What Is the Difference Between Disability and Impairment?

A disability certificate is a legal certificate that identifies persons with disabilities and their categories and levels. At present, there are seven types of disability in our country: visual disability, hearing disability, speech disability, physical disability, intellectual disability, mental disability and multiple disability. Persons with disabilities who meet the Disability Standards of the Second National Sampling Survey for Persons with Disabilities shall be issued with a disability certificate.

Disability certificate

The disability certificate is the legality for identifying persons with disabilities and their categories and levels.

Introduction background

Since the first generation of the "People's Republic of China's Certificate of Disabled Persons" was issued in 1995,

According to the "Administrative Measures of the People's Republic of China for Persons with Disabilities Certificate" ^[1]

Compared with the first generation of "Disabled Persons 'Cards", the second generation of "Disabled Persons' Cards" are significantly different in terms of classification and classification, assessment standards, document coding, and operation methods:

1. The type of disability approved in the second generation of the "Disabled Person's Certificate" has been changed from six types to

1. Visual impairment refers to binocular caused by various reasons

1.Definition of hearing disability

1,

1.Definition of intellectual disability

1.Definition of physical disability

1.Definition of mental disability

Mental disability refers to a mental patient who has not been cured for more than one year, and at the same time, it causes a certain degree of obstacles to the family and society's due functions.

Mental disability can be caused by

1. The certificate holder shall keep the certificate of the disabled properly, only for his or her use, and shall not alter or lend it.

2. If the disabled person's ID is lost, he / she should report to the county-level disabled person's federation in the place where the residence is registered, and apply for a replacement after the declaration is invalid. The number of the reissued disabled person's ID is printed with "B" after the original 20-digit number, and the second reissued printed with "B2", and so on. At the same time, the lost ID card is marked invalid in the disabled population database.

3. If the disabled person's ID is dirty or damaged, which affects the normal use, the disabled or disabled person's ID can be returned to the county-level disabled person's federation where the residence is registered, and it will be free of charge. The registration information for redemption of disabled persons' ID is the same as the original disabled person's ID.

4. For the relocation of disabled persons, they must go to the county-level disability federation where the original registered person is located to issue a migration certificate for persons with disabilities based on the migration certificate issued by the public security agency. Persons with disabilities shall register with the county-level disabled person's federation at the place where the new account is located with the file materials such as the disabled person's certificate application form and assessment form transferred from the county-level disabled person's federation where the original household registration is located. The county-level disability federation where the new account is located indicates the date of migration and stamped the official seal in the remarks column of the disabled person's certificate, keeps the transferred material file, and submits a copy to the municipal disability federation for archiving.

5. In the event that a disabled person recovers, dies or dies, the certificate-issuing authority shall promptly recover the disabled person's ID. Rehabilitation and disability of the disabled shall be based on the disability assessment results of the hospitals or specialized medical institutions at or above the county level (including county level) designated by the county level disabled federation.

News background: Recently, some recruitment websites have posted information on renting out disability certificates. Some people with disabilities can get a certain income and social security by "following" enterprises and taking fake jobs. In order to escape the payment of employment security benefits for disabled persons, some enterprises also adopt the method of "fake employment" to recruit disabled persons. (Beijing Youth Daily, June 11)

"Helping the disabled" is a complex social issue that should include both financial assistance and spiritual comfort. The special fund system for the employment of the disabled is a kind of "good governance", which not only allows the disabled to have a fixed income, but also allows them to obtain employment equity, establish self-confidence, and enjoy dignity. It is not only a use of the identity of persons with disabilities, but also a denial of the capabilities of persons with disabilities. This is undoubtedly contrary to the original intention of the system design. ^[2]

If a relief system based on helping vulnerable groups not only fails to eliminate discrimination, it will also increase the abuse of the dignity of vulnerable groups. Is it the only system that needs reflection?