What Is an Embryonal Carcinoma?
Embryonic cancer is a highly malignant tumor that originates from totipotently differentiated cells. Tumor cells can be completely undifferentiated or partially differentiated, but all are undifferentiated or poorly differentiated tissues. The tumor was small in size, the section was gray-red, and there was a lot of bleeding and necrosis. Cells vary in size, are undifferentiated germ cells, have a high degree of malignancy, are highly erosive to local and blood vessels, and often have early metastases. Mainly through the lymphatic system and hematogenous metastasis. Testicular embryonic cancer accounts for about 20% of testicular reproductive tumors. The average age of patients is less than 30 years, and the age distribution ranges from 4 to 28 years, with an average age of 14 years.
Basic Information
- Visiting department
- Oncology
- Common causes
- Unknown cause
- Common symptoms
- Masses found in the pelvis are the most common symptom. Tumors tend to grow rapidly, often with abdominal pain, and milder ones are faint.
Causes of embryo cancer
- The cause is unknown.
Clinical manifestations of embryo cancer
- Masses found in the pelvis are the most common symptom. Tumors tend to grow rapidly, often with abdominal pain, and milder ones are faint. Prepubertal children often show precocious puberty. Patients after puberty often show infertility and hair hyperplasia.
Embryo cancer test
- 1. Pathological tumors are 10 to 25 cm in diameter and are nodular and enveloped, but sometimes incomplete. The cut surface is off-white or dark brown, substantial, but there are numerous cystic gaps, which contain viscous substances. Tumor hemorrhage and necrosis are often obvious.
2. Microscopic tumor cells are large, round or polygonal, with more cytoplasm and round nuclei, large and centered, similar to asexual cell tumors. Tumor cells are often arranged in lamellar, nested, acinar, small tubular, cord-like, or papillary shapes. Glandular epithelium was columnar and positive for mucus staining. In addition, tumor-like giant trophoblast polynuclear tumor giant cells can appear in the tumor, isolated or clustered in the tumor.
Embryo cancer diagnosis
- 1. The macroscopic features are gray and solid, invasive growth accompanied by bleeding and necrosis.
2. Microscopic features (1) It is composed of large cells with abundant cytoplasm and significant atypia, and mitosis is more common, and tumor giant cells can be seen.
(2) Tumor cells are arranged into solid, cord-like, adenoid, or lobular structures.
(3) It can be seen that they are arranged into early embryo-like structures, forming "embryo-like bodies".
3. Immunohistochemical tumor cells can diffusely express cytokeratin, and can also express PLAP, AFP, OCT4 and CD30.
Embryo Cancer Treatment
- This tumor grows rapidly, and can be widely metastasized to the peritoneum or spread to the para-aortic lymph nodes through the lymphatic tract in the early stage, and metastasized to the distant organs through the blood tract in the later stage. Most cases of recurrence die from extensive metastasis in the abdominal cavity within 2 years after treatment. Embryo cancer is mainly treated with surgery or chemotherapy, and advanced embryonic cancer is mainly treated with chemotherapy.