What Is the Connection Between Night Sweats and HIV?

An HIV-infected person is someone who has HIV in the body but has not yet developed clinical signs and symptoms of AIDS. This is a period of existence of AIDS, and it may officially enter the onset period at any time afterwards.

People living with HIV

An HIV-infected person is someone who has HIV in the body but has not yet developed clinical signs and symptoms of AIDS. This is a period of existence of AIDS, and it may officially enter the onset period at any time afterwards.

Chinese name

People living with HIV

Foreign name

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

After being infected with HIV, normal people do not feel sick at first, and no antibodies can be detected in the serum.

Generally, infections in public places

1. Unexplained persistent irregular fever above 38 degrees, more than one month

2. Chronic diarrhea more than 3 times / day, more than one month

More than 10% weight loss in 3 or 6 months

4. Recurrent Candida albicans infection

5, recurrent

1. Sustained low fever (93%)

2. Tired (90%)

3. Unexplained laryngitis (70%)

4. Sudden weight loss of more than 10% (70%)

5. Headache (60%)

6. Nausea (60%)

7. Muscle and joint pain (60%)

8. Night sweats (50%)

9.

1. Fever, fatigue, sore throat, general discomfort, etc.

40.8% of injecting drug use

Blood supply and supply accounted for 23.0

Sexual transmission accounts for 9.0%

23.4% are unknown

It is estimated that many of them

Screening for HIV infection

Immunochromatographic test

Since the introduction of the first AIDS testing reagent in 1985, AIDS testing has become increasingly simple, sensitive, fast, and requires no special equipment. The results can be observed directly with the naked eye. The AIDS test strip is a detection technology developed based on the ELISA method. Because of its advantages such as easy operation, fast, single-test, easy storage, no special equipment, etc., it is also widely used in clinical HBsAg Screening has a practical value for the screening of emergency and unpaid blood donation sites, which can avoid the waste caused by invalid blood collection and save a lot of manpower and material resources, so it is more suitable for the needs of emergency and unpaid blood donation field screening. .

The colloidal gold method (gold standard) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV 1/2) antibody detection kit is a sensitive, specific, and easy-to-use one-step qualitative detection reagent for HIV 1/2 antibodies established using colloidal gold immunochromatography. It is used for the qualitative detection of HIV type 1 and HIV type 2 specific antibodies in human serum or plasma samples to assist in the diagnosis of HIV infection. The positive results need to be confirmed by immunoblotting. Its characteristics are convenient, fast, and highly sensitive, and it is the most convenient and quick way to screen for AIDS patients. At the same time, due to this very high sensitivity, false positives may occur.

One is a blood test (whole blood, serum) test strip, and the other is a saliva (gingival fluid exudate) test strip. Blood test strips generally have imported reagents: Abbott (serum), SD (whole blood); domestic reagents: Aikang (serum), love yourself (whole blood), etc.

The saliva test strips The saliva test strips are currently globally recognized by the Aware brand of the American company Klippte. .

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

The basic principle of the ELISA method is that the immune reactant forms an enzyme conjugate by chemical or immunological methods. The enzyme conjugate can be combined with the corresponding antigen or antibody in the sample to be tested to form an immune complex, and then the enzyme substrate is added. Catalysis or hydrolysis, the colorless substrate produces color, and the results are observed with the naked eye and a spectrophotometer. HIV ELISA reagents for primary screening have been developed to the fourth generation detection reagent. The first generation reagents mainly coated the reaction plate with virus lysate or partially purified virus antigen to detect antibodies in the serum. Because the coated antigen is not very pure, the false positive rate is high. The second-generation reagent uses a recombinant antigen and a synthetic peptide-coated reaction plate obtained by a genetic engineering method. Due to the use of a purified antigen, the specificity is greatly improved. The third-generation reagent uses a dual-antigen sandwich method to detect antibodies, further improving sensitivity. The fourth-generation reagent further increased the detection of P24 antigen on the basis of the third generation. By coating the reaction plate with HIV antigen and anti-P24 antibody at the same time, HIV antibody and P24 antigen in serum could be detected at the same time.

Confirmation test for HIV-infected persons

Western blot test

The immunoblot test is mainly used for confirmation. The basic principle is that the whole virus antigen of HIV is electrophoresed to separate protein bands with different molecular weights, and then these different proteins that have been separated are charged and transferred to the nitrocellulose membrane. This membrane was cut into strips, and each nitrocellulose membrane contained the HIV virus antigen separated by electrophoresis. Dilute the test serum sample to 1/100 with the dilution solution, and then directly add it to the nitrocellulose membrane, and shake it at a constant temperature to make it fully contact with the reaction. If the serum contains anti-HIV antibodies, it will react with the Antigen bands are combined. After adding the anti-human IgG enzyme conjugate and substrate, the reactive antigen-antibody binding band can become purple-brown, and the result can be determined according to the appearance of the band. There are reports that the specificity of the immunoblot test is not very good, with a false positive rate of about 2%, but the immunoblot test is still the most commonly used HIV confirmation test.

For HIV infection, you can determine whether you are really infected through the process of rapid test-screening test-confirmation test. Confirmation cannot be achieved by rapid tests or preliminary screening tests alone. If the effects of some hormonal drugs are excluded, two or more rapid detection reagents can roughly judge their own health status.

Results of HIV infection determination

After years of evaluation by the US National CDC and UNAIDS, and a number of large sample studies. By more than two kinds of AIDS primary screening reagents acting on subjects who meet the window period at the same time, the subject's own health status can be clearly expressed. Both reagents are negative and can be judged to be negative and not infected with HIV; both reagents are positive and can be judged to be suspected to be likely to be infected with HIV. Confirmation results need to be given through confirmatory tests; Confirmation results are given by means of confirmation tests.

The blood screening of blood collection and supply institutions in China and the routine screening tests of various medical and health institutions require the use of antibody sandwich ELISA. In remote areas where AIDS screening laboratories have not been established, or medical and health institutions require emergency surgery, emergency delivery and VCT Or those who are estimated to be difficult to follow up again, rapid blood screening can be performed. Screening of blood and blood products must use a combination of HIV-1 and HIV-2 reagents. If the test result is negative, it can be reported as no HIV infection after the exclusion window period; if it is positive, the original reagent and another reagent of a different principle or a different manufacturer should be used for retesting. If both reagents are retested, If it is negative, report that the antibody test is negative. If all are positive, or one is negative, then send it to the confirmation laboratory for confirmation.