What Is a Venous Stasis Ulcer?

Congestion is a Chinese vocabulary and the Chinese pinyin is y xi. It is a common disease that refers to the stasis of blood in organs or tissues due to impeded venous blood flow. Congestion is mostly caused by the rupture and bleeding of subcutaneous capillaries under the action of external forces.

[y xuè]

Congestion is a Chinese vocabulary and the Chinese pinyin is y xi, which is a common disease that refers to the cause

Basic meaning of congestion

Congestion is mostly caused by the rupture and bleeding of subcutaneous capillaries under the action of external forces. Subcutaneous due to extravasation of blood from ruptured capillaries. So we can see a bruise on the whole skin. At this time, the blood under the skin caused by extravasation is a foreign body, and it is rich in subcutaneous nerves. So the pain is obvious. 24 hours after the occurrence of congestion, warm the affected area with warm water. To promote local blood circulation and promote the dissipation of congestion. Generally, the subcutaneous stasis body absorbs slowly, which takes about two weeks.

Treatment method: 1. In the congestion area, rub it with medicated wine and rub it gently to promote the dissipation of the congestion.

2. It is recommended to take Chinese medicine for conditioning.

Causes of congestion , pathological changes and effects on the body

(I) Causes of Congestion

1. Vein compression Vein compression causes stenosis or occlusion of the lumen and obstruction of blood return, resulting in congestion of organs and tissues at the corresponding site. Such as congestion of the lower extremity veins caused by uterine compression of the iliac vein during pregnancy.

2. Venous lumen obstruction is common in venous thrombosis. Because there are many venous branches, venous congestion occurs only when the venous lumen is blocked and the blood flow cannot return through the collaterals.

3 Heart failure can cause pulmonary congestion when mitral valvular heart disease and essential hypertension cause left ventricular insufficiency. Pulmonary heart disease can cause right ventricular insufficiency that can cause congestion of organs such as the liver, kidneys, and lower limbs, causing systemic congestion.

(B) the pathological changes of congestion

To the naked eye: due to blocked venous return, blood stagnates in dilated small veins and capillaries, which increases the volume of organs and tissues in the congested area; due to slow blood flow in the congested area, hypoxia, reduced oxygenated hemoglobin, increased hemoglobin reduction, congestion Organs are dark red.

Metabolism: When venous congestion occurs, organs and tissues do not get sufficient oxygen and nutrients, which reduces the tissue metabolic rate, reduces heat production, and reduces the temperature of the body's surface congestion. The congested tissue is relatively hypoxic and the metabolic function is weakened.

Under the light microscope: the small veins and capillaries are dilated and filled, and bleeding and interstitial edema are visible.

(C) Examples of common organ congestion

1. Pulmonary congestion: Mostly caused by left heart failure, the pressure in the left heart cavity increases, preventing pulmonary veins from returning, causing pulmonary congestion. Macroscopically, the lungs are swollen, weight increased, dark red or tan, and the texture is hardened. Foamy red bloody fluid flowed out from the cut surface. Acute pulmonary congestion under light microscopy showed dilated and congested capillaries in the alveolar wall, thickened alveolar wall, and filled the alveolar cavity with edema fluid and bleeding. In chronic pulmonary congestion, alveolar wall thickening and fibrosis, pulmonary edema, and pulmonary hemorrhage can be seen, and a large number of macrophages containing hemosiderin, called heart failure cells, are seen. Long-term chronic pulmonary congestion can cause brown lung sclerosis (the texture of the lungs becomes hard and the naked eye is tan). Patients with pulmonary congestion have obvious shortness of breath, cyanosis, and coughing of pink foamy sputum.

2. Hepatic congestion is mainly seen in right heart failure, obstruction of hepatic vein return, which leads to dilated and congested hepatic veins and hepatic sinus. Liver volume increases with dark red during acute liver congestion. Under the microscope, the central vein and hepatic sinus are dilated, and hepatocytes atrophy and necrosis can be seen in the center of the leaflet. The surrounding liver cells undergo steatosis. In chronic liver congestion, severe hepatic congestion in the central part of the liver lobules is dark red, and multiple central congested areas of the liver lobules are connected, and liver cells surrounding the liver lobules become yellow due to steatosis, causing the liver to become red (congested areas) and yellow (hepatic steatosis) The alternate pattern, like the cut surface of betel nut , is called betel nut liver . Under light microscope, hepatic veins, central veins, and sinus dilatation and congestion can be seen. Hepatocytes in the central part of the hepatic lobules atrophy and necrosis due to hypoxia and compression, and hepatocytes in the periphery of the hepatic lobules undergo steatosis. Chronic chronic liver congestion can cause liver congestion sclerosis. Unlike portal cirrhosis, congestive cirrhosis has milder lesions, less obvious changes in hepatic lobules, no portal hypertension, and no liver failure.

(D) the impact of congestion on the body

Congestion can cause congestive bleeding and tissue edema

Atrophy, degeneration and necrosis of organ parenchymal cells;

Long-term chronic congestion can cause organ sclerosis

Establishment of collateral circulation. During cirrhosis, the anastomotic branches of the collateral circulation between the portal vein and vena cava open, forming gastric fundoesophageal varices, superficial abdominal varicose veins, and hemorrhoidal varices.

Congestive pathology

The venous return of organs or local tissues is blocked, and blood is stagnated in small veins and capillaries, which is called venous congestion, which is referred to as congestion.

Consequences: 1. Congestive edema. 2. Congestive bleeding. 3. Congestive sclerosis

Congestive pathological changes

Localized tissues and organs with congestion are swollen due to the accumulation of blood. Occurred on the body surface, due to the reduction of the perfusion volume of the microcirculation, the content of oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood decreases and the content of reduced hemoglobin increases, and the local skin is purple blue, which is called cyanosis. Due to local blood stagnation, the capillaries dilate, which increases heat dissipation and decreases body surface temperature. Microscopic veins and capillaries were dilated, and excessive red blood cells accumulated. Capillary congestion leads to an increase in hydrostatic pressure and hypoxia in the blood vessels. Its permeability increases. Water, salt and small amounts of protein can leak out. The leaked fluid stays in the tissue and causes congestive edema. Leakage fluid can also accumulate in the serosal cavity, causing pleural effusion, ascites, and pericardial effusion. Capillary permeability further increases or ruptures, causing red blood cells to leak out and form small focal bleeding, which is called congestive hemorrhage. Fragments of red blood cells in the hemorrhage are phagocytosed by phagocytic cells, hemoglobin is broken down by lysosomal enzymes, and hemosiderin is precipitated and accumulated in the cytoplasm of phagocytic cells. This type of cell is called a hemosiderin.

Congestion consequences

The consequences of congestion depend on factors such as the nature of the organ or tissue, the extent and duration of the congestion. Short-term congestion is mild, while long-term congestion is more severe. Prolonged congestion is also called chronic congestion. Due to local tissue hypoxia, insufficient supply of nutrients and accumulation and stimulation of metabolic intermediates, parenchymal cells atrophy, degeneration, and even death. Interstitial fibrous tissue hyperplasia and reticular fibrous collagenization in the tissue gradually harden the organs and cause congestive sclerosis.