagnosis and health care, and has always occupied the largest share of various branches of ionizing radiation medical applications. Medical X-ray diagnosis has been applied to include general X-ray diagnosis, digital X-ray imaging (CR, DR, DSA), X-ray computed tomography (X-CT), special X-ray diagnostic examination, mammography, dental X-ray Photography ^[2] .

Basic composition of medical X-ray equipment

Due to the different purposes of diagnosis and treatment, the structure of the medical X-ray equipment formed is also different. But in general, X-ray equipment consists of an X-ray generating device, an X-ray imaging device, and an accessory device.

1. X-ray generating device refers to a device that completes X-ray generation and controls it. Generally includes X-ray source components, high voltage generators and control devices.

2. X-ray imaging devices come in various forms. For example, digital imaging devices include detectors (flat panel detectors, CCD detectors, etc.), computer systems, and image processing software. Other imaging devices include fluorescent screens, film cassettes, and image enhancers. , Video and television.

3. X-ray auxiliary devices refer to various facilities that are matched with X-ray generating devices and are designed to meet the needs of clinical diagnosis and treatment. It mainly includes mechanical equipment such as examination beds, diagnostic beds, catheter beds, photographic beds, etc., various supports, suspension devices, braking devices, holding devices, filter grids, filter plates, and line shields ^[3] .

Medical X-ray equipment classification

There are many types of X-ray equipment developed to date, and the criteria for measuring the basic performance of different types of X-ray equipment in electromagnetic compatibility tests and the compliance criteria of the immunity test will be slightly different. Therefore, it is necessary to sort out the classification of X-ray equipment. According to different classification principles, there are multiple classification methods for X-ray equipment.

1. According to different image formats, it can be divided into: X-ray equipment for fluoroscopy, X-ray equipment for photography (photographing) and X-ray equipment for fluoroscopy / photography.

2. Classification according to the application of special purpose: mammography X-ray equipment, dental (oral) X-ray equipment, digital subtraction angiography X-ray equipment, etc.

3. Classification according to imaging methods: traditional X-ray photography (including the use of image intensifiers, X-ray televisions or movie equipment), computer X-ray photography systems (computed radiography, CR), and digital radiography (DR)

4. Classification according to structure: fixed, mobile, portable.

5. Classified according to output power: small, medium and large ^[3] .

Working principle and clinical application of medical X-ray equipment

1. Diagnosis According to the difference in the absorption of X-rays by different tissues and organs of the human body, when a uniform beam of X-rays passes through, its internal structural information will present a corresponding image according to the transmission level, which is conducive to timely disease Diagnosis, early diagnosis and early treatment. This is the most widely used field of X-rays in medicine, mainly including filming and fluoroscopy.

Although film inspection has the advantages of better contrast and sharpness, and can be stored permanently, the film can only display images of one part at a time, and cannot observe the active state of the organ.

Perspective fluoroscopy is relatively broad. It can move patients to observe it from different angles, but it cannot record the image of the lesion, which is not conducive to re-examination and Contrast, and its radiation dose is larger, which is more likely to cause damage to the human body.

2. The treatment is to irradiate cancer cells through a device capable of generating high doses of X-rays, resulting in changes in the structure and cell activity of cancer cells, in order to achieve the effect of killing cancer cells and inhibiting their growth and spread, and to provide radiation therapy for cancer The possibility ^[4] .

Precautions for medical X-ray equipment

Medical X-rays play a very important role in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of human diseases. However, the application of X-rays has two sides. While using its penetrating power to diagnose and treat the human body, it may also cause damage to the human body, so it is necessary to pay attention to protection issues.

1. Improve the staff and the public's awareness of radiation protection knowledge and laws and regulations to achieve the purpose of active protection. At the same time, the hospital management department has formulated and implemented an effective radiation protection management system to further strengthen awareness.

2. Carry out acceptance inspection on newly installed and major repaired machines to ensure good quality.

3. The radiation workers must strictly implement the X-ray equipment maintenance system so that the X-ray equipment can work in the best state. The machine in use should be regularly checked for stability, regularly checked and maintained, and especially the various parameters should be adjusted correctly.

