What is Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia?

Atypical hyperplasia (dysplasia, atypical hyperplasia) is a pathological term that mainly refers to the abnormal proliferation of epithelial cells, which are characterized by different proliferation cell sizes, diverse shapes, large and densely stained nuclei, increased nuclear plasma ratio, and nuclear division May increase but mostly normal mitotic images. The cells are arranged in disorder, the cell levels increase, and they disappear. However, pathological mitosis is generally not found; it can occur on the epithelium of the skin or mucosal surface, and it can also occur on the glandular epithelium.

Atypical hyperplasia

It is generally believed that from normal cells to tumor cells, they must go through a process such as: normal-hyperplasia-atypical hyperplasia-

Atypical hyperplasia generally has no obvious symptoms. If obvious symptoms appear, it is possible that the lesion has progressed to cancer. Common manifestations are as follows:

(1) Leukoplakia of the mucosa. Often occurs in the mouth,

Cervical atypical hyperplasia

Caused by HPV virus

Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia

Level 1: Epithelial cells are crowded. Stratification occurs. Glandular lumen surface is irregular. Slightly heterogeneous nuclei. The nucleolus is slightly larger. But rare big kernels.

Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia

Level 2: Epithelial level is more than P1N level 1. Nuclei significantly increased. Moderate atypia. Some cells lose their polarity. Nuclear chromatin increased significantly. Nuclei are obvious in most cells. The basal cell layer is missing.

Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia

Level 3: Epithelial hyperplasia. Papillary or sieve-like structures can be formed in the duct or acinar, with larger nuclei. A large nucleolus appears. The cells disappeared. The basal cell layer is clearly missing.

recent. Some people have suggested replacing the previous three-level classification with the I, lN two-level classification proposed by Bostwick et al. That is, PlNl level is equivalent to Bostwick's low-level PIN. Levels PIN2 and 3 correspond to height PlN. High-level PlN can have 4 morphologies in tissue structure: plexiform, micropapillary, sieve-shaped, and flat-shaped, among which plexiform and papillary are most common. These 4 forms are only used for pathological diagnosis of PlN. There was no significant effect on the patient's prognosis. "Is prostate cancer" familial "?

Prostate intraepithelial neoplastic hyperplasia has the most important clinical pathological significance: if PlN is seen in radical prostatectomy specimens of prostate cancer without cancer. A new sample of Ying mushroom was used to find invasive cancer; if only PlN was seen in the biopsy specimen. Xiaxin puncture should be recommended to follow up patients within 6 months to 1 year. Because this patient is 14 times more likely to develop cancer than the benign control group.