What is a Rorschach test?

The Rorschach Test is created by the Swiss psychiatrist and psychiatrist Hermann Rorschach. It is sometimes called the Rorschach Inkblot test abroad, or Rorschach technique, or Rorschach for short. There are also many translations in China, such as Rorschach test, Rorschach test, and Rosak test. The Rorschach Test is also called the Ink Stain Test because it uses the ink stain plate, and it is now widely used in countries around the world. The Rorschach Ink Test is the most famous projection personality test.

Chinese name: Rorschach Ink Test
Foreign name: Rorschach inkblot test

Applied discipline: psychology
Application range: Personality psychology

Analysis of Rorschach Ink Test

The Rorschach Ink Test is also called the Ink Stain Test because it uses the ink stain plate. It is a very well-known personality test and a rare projective personality test. It is widely used in clinical psychology. By presenting the subject with a standardized stimulus pattern accidentally formed by ink stains, the subjects were allowed to freely look at and say what was associated with it, and then classified and recorded these reactions with symbols to analyze and further analyze Diagnose the personality of the subject.

Rorschach test content

The Rorschach test consists of 10 elaborate ink maps. These quiz pictures are arranged in a certain order, of which 5 are black and white pictures (1.4.5.6.7) with different shades of ink, 2 (2.3) are mainly black and white pictures with red spots, and 3 (8.9.10) are Color picture. These 10 pictures are symmetrical and meaningless.

The following is a set of 10 pictures of Rorschach test from left to right.

Rorschach Ink Test Test Method

The order in which these pictures appear in front of the subject is prescribed.

Rorschach Ink Test Questions

The test taker's instructions were simple, such as: "What does this look like?", "What might this be?"

The test taker should record:

(1) Reacting sentences;

(2) the time required for each picture to appear to start the first reaction;

(3) Long pause time between reactions;

(4) The total time required to respond to each picture;

(5) Incidental actions and other important behaviors of subjects.

The purpose is to induce the participants' life experiences, emotions, and personality tendencies. The subject will unknowingly reveal his true psychology, because when he is telling the story on the picture, he has already projected his mentality into the situation.

Rorschach test answer content

1. Human body: complete human body, part of human body, complete human body in fiction or myth, part of human body in fictional or myth.

2. Animals. Complete animal, part of animal, fictional or mythological complete animal, fictional or mythical animal part.

3. Abstract answer. Such as fear and anger.

4. Answer as letters or Arabic numerals.

5. Human or animal anatomy. Such as skull and pelvis.

6. Anthropological answers. Totem, ancient warrior.

7, artistic answer. Such as painting, dancing.

8. The plant answers.

9. Clothing.

10. Clouds, fog and frost in the sky.

11. Explosion.

12. Daily food.

13. Everyday furniture.

14. Landscape.

15. Natural phenomena.

16. Sexual organs or sexual activity.

17. Related occupations.

Analysis of Rorschach Ink Test Results

The systematic analysis and interpretation is very complicated. In short, there are these contents: It usually takes 20-30 minutes to complete this test. The participants respond too quickly, which may be mania; If they respond too slowly, they may be depression; Sick (hidden depression); very slow to prevent him from committing suicide. Exercises are more reactive, creative, emotionally stable, and introverted. There are many color reactions, rich emotions, and dexterity. In terms of the total number of responses, normal people made 17-27 answers to 10 pictures. The total number of responses was poor but the quality was manic. The total number was high and the quality was high. Most of them were introverts. The lower the total number, the more poor the quality is suggesting that there are brain diseases such as brain tumors, or those with intellectual dementia. Animals with few answers are almost certainly specialized artists, while animals with overreaction (70 to 100%) are very rigid academics. Animals with a response of 20 to 35% indicate that the subjects are in a good mood. It can be concluded that 50 to 75% of the subjects are in a good mood. Depressed for mood.

The differences in response content, response location, and determinants reflect the different mental and psychological states of the subjects, and they can predict the prognosis of the disease. Because of its scientific nature, its calculations are rigorous and complex, which is not described in detail here.

A few typical examples: One participant repeatedly viewed the picture as a dead animal or anatomy, such as dead bears, dead bats, dog skins, human blood, skulls, etc., and soon the person committed suicide. Another person suffered from scorch deficiency, but could not find the cause, and it was difficult to treat. He took the Rorschach test, and he saw the sexual organs many times, or had sexual meaning, such as thighs and breasts. Find the cause and it's easy to treat.

However, some foreign psychology experts believe that the Rorschach test is invalid, and it is almost the same as the chance of rolling the dice.

Rorschach Ink Test Determinants

1. Answer based on the shape of the figure. Similarly, quality is divided into four levels.

2. The answer that the subject thinks the figure has motion characteristics (such as patrolling soldiers, flying eagles, thrown plates, etc.).

3. Color answer. The subjects responded mainly based on the characteristics of the color, such as determining that the red part is a butterfly. In fact, ordinary people seem to think that the shape is not like a butterfly except for the color image, which is divided into four cases: pure color answers without including shape and movement; color mainly followed by shape and movement; shape mainly followed by color; only answer The names of colors are white, yellow, and so on.

4. Non-color answer.

It mainly involves the characteristics of gray, black, and white, but not the shape, other brilliant colors, and other factors.

5, light and dark answer.

Includes texture, such as a soft carpet. It can involve shapes, colors, movements, etc .; deep scenes, such as an island in the sea; diffuse, and answers based on amorphous features, such as scattered tree shadows and dense smoke.