4. The shielding protection of the medical X-ray equipment room makes full use of the three elements of radiation protection (time, distance, and shielding) to improve the shielding performance of the hospital X-ray device room as much as possible.

5. Cooperate with monitoring agencies and supervision departments to strictly monitor, prevent missed testing, and eliminate the hidden dangers of new construction, expansion, reconstruction, and old computer room to the maximum ^[5]

6830 X Medical X-ray equipment 6830 Medical X-ray equipment

Serial number	Product Category	Product category name	product description	expected usage	Product name example	Management category
1	Medical X-Ray Therapy Equipment	X-ray medical treatment machine	Equipment that generates and controls X-rays for radiotherapy of human tissues. This type of equipment has X-ray generating devices, patient beds and equipment support devices, filter plates and other necessary parts, and may also include signal analysis and display parts, cooling systems, and body cavities. Treatment tube and treatment program procedures.	Mainly used for clinical tumor treatment.	X-ray deep treatment machine X-ray superficial treatment machine
2	Medical X-ray diagnostic equipment	Angiography X-ray equipment	The attenuated non-contrast image is enhanced after passing through the human body, and scanned and stored as a reference image. The image taken after the contrast agent is injected is subtracted from the reference image, leaving only the blood vessel image containing the contrast agent. This type of equipment has an X-ray source, a digital image receiving device, an image information analysis and display system, a catheter bed, and an X-ray equipment that facilitates isocenter adjustment.	It is used for angiography and interventional treatment of heart, cerebrovascular and peripheral blood vessels.	C-arm angiography machine Angiography interventional system Angiography system Angiography X-ray machine
		Medical X-ray positioning equipment	The X-ray imaging principle is used to locate the lesion to cooperate with diagnosis and treatment.	Used in conjunction with other equipment, it is mainly used for positioning during medical diagnosis and treatment.	X-ray machine for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
		Urinary X-ray device	X-ray fluoroscopy equipment with X-ray source, high-pressure generating device, image display system, and special urinary bed.	It is specially used for gynecology and urology X-ray fluoroscopy and photography to obtain images for clinical diagnosis.	Urinary X-ray machine Urinary X-ray equipment
		Mammography equipment	Generally use X-ray tube target surface made of materials such as molybdenum or rhodium, with low tube voltage to form a low-energy X-ray beam. It is equipped with a dedicated X-ray photography device for breast compression, image analysis and display system.	It is specially used to photograph human breast tissue and obtain tissue images for clinical diagnosis.	Mammography Mammography system
		Dental X-ray equipment	An X-ray machine with an X-ray source, an extra-oral image receiver, a slit diaphragm and a relative movement between the X-ray tube and the image receiver.	It is specially used for maxillofacial to oral cavity, and some of them include X-ray panoramic view and tomography of the ear, nose, and throat to obtain images for clinical diagnosis.	Oral panoramic curved tomography X-ray machine Oral and maxillofacial panoramic X-ray machine
			Oral and maxillofacial diagnostic X-ray imaging system with X-ray source, extraoral image receiver, image processing and display system. During imaging, the X-ray beam moves around the patient's jaw and face to obtain a planar image, and the planar image is used to perform three-dimensional reconstruction.	It is specially used for the maxillofacial to oral cavity, and some of them include X-ray photography of the ear, nose and throat, which can obtain three-dimensional images for clinical diagnosis.	Oral cone beam tomography equipment
			Generally, a combined head, an intra-oral image receiver, and a dedicated X-ray machine such as a telescopic crank arm may be used.	It is specially used for X-ray photography of teeth to obtain images for clinical diagnosis.	Dental X-ray machine Portable dental X-ray equipment
