What Is a Spiral Fracture?

Cause:

Spiral fracture

Cause:

Most are caused by accidents.

Spiral fracture systemic symptoms

(1) Fever symptoms: There is a large amount of internal bleeding at the fracture, and the body temperature slightly increases when the hematoma is absorbed, but generally it does not exceed. When the temperature of the open fracture increases, the possibility of infection should be considered. [2]

(2) Shock symptoms occur: for multiple fractures, pelvic fractures, femoral fractures, spinal fractures, and severe open bones. Patients often suffer from shock due to extensive soft tissue damage, heavy bleeding, severe pain, or concurrent visceral damage.

Local symptoms

(1) Symptoms of abnormal activity: Normally, the limb cannot move, and abnormal movement occurs after the fracture.

(2) Symptoms of deformity: The displacement of the fractured segment can change the shape of the affected limb, which is mainly shortened.

(3) Symptoms of bone fricatives or abrasions: After a fracture, the two fractured ends rub against each other, which can produce a buzzing sound or a bone rubbing sensation.

Differential diagnosis of spiral fracture

The purpose of fracture classification is to clarify the location and nature of fractures, and to use clinically correct and complete diagnosis and selection of appropriate treatment methods. (1) It can be divided into:

1. Rupture of the skin and mucous membrane near the open fracture fracture, rupture of the bladder or urethra caused by the pubic fracture, and rectal rupture caused by the coccyx fracture, all are open fractures. Due to communication with the outside world, such fractures are contaminated.

2. Closed fracture The skin or mucous membrane at the fracture is intact and is not in communication with the outside world. Such fractures are uncontaminated.

(B) classification based on the degree of fracture

1. The completeness or continuity of the complete fracture bone is completely interrupted, and after the fracture of the tubular bone, two or more fracture segments are formed. Horizontal, oblique, spiral and comminuted fractures are all complete fractures.

2. Incomplete fractures The integrity or continuity of bones is only partially interrupted, such as fractures of the skull, scapula, and long bones, and the fractures of children's green branches are incomplete fractures.

(Three) classification based on the shape of the fracture

1. Horizontal, oblique and spiral fractures mostly occur in the backbone.

2. A comminuted fracture is broken into two or more pieces, which is called a comminuted fracture. When the fracture line is "T" -shaped or "Y" -shaped, it is also called "T" -shaped fracture or "Y" -shaped fracture.

3. Compression fracture cancellous bone is deformed due to compression, such as vertebra and calcaneus.

4. Stellate fractures are mostly caused by violence directly on the bone surface, such as stellate fractures of the skull and sacrum.

5. Depressed fractures, such as the skull, are partially sunken due to external forces.

6. Embedded fractures occur at the junction of cortical bone and cancellous bone in the metaphysis of the long tube. After a fracture, cortical bone is inserted into the cancellous bone, which can occur in the femoral neck and humeral surgical neck.

7. Crack fractures such as long bones or skull fractures may have fracture lines, but not all bone.

8. Green branch fractures mostly occur in children, part of the bone is broken, and the periosteum and part of the bone are not broken.

9. Isolation of epiphyseal fractures through epiphyseal fractures. The section of epiphyseal fractures may carry varying amounts of bone tissue and is a type of fracture.

(4) Classification based on anatomical parts

Such as spinal vertebral fractures, attachment fractures, long bone fractures, epiphyseal separation, metaphyseal fractures, intra-articular fractures and so on.

(5) Classification according to whether the bone tissue before the fracture is normal

1. Traumatic fracture Bone structure is normal. Fractures caused by violence are called traumatic fractures.

2. Pathological fractures Different from general traumatic fractures, pathological fractures are characterized by the fact that before the fracture, the bone itself has inherent factors that affect its structural rigidity. These inherent factors make the bone structure weak. A slight external force that is not sufficient to cause a fracture in a normal bone can cause a fracture.

(6) Classification based on fracture stability

1. Stable fractures are stable fractures that are unlikely to reposition after proper external fixation after reduction. Such as fracture fractures, green branch fractures, impact fractures, long bone transverse fractures, compression fractures and so on.

