What Is Bowel Distension?

Intestinal flatulence is caused by a variety of reasons. The gastrointestinal tract can not be discharged with gastrointestinal peristalsis due to gastrointestinal dysfunction or obstruction. Gas accumulated in the gastrointestinal tract will have a feeling of flatulence, often accompanied by nausea, belching, Snoring, bloating, abdominal pain, increased anal exhaust and other symptoms.

Intestinal flatulence is caused by a variety of reasons. The gastrointestinal tract can not be discharged with gastrointestinal peristalsis due to gastrointestinal dysfunction or obstruction. Gas accumulated in the gastrointestinal tract will have a feeling of flatulence, often accompanied by nausea, belching, Snoring, bloating, abdominal pain, increased anal exhaust and other symptoms.

nickname

Flatulence flatulence flatulence

English name

Flatulence Intestinal tympanites

Multiple groups

Gastroenterology, General Surgery

Common symptoms

Bloating, abdominal pain, belching, increased anal exhaust

Causes of flatulence

Intestinal flatulence can be a functional disease or an organic disease. Among them, functional diseases include functional indigestion, irritable bowel syndrome, and swallowing. There are many reasons for organic diseases, such as: 1. Gastrointestinal diseases: gastritis, gastric prolapse, acute gastric dilatation, pyloric obstruction, gastric ulcer, gastric cancer, diabetic gastroparesis, intestinal bacterial overgrowth, intestinal infection, intestinal tuberculosis, acute hemorrhagic necrotic enteritis, intestinal obstruction, superior mesenteric artery Syndrome, etc. 2. Liver, gall, pancreatic diseases: hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver cancer, chronic cholecystitis, gallstones, pancreatitis, etc. 3. Peritoneal disease: acute peritonitis, tuberculous peritonitis, peritoneal cancer, etc. 4. Cardiovascular diseases include congestive heart failure, angina pectoris, arrhythmia, mesenteric vascular embolism, thrombosis, mesenteric arteriosclerosis, etc. 5. Acute infectious diseases: Toxemia, sepsis, toxic pneumonia, and typhoid fever caused by various serious infections. 6. Other diseases: bronchial asthma, emphysema, hypokalemia, spinal cord disease, drug reaction, connective tissue disease, myxedema, malnutrition, and after surgery.

The specific causes of flatulence can be summarized into the following categories:

1. Excessive air swallowing: large amounts of gas can be swallowed by suffocation, mental factors or certain gastrointestinal diseases; it is easy to swallow air when drinking a lot of water or eating too fast; infants may cry too much if they cry too much.

2. Intestinal emptying disorder: When intestinal obstruction, intestinal wall tension or motility weaken, excess gas can accumulate in the intestine.

3. Increased gas production in the intestinal tract: Excessive growth of small intestinal bacteria refers to the translocation of distant intestinal flora into the small intestine, causing excessive growth of bacteria in the small intestine, which results in excessive gas that can cause symptoms such as abdominal distension and increased anal exhaust. It is closely related to irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, functional bowel disease, liver disease, Crohn's disease, small bowel diverticulum, pancreatitis, short bowel syndrome, diabetes and other diseases.

Flatulence test

1. Physical examination:

Including inspection, palpation, palpation, auscultation, and digital anus. Abdominal swelling can be seen as general gastrointestinal bloating, and gastrointestinal type and peristaltic waves can occur in severe cases. Abdominal pain can be felt on palpation. Abdominal drum sounds on percussion are obvious. Intestinal obstruction and intestinal paralysis can cause abnormal bowel sounds. Digital anal examination Helps find lesions in the anus and rectum.

2. Laboratory inspection:

Blood tests, such as increased white blood cell counts and increased neutrophils often indicate the presence of systemic, intestinal, intraperitoneal, or visceral infections; liver and kidney function and tumor marker tests can help liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and some tumors Disease diagnosis; stool routine and stool culture are helpful for the diagnosis of intestinal infections; abdominal distension caused by various infections may have infectious blood signs, rapid increase in sedimentation, positive blood culture and other abnormal indicators. Small intestinal bacteria overgrowth diagnosis methods mainly include small intestinal fluid bacterial culture and hydrogen breath test. In the past, small intestinal fluid bacterial culture was considered to be the gold standard for diagnosing SIBO, but it is an invasive test with complicated operation, time-consuming, high false negative rate, clinical It is not easy to popularize, and it is mostly used for scientific research. Non-invasive testing of hydrogen breath test is simple, repeatable, highly sensitive and specific, and it is the most widely used clinical examination method today.

3. Other auxiliary inspections:

Including abdominal color Doppler ultrasound, gastrointestinal angiography, abdominal X-ray examination, such as intestinal bloating and most gas-liquid levels can be diagnosed as intestinal obstruction. CT, gastroscopy, colonoscopy, etc. can help diagnose organic diseases such as abdominal masses or tumors.

Flatulence treatment

1. Primary disease treatment

Most organic diseases require treatment for the primary disease.

2. General treatment

Keep a good mood, avoid overwork and mental stress; chew slowly while eating, do not gobble; regular and balanced diet, avoid overeating; avoid eating gas-producing foods or drinks, such as onions, leek, ginger, garlic, Potatoes, sweets, beans, pasta, milk, high-protein foods, and carbonated drinks; exercise after meals.

3. Drug treatment

Including digestive enzymes, gastrointestinal prokinetic drugs, prebiotics and probiotics.

4. Special treatment

For patients with severe abdominal distension, measures such as gastrointestinal decompression and anal canal exhaust can be adopted according to the condition.

5, flora transplantation

Fecal bacteria transplantation has been a medical breakthrough in recent years as a treatment method with a long history and can reconstruct the intestinal flora ^[1] . For patients with symptoms of intestinal bacterial overgrowth, faecal transplantation is expected to be a good treatment option.