What Is Quantitative Immunoglobulin?

B lymphocytes are transformed into plasma cells under the stimulation of antigens, producing antibodies that can specifically bind to the corresponding antigens, called immunoglobulin (Ig). Immunoglobulins can be divided into five categories: immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin D (IgD), and immunoglobulin E (IgE). The molecular structure of immunoglobulins is divided into two parts, the heavy chain and the light chain. The five types of immunoglobulins have different heavy chains, while the light chain has only two types, namely, kappa and lambda. type is more than type, which is about 2: 1. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease of monoclonal plasma cell hyperplasia, which occurs in middle-aged and elderly people. Its clinical manifestations and signs are complex and diverse, and it is easy to cause misdiagnosis. The pathogenesis of multiple myeloma is due to the excessive proliferation of abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow, which results in the production of a large number of monoclonal immunoglobulins, also known as M proteins. M protein consists of a single type of heavy chain and a single type of light chain. Therefore, a large number of single types of light chains can often be detected in patient serum, that is, increased or . Therefore, the determination of light chain in blood is of great significance for the diagnosis, typing and disease monitoring of multiple myeloma.