2. Unstable fractures Fractures that are prone to reposition after reduction are called unstable bone fractures, such as oblique fractures, spiral fractures, and comminuted fractures. The femoral shaft is a transverse fracture, which is not stable due to the strong tensile force of the muscle. It is also an unstable fracture.

(VII) Classification based on time after fracture

1. Fresh fractures New fractures and fractures that have not yet been fully fibrous connected and may be reset, fractures within 2 to 3 weeks.

2. For fractures older than three weeks after an old fracture, the time limit for three weeks is not constant. For example, in children with elbow fractures, it is difficult to recover after 10 days.

The typical manifestations of fracture patients are local deformation after injury, abnormal movement of limbs, and bone fricatives when moving the limb. In addition, the wound is severely painful, local swelling and congestion, and movement disorders occur after injury. After the trauma occurs, the patient should be moved as little as possible. If it is necessary to move, the patient must be cautious, gentle and stable, and the principle is not to increase the patient's pain.

Systemic symptoms

(1) Fever symptoms: There is a large amount of internal bleeding at the fracture, and the body temperature slightly increases when the hematoma is absorbed, but generally it does not exceed. When the temperature of the open fracture increases, the possibility of infection should be considered. [2]

(2) Shock symptoms occur: for multiple fractures, pelvic fractures, femoral fractures, spinal fractures, and severe open bones. Patients often suffer from shock due to extensive soft tissue damage, heavy bleeding, severe pain, or concurrent visceral damage.

Local symptoms

(1) Symptoms of abnormal activity: Normally, the limb cannot move, and abnormal movement occurs after the fracture.

(2) Symptoms of deformity: The displacement of the fractured segment can change the shape of the affected limb, which is mainly shortened.

(3) Symptoms of bone fricatives or abrasions: After a fracture, the two fractured ends rub against each other, which can produce a buzzing sound or bone abrasions.

Related diseases

Spinous process fracture

Skull fracture

Fracture of hyoid bone

Throw fracture

Tibial stress fracture

Fracture and dislocation of coccyx

Patella fracture

Chance fracture

Burst fracture of thorax and lumbar spine

Simple, wedge-shaped compression fractures of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

Cervical spine fracture with dislocation injury

Vertebral burst fracture

Cervical vertebral body wedge compression fracture

Gallows fracture or traumatic vertebral arch fracture

fracture

More systemic symptoms

"5P" sign

"Cough Water" Addicted

"Tripartism"

Asperger syndrome

HIV infection

Moro is unresponsive

Todd is paralyzed (legacy

Aspirin allergy

Cancerous fever

White

septicemia

With hypertension

Mucosal hemorrhage

With vivid fear

Insecure baby

Fulminant pain

Act of violence

Forced posture

Anxious pain

Difficult to settle with eyes closed

How to prevent spiral fractures

The ultimate goal of treating a fracture is to maximize the possibility of an injured limb. Restore maximum functionality. therefore. In fracture treatment, the three basic principles of reduction, fixation and functional exercise are very important.

The first step is reduction: it is to restore the fractured stump that has been displaced after the fracture to normal or close to the original normal position to restore the stent function of the bone. The reduction methods include closed reduction, surgical reduction, and external fixation.

The second step, fixation: After the fracture is reset, because it is unstable and easy to relocate, different methods should be used to fix it in a satisfactory position to make it gradually heal. Common fixing methods are: small splint, plaster bandage, external fixing bracket, traction brake fixing, etc. These are called external fixing. If the upper plate, steel needle, intramedullary needle, screw, etc. are cut through surgery, it is called internal fixation.

The third step is functional training: by contracting the muscles of the injured limb, increasing blood circulation around the fracture, promoting fracture healing, preventing muscle atrophy, and actively or passively moving unfixed joints, preventing joint adhesion and joint capsule contracture, etc. The function of the injured limb returned to the normal state before the fracture as soon as possible.