What Is Bromidrosis?

Ciliariasis is caused by epiphytes on the surface, appendages, eyes, and gills of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Main symptoms: Macrobrachium rosenbergii is irritable, swims frequently by the pool, hinders feeding, molting, and affects growth. If there is a large number of epiphytes on the gills, it can cause hypoxia and suffocation.

Ciliates

Ciliariasis is caused by epiphytes on the surface, appendages, eyes, and gills of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Main symptoms: Macrobrachium rosenbergii is irritable, swims frequently by the pool, hinders feeding, molting, and affects growth. If there is a large number of epiphytes on the gills, it can cause hypoxia and suffocation.

Western Medicine Name

Ciliates

Affiliated Department

Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology

Disease site

colon

Contagious

Non-contagious

Ciliariasis is caused by epiphytes on the surface, appendages, eyes, and gills of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Main symptoms: Macrobrachium rosenbergii is irritable, swims frequently by the pool, hinders feeding, molting, and affects growth. If there is a large number of epiphytes on the gills, it can cause hypoxia and suffocation. Prevention and treatment: This disease can be prevented by frequently injecting new water and keeping the pool water clean and hygienic. Drug treatment can be immersed in 0.2ppm malachite green for 30 minutes, or dipped in 0.4ppm copper sulfate solution for 6 hours, each course of treatment is 3 to 5 days. It can also be dipped with 25 to 30 ppm of formalin solution, and the water is changed once every 24 hours for 2 to 3 times.

There are two periods of trophozoites and cysts in the life history of colonic ciliates. The trophozoite is oval, colorless and transparent, or pale gray with greenish color, and the size is 30-200m. The whole body is covered with cilia, and the trophozoites can be quickly rotated by the cilia. The worm body is easily deformed. There is a depressed cell mouth in the front section, and a funnel-shaped pharyngeal is connected below. The granular food enters the worm body by the movement of the cell cilia. After the food bubble is digested, the residue is discharged through the cell anus. There are retractable vesicles in the body and the rear to adjust the osmotic pressure. After hematoxylin staining, a large kidney-shaped nucleus and a small round nucleus can be seen, the latter located in the former depression. The capsule is round or oval, with a diameter of 40-60 m. Light yellow or light green, thick and transparent cyst wall, visible nucleus after staining.

The acute phase is also known as dysentery. Patients may have abdominal pain, diarrhea, and mucus and bloody stools. They may be accompanied by acute stress, some may be dehydrated, malnourished, and lose weight. Inappropriate treatment or malaise may turn into chronic. Patients may have discomfort and ileocele And sigmoid tenderness, periodic diarrhea, stools were porridge-like or watery, often accompanied by mucus, but no pus and blood. The trophozoite can invade extra-intestinal tissues, such as the liver, lung, or urogenital organs, through the lymphatic channels. It has been reported that the trophozoite was detected from the nasal secretions of one case of chronic rhinitis

Colonic pouch cilia are distributed worldwide, and there are many tropical and subtropical species. It is known that more than 30 animals can infect this worm. Among them, pig infection is more common and the most important source of infection. The infection rate can reach 60% -70%. It is generally believed that the colon environment of the human body is not very suitable for the worm, so the human body has fewer infections. Occurs scatteredly. Cases have been reported in Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Sichuan, Hubei, Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Jilin, Liaoning, and Taiwan. It is generally believed that the infection originated from pigs, and many cases have a history of contact with pigs. In some areas, the incidence rate is consistent with the infection rate of pigs, so pigs are considered to be the main source of infection of human pouch ciliates. However, there are areas where the infection rate of pigs is very high, and the infection rate is very low in the population, or only pig infections are found.

The trophozoite is parasitic in the colon and proliferates in large numbers. It secretes hyaluronidase and invades the colonic mucosa and even the submucosa by mechanical movement, causing ulcers. In severe cases, large-scale colonic mucosa can be eliminated and shed, and the pathological changes are similar to amoebic dysentery in the lysed tissue. Most infected people have no symptoms, but worms can be excreted in the discrimination. Therefore, these infected people are of great significance in epidemiology. Important infections can cause digestive disorders.

Direct diagnosis of trophozoites or cysts can confirm the diagnosis of fecal smears. Due to the large size of the worms, it is generally not easy to miss the test. Fresh feces and repeated inspections can increase the detection rate. If necessary, sigmoidoscopy can also be used for biopsy or cultured with amoeba medium.

Treatment can be metronidazole or berberine.

The principle of controlling this insect is the same as that of amoeba in lysed tissue. The incidence of colonic pouch ciliosis is not high. The focus is on prevention. Health promotion and education should be strengthened. Pay attention to personal hygiene and dietary hygiene. Manage human and pig faeces to avoid contaminating food and water sources.

Ciliate

Ciliariasis is a parasitic disease that often occurs in river crabs in autumn. The pathogen is caused by ciliate parasites such as clogs, bellworms, and oblique tuberculosis parasitizing on the surface, appendages, gills, etc. . It mostly occurs in mixed fish and crab ponds in autumn, and both young and adult crabs can be infected. 1. The main symptoms. The surface of the diseased crab has many yellow-green or brown fluff, and the surface and appendages have a greasy feeling. Sick crabs have decreased appetite, or even do not eat. Crab body is thin, sluggish, and unresponsive to external stimuli. When a large number of ciliates parasitize, they can block the water holes and increase the mucus in the gills, which seriously affects the crab's breathing, resulting in the crab's inability to shell and die.

2. Prevention measures. (1) Excessive sludge should be removed before the crab ponds are stocked. Clear ponds with 100 kg of quicklime per acre for disinfection. (2) When the young crabs are stocked, they are immersed in a 20 ppm zinc sulfate solution for 15 minutes. (3) Transfer enough aquatic plants in the crab pond, the coverage rate is stable above 50%, and the aquatic plants can absorb the excess organic matter in the water body. (4) In the growing season, inject fresh water every 2 to 3 days, inject 30 cm to 40 cm of water each time, and sprinkle quicklime every half month to make the water in the pool 20ppm. (5) For the diseased crab pond, the whole pond is sprayed with 1 ppm zinc sulfate or 1 ppm crustacean.

3. Precautions. Ciliary worm disease is easy to confuse with disease and water mold. The main difference is that yellow-green or brown fluff can be seen on the surface of river crabs suffering from ciliate disease; the disease is the green sponge-like substance attached to the surface of the crab; water mold is gray-white cotton flocculent silk, silk There are spherical spores or black spores linked by spores at the end. During treatment, the affected pool can be sprayed with 0.7ppm copper sulfate, and the water can be changed the next day. Water mold can be sprayed with 4% ~ 5% saline in the whole pool.