What Is Hematometra?

The most important component of red blood cells is hemoglobin, which is a combination of globin and heme. The globin biosynthesis is the same as the general protein. Heme is an iron porphyrin compound, a prosthetic group of hemoglobin, and a prosthetic group of myoglobin, cytochrome, peroxidase, catalase, and the like. Heme involved in the synthesis of hemoglobin is mainly synthesized in the juvenile red blood cells and reticulocytes of the bone marrow. ^[1]

Every hemoglobin in the human body is composed of 4 heme (also called ferroprotoporphyrin) and 1 globin in the middle, and each heme is composed of 4

1. Traits: It is a red pigment in the blood and muscles of higher animals. From

• Extraction principle When the hemoglobin pH is lower than 3.0, the binding of heme and globin is the most loose. At this time, an organic solvent is added

  Combination of heme and oxygen

  The process of combining heme with oxygen is a very magical process. First, one oxygen molecule binds to one of the four subunits of heme, and the structure of globin after binding to oxygen changes, resulting in a change in the structure of the entire heme. This change makes the second oxygen molecule compared to the first It is easier for oxygen molecules to find the binding of another subunit of heme, and its binding will further promote the binding of the third oxygen molecule, and so on until the four subunits constituting heme are bound to four oxygen molecules respectively. The same is true of the process of releasing oxygen in tissues. The departure of one oxygen molecule will stimulate the departure of the other until all the oxygen molecules are completely released. This interesting phenomenon is called a synergistic effect. ^[7]

  Due to the synergistic effect of the molecular structure of heme, the binding curve of heme and oxygen is S-shaped. Within a specific range, as the oxygen content in the environment changes, the binding rate of heme and oxygen molecules has a drastic change. The oxygen concentration in the lung and the oxygen concentration in the lung tissue are located on both sides of this mutation, so in the lung tissue, heme can be fully combined with oxygen, and in other parts of the body, the oxygen molecules carried by it can be fully released. However, when the oxygen content in the environment is high or low, the oxygen binding curve of heme is very smooth, and the huge fluctuation of oxygen concentration is difficult to significantly change the combination rate of heme and oxygen. Oxygen and blood's ability to carry oxygen will not be significantly improved. From this perspective, the psychological implications of oxygen inhalation for healthy people are far greater than their physiological effects. Excessive destruction of red blood cells in the blood, increased liver load, impaired intracellular transport, binding, and excretion of liver cells, or obstruction of the extrahepatic biliary tract, can cause increased blood bilirubin concentration and jaundice.

  Other functions of heme

  In addition to carrying oxygen, heme can also be combined with carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and cyanide ions . The method of binding is exactly the same as that of oxygen. The only difference is the degree of firmness. Once carbon monoxide and cyanide ions are bound to heme, it is difficult to leave. It is the principle of gas poisoning and cyanide poisoning. In this case, other substances with a stronger ability to bind to these substances can be used for detoxification. For example, carbon monoxide poisoning can be treated by intravenous injection of methylene blue. ^[8]

  Used as medicine and health products, it has important biological functions such as oxygen-carrying, storing oxygen, promoting redox and electron transfer. It can be used as a raw material for semi-synthetic hematoporphyrin (HP) and its derivatives (HPD) and protoporphyrin sodium. It can also be used as a meat food additive, mainly used as a colorant. ^[8]