		X-ray photography equipment	The X-rays emitted from the X-ray tube are used to pass through different tissues and organs of the patient's body, and the principle of different attenuation of the rays is used to project the X-rays that pass through the patient and carry sufficient information onto the imaging medium to be converted into visible flat gray Universal X-ray equipment for high-resolution images. This type of equipment has an X-ray source. The imaging medium includes films, image plates, digital tablets, etc., and may also be equipped with patient support devices.	It is only used to take pictures of patients and obtain a single image for clinical diagnosis.	Medical diagnostic X-ray equipment Digital X-ray photography equipment
		X-ray equipment	Utilizing the principle that different tissues and organs of the human body attenuate rays differently, through continuous loading of X-ray sources, they are converted into dynamic X-ray equipment on imaging media. This type of equipment has an X-ray source, the imaging medium includes a fluorescent screen, a television system, etc., and may also include a patient support device.	It is only used for fluoroscopy of the patient to obtain continuous images for clinical diagnosis.	Remote X-ray machine Medical diagnostic X-ray fluoroscopy equipment Digital X-ray fluoroscopy system
		X-ray fluoroscopy, photographic equipment	General purpose X-ray equipment with X-ray photography and perspective functions. This type of equipment has an X-ray source, and the imaging medium includes films, image plates, fluorescent screens, television systems, digital tablets, etc., and may also include patient support devices.	Used for photography and perspective of patients, to obtain single or continuous images for clinical diagnosis.	Medical diagnostic X-ray equipment Digital X-Ray System
		Mobile X-ray machine	Universal X-ray equipment with rollers and other devices that can be easily moved during use. This type of equipment has an X-ray source, and the imaging medium includes films, digital tablets, and the like.	It is used to move the X-ray machine to the ward, the operating room, etc., and use it for photography or fluoroscopy on patients who should not be carried.	Mobile X-ray machine Mobile X-ray camera Bedside X-ray machine
		Portable X-ray machine	An X-ray machine that can be moved from one place to another by one or several people during use or during the interval of use. The main components include an X-ray tube head and the like.	It is suitable for X-ray clinical examination of limbs or other small and thin parts under orthopedic or field conditions.	Portable diagnostic X-ray machine Mini X-Ray Machine Portable X-ray fluoroscopy
		Gastrointestinal X-ray equipment	X-ray fluoroscopy equipment generally locks the area of interest by seeing dynamic images when in use, and then obtains a clear still image of the area with larger dose photography. This type of equipment has an X-ray source, a high-pressure generating device, an image display system, a dedicated gastrointestinal bed, and possibly a compressor, a spotting device, and so on.	It is specially used for clinical gastrointestinal X-ray fluoroscopy and photographic examination to obtain images for clinical diagnosis.	Gastrointestinal X-ray equipment Gastrointestinal radiography Remote-controlled gastrointestinal X-ray system
		X-ray bone densitometer	According to the different degrees of absorption of X-rays by bones and tissues of different densities, the bone density results are obtained by inputting digital signals with human body information into a computer for analysis. This type of equipment has X-ray sources, detectors, information analysis and display systems, and possibly patient support devices.	The X-ray attenuation measurement of the human body is dedicated to assess the bone density and mineral content of the patient's bones and adjacent tissues for clinical diagnosis.	Dual energy X-ray bone densitometer X-ray bone densitometer Whole body bone density measuring instrument
		Car X-ray machine	X-ray machine mounted on a movable vehicle with perspective and / or photography functions.	It is suitable for carrying out X-ray fluoroscopy and photodiagnostic inspection at the site far from the hospital under the maneuvering conditions.	Car X-ray machine
3	X-ray computed tomography equipment (CT)	X-ray computed tomography equipment (CT)	Computer reconstruction of X-ray transmission data at different angles is performed to generate cross-sectional images of human bodies, which are used in medical diagnostic X-ray systems. The system includes scanning frames, detectors, and image processing systems.	It is suitable for head and / or whole body scanning, forming cross-sectional images and three-dimensional images for clinical diagnosis.	X-ray computer tomography equipment Head X-ray CT machine Whole body CT machine
Note: When the management category of the software used by the device is different from the device, the management category of the software used shall be the higher of the two ^[6] .