What Is Anatomical Kinesiology?

One of the disciplines of sports science. Sports anatomy is a branch of human anatomy. It is a discipline that studies the effects of physical exercise on the human body's morphology, structure and growth based on human anatomy, and explores the laws of human mechanical movement and its relationship with sports technology. Sports anatomy belongs to an important basic course and pilot course in sports human science, and it is also a required course for physical education majors.

Motor anatomy

(Subject name)

One of the disciplines of sports science. Sports anatomy is a branch of human anatomy, it is in

Motor anatomy is an integral part of motor morphology

Sports anatomy was established from the development of anatomy and mechanics. In the 15th century Europe

In the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, the ancient Greeks, such as Grover (344-1280 BC), Elastrastra (birth and death unknown), and Galen (131-201), have begun to dissect. the study. Grofield's pioneering work on human anatomy was the first of its kind in human anatomy research, and it was widely recognized as the founder of anatomy.

In the Renaissance, the outstanding Italian scientist Da Vinci (1452-1519) analyzed the structure of the human body from the perspective of the performance of the mechanism, and proposed the current point of human body's obedience to the laws of mechanics. At the same time, he also carried out an exhaustive study of the attachment points of muscles, drawing a number of sketches of anatomy. Da Vinci was the founder of the theory of human kinematics because he first described the coordinated role of human limbs in motion while walking and the mechanical principles of standing, standing, and jumping.

In 1543, A. Vesari (1514-1564), the most prominent anatomist in the history of humankind and the pioneer of human body structure function, published the great work of "The Structure of the Human Body" (7 volumes). The book corrects many of the anatomical insights of Hippocrates (460-1377 BC) and Galen and systematically describes the structure of the human body. Vesari's outstanding contributions became the founder of modern anatomy.

The creation of sports anatomy began in the 17th century. G. Italian Anatomy A. Paulieri (1608-1679) used mechanical principles and mathematical methods to study the leverage of bones during exercise, muscle movements, and the position of the total center of gravity of the human body. Around 1680. He published a paper entitled "On the Movement of Animals", which explained the strength of various muscles and the structure and resistance of air and water. He is known as "the true founder of modern dynamics" and "the father of kinetic biomechanics".

In the second half of the 17th century, the Danish anatomist Niels Stensen (1648-1686) published a pioneering masterpiece on muscle function "Principles of Muscles" which provides a thorough explanation of the general structure and contraction of muscles. , Is recognized as the founder of muscle mechanics.

1 In the 8th and 19th centuries. There are also many outstanding anatomy families who have made great contributions to the establishment of sports anatomy views and theories. The three German anatomy Weber brothers first studied the shortening of the length of a single muscle during muscle contraction. German Brown (1831-1892) and Fischer (186I-1917) created a method to measure the position of the center of gravity of a person. Beaver (1854-1908) classified the working properties of muscles, and Wolf (1836-1902) in Germany proposed the famous Wolf's law and so on. At the end of the 19th century, it was summarized and summarized by the three great Russian anatomy and physiologists Pironov (1810-1881), Sechenov (1839-1905), and Lesgaft (1837-1909). The theory of sports anatomy was perfected, and the discipline of sports anatomy was founded. among them. Les Gafft is also the founder of "Theoretical Anatomy", who has established immortal contributions to the formation of sports anatomy.

After entering the 19th century, due to the improvement of microscope technology and the invention of photography, the study of anatomy has also entered the microcosmic world from the macro world, and has entered the active state from the stationary state. The development of sports has put forward urgent requirements for the establishment and enrichment of sports anatomy theory, and created favorable conditions. During this period, American E. Mabridge wrote books such as "Animal Movement" and "Human Body Shape Movement". The Russian .. Lesgaft has published many books, describing materials about human proportions, human posture and movement. He also writes on the basis of anatomy, the relationship between anatomy and physical education, the basic tasks of physical education in schools, and the theory of human movement. These scholars have all contributed to the formal establishment of sports anatomy.

Since the 1940s, sports physiology, sports biochemistry, sports medicine, sports biomechanics, and sports psychology have developed successively. Sports anatomy has also become independent from human anatomy, forming a new discipline. The development of advanced technologies, such as electromyograph, electron microscope, dynamic strain gauge, high-speed movie camera, fluoroscopy technology, photoelastic force measurement technology, etc. Movements, changes in microstructures, and stress conditions of bones provide favorable conditions for in-depth research. Major achievements of this period, such as "Analysis of Human Kinematics in Normal and Pathological Conditions" by A. Stendler in the United States, are considered classic reference books on human kinematics in the medical field. The Soviet Union .. Ivanitski authored "Anatomy of the Human Body", which was translated into Chinese and published in 1956. He is considered a pioneer of Soviet sports anatomy. After the 1960s, he absorbed the content of anthropology and experimental biology and developed sports anatomy into sports morphology.

In recent years, with the development of molecular biology theory and technology, sports anatomy research has expanded from cell and subcellular research to molecular and gene level research, and has made great progress, especially in sports heart, sports micro-injury, New understanding has been gained in the study of the mechanism of sports fatigue and excessive fatigue. The special significance of the difference between histopathological and physiological changes in the state of exercise is proposed.