6. Shape and space. It is mainly based on shape size and spatial relationship without involving texture and brightness.

7. Answer in pairs.

8. Reflection answer. Think of half as a boat on the shore and half as a reflection of the boat in the water.

9. The above mixed answer.

10. Public answers. According to the statistics of the responses of a number of people, it is common to approach this norm.

Rorschach Ink Test Test Phase

The Rorschach test can be conducted in four stages:

(1) Free reaction stage . That is, the free association stage. At this stage, the main test provides the ink stain map to the participants. The general guideline is "Whatever you see or think of, say whatever". All inducible questions should be avoided, and only the participants' spontaneous reactions should be recorded. The main test should not only try to record all the verbal responses of the subject as much as possible, but also pay careful attention to and record his movements and expressions. In addition, the time from when a plate is presented to when the first response is made and when the reaction to this plate ends is determined and recorded.

(2) Questioning phase . This is the stage of confirming the idea hidden in the free reaction stage of the subjects. The main test is based on the recording materials of the free association stage. By asking questions, it is necessary to clearly understand which parts of the ink stain map are used in the subjects reactions and draw What is the determining factor of the answer.

(3) Analogy stage . This is a supplementary measure that is always taken when the questioning phase is not fully understood. It mainly asks whether the determinants used in the response to a certain ink stain map are also used to respond to other ink stain maps, so as to determine whether there is a certain determinant in the response of the subject.

(4) Limit test phase . When the main test is still doubtful about whether certain parts and determinants are used by the test subject, confirm it. During the test, the main test classifies various reactions with marks, and calculates the number of times of various reactions for comparison in terms of absolute numbers, percentages, and ratios.

Division of Rorschach Ink Test Marks

Rorschach test marks are divided into five stages:

Marks in Rorschach Ink Test

This is based on the response classification of the ink stain image area used in the answer. Its area includes the overall response to the ink stain map (abbreviated as W), the common majority reaction (D), the common small response (d), and abnormal Partial reaction (Dd) and blank partial reaction (S). If the subject responds to the blank part as a pattern and the ink stain part as the background, the reaction symbol S is used.

Rorschach Ink Test Determinant Marker

This is the response classification for the participants to decide the answer based on what factors of the (or imagined) nature of the ink stain image. Response determinants include morphology (F), motion (M), shade (CKR), and color (C '. C). There is generally a major determinant for the response in a major area, such as only the morphological characteristics of ink stains as a determination The response of a factor is the main determinant, and the symbol is F. But sometimes there are two or more determinants in a reaction, such as "beautiful butterfly". The main determinant is form (depending on the situation, there may be light and shade and motion), and color is an additional determinant. For FC.

Mark of Rorschach Ink Test Content

This is a categorization of the responses to the kind of content answered. The response content includes 24 categories such as human (H), human part (Hd), sex (Sex), animal (A), plant (P1), building (Arch), art (Art), abstract (Abst), etc. The response is "like a butterfly", and the content symbol is A.

Rorschach test ordinaryness originality

The most frequently occurring reactions were classified as trivial reactions (P). According to the clinical experience of the main test, reactions that occurred only once in 100 records were classified as original reactions (O).

Rorschach Ink Test Morphological Level Evaluation

Refers to whether the characteristics of ink stains can be accurately, detailedly and highly organized, and the response is evaluated with a certain scale according to the degree of conception and shape. Rorschach's morphological level evaluation method is quite complicated. It requires the main test to grasp the three dimensions of accuracy, detail, and organization. Its score ranges from -2.0 to +5.0 in increments of 0.5. In order to facilitate the operation, Anshi Kaguchi proposed a simple correction method. The evaluation object is mainly the response to the general morphological determinants, which is divided into four levels:

(1) F + (excellent level), the standard is that its content is consistent with the ink stain image, detail and organization are better than the general response.

(2) Fo (good level), as long as the response content is generally consistent with the ink stain image, there is no inappropriate detailing and unreasonable organization can be rated as Fo.

(3) Fu (bad level), when the consistency and accuracy of the content and the ink stain image are reduced, it is evaluated as Fu response.

(4) F- (morbid level), the standard of which is the lack of accuracy and consistency between the response content and the ink stain image. The Rorschach test includes, in addition to the 10 ink stain maps, a standardized Rorschach diagnosis table, a mark record table, a mark total table, a quantitative relationship record table, and an analysis and evaluation table. Through extensive clinical research, researchers of the Rorschach test have proposed a series of doctrines that analyze and interpret the results. The interpretation of Rorschach test mainly includes quantitative analysis, sequence analysis and content analysis.

Introduction to Rorschach Ink Test Projection

The so-called projection method is a personality test method that allows the subjects to establish their own imaginary world through a certain medium, and reveals their personality characteristics in an unrestrained situation.

The medium in the test can be some irregular lines; it can also be some meaningful pictures; it can also be some headless sentences; it can also be the beginning of a story and let the participants compose the end of the story.

Because this picture is vague, a person's description can only come from his imagination. Through different answers and reactions, you can know the personality and attitude of each other.

The biggest advantage of the projection method is that the intention and purpose of the test subject are hidden. This creates a more objective external condition, making the test results more real, more objective, and a better understanding of psychological activities. The disadvantage is that the analysis is more difficult. , Need to have a specially trained master test. Therefore, the use of projection tests in employee recruitment is generally relatively small, and only considered in the recruitment of high-level managers. ^[1]